̾??

chpass, chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh — ?桼???ǡ????١??????ξ??????Խ?????

????

chpass [-a list] [-p encpass] [-e expiretime] [-s newshell] [user] chpass [-oly] [-a list] [-p encpass] [-e expiretime] [-s newshell] [-d domain] [-h host] [user]

????

chpass ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??? user ?⤷???ϥǥե????ȤǤϼ¹Ԥ????桼???Υ桼???ǡ????١????ξ??????ѹ????ޤ???

chfn, chsh, ypchpass, ypchfn, ypchsh ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??ϡ? chpass ??Ʊ???褦??ư??ޤ? (?ץ????????ϤҤȤĤ????ʤΤǤ?)??

?????ϥե????ޥåȤ??졢ɬ?פ???ʬ?򥨥ǥ??????ѹ????ޤ???

?桼?????ѹ????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ?????????????ɽ???????ޤ???

???ץ??????Ȥ??Ƥϡ????Τ??Τ??????ޤ?:

-a

?????ѥ桼???ϡ??桼???ǡ????١????Υ????ȥ??? passwd(5) ?????????줿?ե????ޥåȤǰ????Ȥ???ľ?ܻ????Ǥ??ޤ??? ???ΰ????ϥ????? (“:”) ?Ƕ??ڤ??줿?ꥹ?ȤǤ??ꡢ ????????ʬ?????äƤ????????ޤ????? ???٤ƤΥե??????ɤ??ꥹ?Ȥˤ??ʤ????Фʤ??ޤ?????

-p

?????ѥ桼???ϡ??Ź沽???줿?ѥ???ɥե??????ɤ? crypt(3) ???Ѥ??????Ƥ????ե????ޥåȤǰ????Ȥ???ľ?ܻ??ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

-e expiretime

?????????Ȥ?̵???Ȥʤ??????ѹ????ޤ??? ???å??ǥ????????Τ褦?˥??????ץȤ??顢 ̵???Ȥʤ??????ѹ????뤿???ˡ??ܥ??ץ??????????Ѥ??ޤ???

-s newshell

?桼???Υ??????? newshell ???ѹ????褦?Ȥ??ޤ???

ɽ???????륨???ȥ??ˤϰʲ??Τ??Τ??????ޤ?:

login ?ե??????ɤϷ׻????˥????????????Ȥ??˻Ȥ??????桼??̾?Ǥ???

password ?ե??????ɤϥ桼???ΰŹ沽???줿?ѥ???ɤ??????????Ƥ??ޤ???

uid ?ե??????ɤ? login ?ե??????ɤȴ?Ϣ?????ֹ??Ǥ????ե??????Υ????????????椹?뤿???ˡ? ?ɤ????Υե??????ɤ⥷???ƥ? (???Ф??С?ʣ???Υ????ƥ?) ?????? ???դǤ???ɬ?פ??????ޤ???

ʣ???Υ????ȥ꤬Ʊ???Υ???????̾??Ʊ???Υ桼?? ID ?????Ĥ??Ȥϲ?ǽ?Ǥ????? ???Τ褦?ˤ??뤳?Ȥ??̾??????Ǥ??? ???????Υե?????????????????Ǥϡ? ????????ʣ???Υ????ȥ??⤫??̵???٤??????????Τΰ??Ĥ??????֤??Ǥ??礦??

group ?ե??????ɤϥ桼???????????????˽?°???륰?롼?פǤ??? BSD ??ʣ???? ???롼?פ????Ѥ??Ƥ??? ( groups(1) ????) ???Υե??????ɤϤۤȤ??ɰ?̣???????ޤ????? ???Υե??????ɤ??ֹ??䥰?롼??̾ ( group(5) ????) ?Τɤ??餫?????Ҥ????ޤ???

class ?ե??????ɤ? /etc/login.conf ?Υ??饹?˴ؤ??뵭?Ҥ򻲾Ȥ??ޤ??? ŵ??Ū?ˤϡ??桼???Υ??????????ˡ? ?桼???Υ????ƥ??꥽?????????¤??뤿???˻??Ѥ????ޤ???

change ?ե??????ɤϥѥ???ɤ??ѹ??????Ƥ????٤????դǤ???

expire ?ե??????ɤϥ????????Ȥ???λ???????դǤ???

change ?? expire ??ξ???Υե??????ɤ? “month day year” ?η????????Ϥ??? month ?ϡ??Ѹ??η???̾?? (?Ϥ????? 3 ʸ???Ǥ⽽ʬ?Ǥ?) ?ǡ? day ?ϡ????η??????????ǡ? year ?ϡ?????ǯ?Ǥ???

