NAME

Lingua::Stem::En - Porter's stemming algorithm for 'generic' English

SYNOPSIS

    use Lingua::Stem::En;
    my $stems   = Lingua::Stem::En::stem({ -words => $word_list_reference,
                                        -locale => 'en',
                                    -exceptions => $exceptions_hash,
                                     });

DESCRIPTION

This routine applies the Porter Stemming Algorithm to its parameters, returning the stemmed words.

It is derived from the C program "stemmer.c" as found in freewais and elsewhere, which contains these notes:

   Purpose:    Implementation of the Porter stemming algorithm documented 
               in: Porter, M.F., "An Algorithm For Suffix Stripping," 
               Program 14 (3), July 1980, pp. 130-137.
   Provenance: Written by B. Frakes and C. Cox, 1986.

I have re-interpreted areas that use Frakes and Cox's "WordSize" function. My version may misbehave on short words starting with "y", but I can't think of any examples.

The step numbers correspond to Frakes and Cox, and are probably in Porter's article (which I've not seen). Porter's algorithm still has rough spots (e.g current/currency, -ings words), which I've not attempted to cure, although I have added support for the British -ise suffix.

CHANGES

 1999.06.15 - Changed to '.pm' module, moved into Lingua::Stem namespace,
              optionalized the export of the 'stem' routine
              into the caller's namespace, added named parameters
 1999.06.24 - Switch core implementation of the Porter stemmer to
              the one written by Jim Richardson <jimr@maths.usyd.edu.au>
 2000.08.25 - 2.11 Added stemming cache
 2000.09.14 - 2.12 Fixed *major* :( implementation error of Porter's algorithm
              Error was entirely my fault - I completely forgot to include
              rule sets 2,3, and 4 starting with Lingua::Stem 0.30. 
              -- Jerilyn Franz
 2003.09.28 - 2.13 Corrected documentation error pointed out by Simon Cozens.
 2005.11.20 - 2.14 Changed rule declarations to conform to Perl style convention
              for 'private' subroutines. Changed Exporter invokation to more
              portable 'require' vice 'use'.
 2006.02.14 - 2.15 Added ability to pass word list by 'handle' for in-place stemming.
 2009.07.27 - 2.16 Documentation Fix
 2020.06.20 - 2.30 Version renumber for module consistency.
 2020.09.26 - 2.31 Fix for Latin1/UTF8 issue in documentation

METHODS

stem({ -words => \@words, -locale => 'en', -exceptions => \%exceptions });

Stems a list of passed words using the rules of US English. Returns an anonymous array reference to the stemmed words.

Example:

  my @words         = ( 'wordy', 'another' );
  my $stemmed_words = Lingua::Stem::En::stem({ -words => \@words,
                                              -locale => 'en',
                                          -exceptions => \%exceptions,
                          });
    

If the first element of @words is a list reference, then the stemming is performed 'in place' on that list (modifying the passed list directly instead of copying it to a new array).

This is only useful if you do not need to keep the original list. If you do need to keep the original list, use the normal semantic of having 'stem' return a new list instead - that is faster than making your own copy and using the 'in place' semantics since the primary difference between 'in place' and 'by value' stemming is the creation of a copy of the original list. If you don't need the original list, then the 'in place' stemming is about 60% faster.

Example of 'in place' stemming:

  my $words         = [ 'wordy', 'another' ];
  my $stemmed_words = Lingua::Stem::En::stem({ -words => [$words],
                          -locale => 'en',
                      -exceptions => \%exceptions,
                      });
    

The 'in place' mode returns a reference to the original list with the words stemmed.

stem_caching({ -level => 0|1|2 });

Sets the level of stem caching.

'0' means 'no caching'. This is the default level.

'1' means 'cache per run'. This caches stemming results during a single
call to 'stem'.

'2' means 'cache indefinitely'. This caches stemming results until
either the process exits or the 'clear_stem_cache' method is called.

clear_stem_cache;

Clears the cache of stemmed words

NOTES

This code is almost entirely derived from the Porter 2.1 module written by Jim Richardson.

SEE ALSO

 Lingua::Stem

AUTHOR

  Jim Richardson, University of Sydney
  jimr@maths.usyd.edu.au or http://www.maths.usyd.edu.au:8000/jimr.html
  Integration in Lingua::Stem by 
  Jerilyn Franz, FreeRun Technologies,
  <cpan@jerilyn.info>

COPYRIGHT

Jim Richardson, University of Sydney Jerilyn Franz, FreeRun Technologies

This code is freely available under the same terms as Perl.

BUGS

TODO