5 ?ĤΥե??????ɤϡ??桼???? ?ºݤ?̾?? ?? ???ե????ξ??? ?? ???? ?? ?ȤǻȤ????? ?ֹ桢?????? ????¾?ξ??? ???ݴɤ??Ƥ??ޤ??? ????¾?ξ??? ?ϡ??????ޤǶ??ڤä?ñ??ʸ?????Ǥ??ꡢ?ɲä? gecos ?ե??????ɤ?ɽ?????ޤ? (ŵ??Ū?ˤϥ????ȸ?ͭ?Υ桼???????Τ????˻??Ѥ??ޤ?)?? finger(1) ???? Office: ?Ȥ????إå??β??? ???ե????ξ??????????ֹ????Ȥ???ɽ?????뤳?Ȥ????դ??Ƥ?????????

?桼???? home directory ?ϥ桼???????????????ˤ????????ؤ????? UNIX ?ѥ?̾?Ǥ???

shell ?ե??????ɤϥ桼???ι??ॳ?ޥ??ɥ??󥿥ץ꥿?Ǥ??? ?⤷ shell ?ե??????ɤ????Ǥ????С?Bourne ?????? /bin/sh ?Ǥ????Ȳ??ꤷ?ޤ??? ???????󥷥??????ѹ??????Ȥ??ˡ??????ѥ桼???ǤϤʤ??桼???ϡ? ??ɸ?ॷ???뤫?顢?ޤ?????ɸ?ॷ?????ؤ??ѹ??ϵ??????Ƥ??ޤ????? ??ɸ?ॷ?????Ȥ? /etc/shells ?Ǹ??Ĥ??????ʤ????????Τ??ȤǤ???

???پ??󤬳?ǧ???줿?? chpass ?ϥ桼???ǡ????١????򹹿????뤿???? pwd_mkdb(8) ???Ѥ??ޤ???

?Ķ??ѿ?

?Ķ??ѿ? EDITOR ?????ꤷ??¾?Υ??ǥ????????ꤷ?Ƥ??????????????? vi(1) ???ǥ??????Ȥ????ޤ??????ǥ???????λ?????ȡ????ξ????Ϻ????ɤ߹??ޤ졢 ?桼???ǡ????١??????ѹ????뤿???ξ????Ȥ??ޤ??? ?桼???ξ??????ѹ??Ǥ????Τϡ????Υ桼?????????ѥ桼???ΤߤǤ???

PW_SCAN_BIG_IDS ?Ķ??ѿ????????Υ????ѥ??ȤˤĤ??Ƥϡ? pwd_mkdb(8) ???????򻲾Ȥ??Ƥ?????????

NIS ?Ȥ????ߺ???

?????Ĥ??????¤?Ŭ?Ѥ????ޤ????? chpass ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??? NIS ??Ʊ???˻Ȥ????Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ??????? chpass ?? rpc.yppasswdd(8) ???̤??? NIS ?Υѥ???ɥޥå??????ѹ??Ǥ????Τϡ? ?̾??ϥ桼???Υѥ???ɡ??????롢GECOS ?ե??????ɤ????Ǥ??? NIS ?ޥ????????о??ǥ????ѥ桼???ˤ??äƵ?ư???줿???????????? chpass (Ʊ?ͤ? passwd(1)) ?ϡ??桼?????????ѹ??????ӿ??쥳???ɤ??ɲäΤ????? rpc.yppasswdd(8) ?????Ф????ѽ????ޤ????? ?ʤ??? rpc.yppasswdd(8) ?ϡ??ɤΤ褦???ѹ????Ԥ????ˤ??ѥ????ǧ?ڤ??׵ᤷ?ޤ??? ?ѥ????̵?????ѹ??׵??Ǥ????桼???? NIS ?ޥ????????о??Υ????ѥ桼???????Ǥ?; ¾?????ƤΥ桼???ϥѥ???ɤ????Ϥ???ɬ?פ??????ޤ??? ¾?????ƤΥ桼???ˤ? NIS ???饤?????? (?????? NIS ???졼?֥?????) ???? root ???¤????ĥ桼?????ޤޤ??ޤ??? (NIS ?ޥ????????о??Υ????ѥ桼???????????????Х??ѥ??Ǥ?????ͳ?ϡ? ???˴??ؤ??Τ????Ǥ?: NIS ?ޥ????????Фؤ? root ???????????¤????ĥ桼???? ???? NIS ?ޥåפ򹹿????뤿???θ??¤????äƤ??ޤ??? ?????ˤ⤫?????餺?ޥåץ??????ե????????????Խ????뤳?Ȥ????ݤǤ???

??: ?????????㳰??Ŭ?Ѥ??????Τ? NIS ?ޥ????????Ф? FreeBSD ?????ƥ??λ??????Ǥ???)

???η??̤Ȥ??ơ????Ҥ??㳰????????NIS ?Ķ??? chpass ???Ȥ??????ˤϰʲ??????¤?Ŭ?Ѥ????ޤ?:

1. ???????? GECOS ???????????ѹ??Ǥ??ޤ??? ???Ȥ? chpass ???????ѥ桼???ˤ??äƵ?ư???줿?????Ǥ??äƤ??Ǥ??? ¾?Υե??????ɤ??ѹ??????ݡ??Ȥ??????褦?ˤʤäƤ⡢ ¾?? NIS ?????ƥ??Ȥθߴ??????????????????????Ǥ??礦?? ?????ѥ桼???????륨???ȥ????Խ????Ƥ??????ˡ? ¾?Υե??????ɤ˥ǡ??????񤤤Ƥ⡢;ʬ?ʾ????Ȥ??? (?ѥ???ɤ??㳰 -- ?ʲ??򻲾Ȥ??Ƥ???????) ???ޤä??Ѵ????????Ǥ??礦??

   ?㳰: NIS ?ޥ????????о??Υ????ѥ桼???ϡ? Ǥ?դΥե??????ɤ??ѹ??????????Ƥ??ޤ???

2. ?ѥ????ǧ?ڤ??׵ᤵ???ޤ??? ?ɤΤ褦???ѹ????Ԥ????ˤ? chpass ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??ϥ桼???? NIS ?ѥ???ɤ??׵ᤷ?ޤ??? ?⤷?ѥ???ɤ??ְ??äƤ????顢 ?ɤΤ褦???ѹ????Ԥ????ޤ?????

   ?㳰: NIS ?ޥ????????о??Υ????ѥ桼???ϥѥ????̵?????ѹ??׵??Ǥ??ޤ? (?????ѥ桼???ϡ????Ҥ????褦?? -o ?ե饰?????ꤹ?????ˤ??ꤳ?λ??ͤ?̵???ˤ????????????Ǥ??ޤ?)??

3. ???????쥳???ɤΥ????????ѥ???ɥǡ????١????ؤ??ɲäϴ????????ޤ????? NIS ??ư??Ƥ????Ȥ??ˡ??????Ԥ? chpass ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??ˤ??ä? ???????쥳???ɤ??????????Υѥ???ɥǡ????١??????ɲò?ǽ?Ǥ??? ???????????????쥳???ɤ??ޥ????ѥ???ɥե??????κǸ塢 ?̾??? NIS ?????̤? '+' ?????ȥ??θ????ɲä????뤿?ᡢ ?????Ĥ??κ????򾷤????ͤޤ????? vipw(8) ???Ȥäƥ????????Υѥ???ɥե????????ѹ??????٤??Ǥ???

   NIS ?ޥ????????о??Υ????ѥ桼???ˤ??? NIS ?ѥ???ɥޥåפؤο??쥳???ɤ??ɲä????Ĥ??????Τϡ? rpc.yppasswdd(8) ?????Ф? -a ?ե饰?դǵ?ư???줿???硢???ʤ????ɲä????Ĥ??Ƶ?ư???줿?????ΤߤǤ? (?̾????ɲä????ݤ??ޤ?)?? chpass ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??? ?ǥե????ȤǤϥ????????Υѥ???ɥǡ????١????򹹿????褦?Ȥ??ޤ?; NIS ?ޥåפ??ѹ??????????ˤ? chpass ?? -y ?ե饰?դǵ?ư???Ƥ?????????

4. ?ѥ???ɤ??ѹ??ϵ??Ĥ????Ƥ??ޤ????? ?桼????????ʬ?? NIS ?Υѥ???ɤ??ѹ??????Ȥ??ˤ? passwd(1) ?? yppasswd(1) ???Ȥ??٤??Ǥ????????ѥ桼???Ͽ??????ѥ???ɤ????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ??????? ?Ƥ??ޤ? (???Ȥ??? “Password:” ?ե??????ɤ????ǥ????Υƥ??ץ졼?Ȥ? ?????????Ƥ??ʤ??Ƥ⡢?????ѥ桼???ϼ?ư?Dzä??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ?)?? ???????ʤ??顢?????ѥ桼???Ǥ??äƤ??桼???θ??Υѥ???ɤ??ʤ????? rpc.yppasswdd(8) ?? NIS ?ޥåפι????????ݤ????Ǥ??礦??

   ?㳰: NIS ?ޥ????????о??Υ????ѥ桼???? chpass ?????Ѥ??ơ??桼???? NIS ?ѥ???ɤ??ѹ????????????????Ƥ??ޤ???

chpass ?? NIS ?򥵥ݡ??Ȥ??ƥ????ѥ??뤵?줿?Ȥ??ˡ????Ĥ????̤ʥե饰??ͭ?? ?ˤʤ??ޤ?:

-l

?????????? NIS ??ξ???Υǡ????١????˥桼????¸?ߤ??Ƥ??Ƥ⡢ ?桼???Υѥ???ɾ????Υ????????Υ??ԡ??????????뤳?Ȥ? chpass ?˶??????ޤ???

-y

-l ??ȿ?Фθ??̤??????ޤ????⤷ NIS ??ư??Ƥ????С? ?ǥե????ȤǤ? chpass ?? NIS ?Υ????ȥ?????????Τǡ? ???Υե饰?Ϥޤä?????Ĺ?Ǥ???

-d domain

NIS ?ɥᥤ???????ꤷ?ޤ??? chpass ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??ϥǥե????ȤǤϥ????ƥ??Υɥᥤ??̾?????Ѥ??ޤ??? ?????? domainname(1) ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??ˤ????ꤵ???Ƥ??ޤ??? -d ???ץ??????ϡ? ???Υǥե????Ȥ????񤭤??뤿?ᡢ ?⤷???ϥɥᥤ??̾?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??????˥ɥᥤ??̾?????ꤹ?뤿???? ???ѤǤ??ޤ???

-h host

?䤤???碌???٤? NIS ?????Ф?̾???⤷???ϥ??ɥ쥹?????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?̾? chpass ?? master.passwd ?⤷???? passwd ?ޥåפˤƻ??ꤵ???? NIS ?ޥ????ۥ??Ȥ??̿????ޤ??? NIS ???饤?????ȤȤ??ƹ????????Ƥ??ʤ??ۥ??Ⱦ??Ǥϡ? ???ξ????????ꤹ?뤿??????ˡ???ץ????????ˤϤ????ޤ????Τǡ? ?桼?????????ФΥۥ???̾?????ꤷ?ޤ??? ???ꤹ???ۥ???̾?? NIS ?ޥ????????ФǤ???ɬ?פ?̵?????????դ??Ƥ???????; NIS ?ɥᥤ?????Υޥ?????????̾?Ǥ⥹?졼?֥?????̾?Ǥ??ɤ??ΤǤ???

-d ???ץ????????ѻ??ˤϡ??ۥ???̾?Υǥե????Ȥ? “localhost” ?Ǥ??? -h ???ץ??????? -d ?ȤȤ??˻??Ѥ????桼???????ꤹ???ۥ???̾?Ǥ??Υǥե????Ȥ????񤭤Ǥ??ޤ???

-o

rpc.yppasswdd(8) ?? RPC ?١????ι????????????ޤ? (“???⡼??”) ?? NIS ?ޥ????????о??ǥ????ѥ桼???ˤ??굯ư???줿???硢 chpass ?????Ѥ??? RPC ?١????ε????????Ѥ??? NIS ?ѥ???ɥޥåפ??Ф???̵???¤??ѹ??????Ĥ??ޤ? (???ξ??? UNIX ?ɥᥤ?󥽥??åȤ????Ѥ??ޤ?)?? -o ?ե饰?????Ѥ??????ˤ??? chpass ??ɸ???ι????ᥫ?˥????????Ѥ??????????????ޤ??? ???Υ??ץ??????ϼ??˥ƥ?????Ū?Τ??????󶡤????Ƥ??ޤ???

??Ϣ?ե?????

/etc/master.passwd

?桼???ǡ????١???

/etc/passwd

Version 7 ?ե????ޥåȤΥѥ???ɥե?????

/etc/chpass.XXXXXX

?ѥ???ɥե??????Υƥ??ݥ????ѥ??ԡ?

/etc/shells

???ѤǤ??륷?????Υꥹ??

??Ϣ????

finger(1), login(1), passwd(1), getusershell(3), login.conf(5), passwd(5), pwd_mkdb(8), vipw(8) and Robert Morris and Ken Thompson, UNIX Password security.

?Х?

?桼??????????¸?Ϥɤ???¾?ξ????ˤ????٤??Ǥ? (???????Ĥ??Ϥ????ʤ??Ǥ??礦)??

????

chpass ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??? 4.3BSD-Reno ?????о줷?ޤ?????