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FD(1) |
FreeBSD General Commands Manual |
FD(1) |
fd - file & directory maintenance tool
fd [ -abCefhiklmNnPrSsTtuvx ] [
-NAME=value ] [ directory [ directory2
... ]]
fdsh [ -abCcefhiklmNnPrSsTtuvx ] [ args ]
Fd is a file & directory maintenance tool considered for the text
terminals on general UNIX. It aims for a clone of the same named utility which
is made for the PC/AT compatible machine and PC-9800 series. In fact, it is
upper compatible functionally.
Fd shows the browser screen listing files when you have
invoked it. You can input some key which is bound each command, to execute
various operations.
(In the following description, (UNIX) means that the
operation is implemented only on UNIX version and not effective on MS-DOS
version. As well as it, (DOS) means that the operation is implemented
only on MS-DOS version.)
The command line option is used for setting internal shell operations and
setting the internal variables described below. You can use any variable name
as the internal variable, but fd can accept only those which are
described in the below section of ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES. If you specify
directory, the current directory is moved to the directory initially.
If you specify directory2 ..., the split window mode is invoked, and
the current directories of the supplemental windows are moved to the each
directory.
The following options are available for the internal shell.
- -c string
- Commands described by string are executed and exit immediately. It
is effective only when it is invoked as fdsh.
- -i
- If the -i flag is present or if the standard input/output is a
terminal, the shell is the interactive shell.
- -s
- If the -s flag is present or if no args is specified,
commands for the shell are read from the standard input. Any remaining
argument specifies the positional parameter.
- -r
- The shell is a restricted shell. Specifically, the following operations
are disallowed.
changing the current directory
setting the value of $PATH, $SHELL and $ENV
specifying command names include /
redirecting output (> and >>)
IN_DIR OUT_DIR LOG_TOP
LOG_DIR ATTR_FILE COPY_FILE
MOVE_FILE DELETE_FILE DELETE_DIR
RENAME_FILE MAKE_DIR WRITE_DIR
TREE_DIR BACKUP_TAPE EDIT_FILE
UNPACK_FILE PACK_FILE LOG_TREE
COPY_TREE MOVE_TREE UNPACK_TREE
FIND_DIR ATTR_DIR
When invoked as rfd or rfdsh, it becomes
this restricted shell automatically.
- -l
- The shell is a login shell.
- -N
- Reading the initial configuration files is omitted.
In addition, the options described below in the description of
set the builtin command are available.
Fd has the 3 major screen modes. In the browser screen, you can select
from the file list and execute each command. In the archive browser screen,
files in the archive file are listed separately by directory, and you can
browse as well as the browser screen. In the tree screen, you can move on the
directory tree and select the directory path.
In all screen modes, each 3 lines on the top/bottom of the
screen are used for the various information of fd. The top
information lines sometimes become 4 lines. The screen layout is the
following.
- line#
- Description
- 1
- The title line. The clock at the right end is updated every 10
seconds.
- 2
- The information line. It displays information in this order: the current
page (and the total pages), the number of marks (ant the total marks), the
sorted type, the pattern string for file search.
- 3
- The path line. It displays the fullpath of the current directory. In the
archive browser screen, it displays the fullpath of the archive file and
the current path in the archive.
- 2 (optional)
- The file size information line. It displays the total size of the marked
files in the directory (and the total size of all files), the total
capacity and the free size of the file system including the current
directory. This line appears by SIZEINFO the internal variable
setting. When this line is displayed, The information line and the path
line are displayed 1 line under each.
- bottom - 2
- The stack line. It displays files temporarily which you push in stack,
when arranging files.
- bottom - 1
- The function line. It displays the operations of function keys.
- bottom
- The status line. It displays the status of the file on the cursor
position. It also displays warning messages when command is executed with
some troubles.
You can use the following internal commands on fd. While any user can
change the key binding for these internal commands, here shows the default key
binding. The identifier is used when it is executed from the command line of
EXECUTE_SH command, and when the user defines the key binding.
Identifier Command Key
CUR_UP Move a cursor up Up
CUR_DOWN Move a cursor down Down
CUR_RIGHT Move a cursor right Right
CUR_LEFT Move a cursor left Left
ROLL_UP Turn ahead to the next page PageDown
ROLL_DOWN Turn back to the prev. page PageUp
CUR_TOP Move a cursor top Beg(<)
CUR_BOTTOM Move a cursor bottom Eol(>)
FNAME_RIGHT Shift right a filename (
FNAME_LEFT Shift left a filename )
ONE_COLUMN Change layout into 1 column 1
TWO_COLUMNS Change layout into 2 columns 2
THREE_COLUMNS Change layout into 3 columns 3
FIVE_COLUMNS Change layout into 5 columns 5
MARK_FILE Mark a file Tab
MARK_FILE2 Mark and move down Space
MARK_FILE3 Mark and move in a page ^Space(^@)
MARK_ALL Mark all files Home(+)
MARK_REVERSE Mark all files reversely End(-)
MARK_FIND Mark the matched files ∗
IN_DIR Change to a sub directory Return
OUT_DIR Change to a parent directory Bs
LOG_TOP Change to a root directory \
REREAD_DIR Reread the current directory ^L
PUSH_FILE Push a file to the stack Del(])
POP_FILE Pop a file from the stack Ins([)
LOG_DIR Change to a logical directory F1(l)
EXECUTE_FILE Execute a file F2(x)
COPY_FILE Copy a file F3(c)
DELETE_FILE Delete a file F4(d)
RENAME_FILE Rename a file F5(r)
SORT_DIR Sort the current directory F6(s)
FIND_FILE Find files F7(f)
TREE_DIR Display the tree screen F8(t)
EDIT_FILE Edit a file F9(e)
UNPACK_FILE Unpack a file F10(u)
ATTR_FILE Change a file attribute F11(a)
INFO_FILESYS Display a file system info. F12(i)
MOVE_FILE Move a file F13(m)
DELETE_DIR Delete a directory F14(D)
MAKE_DIR Make a directory F15(k)
EXECUTE_SH Execute a child process F16(h)
WRITE_DIR Write a displayed directory F17(w)
BACKUP_TAPE Backup into a tape F18(b)
VIEW_FILE View a file F19(v)
PACK_FILE Pack a file F20(p)
LOG_TREE Change directory with tree L
COPY_TREE Copy a file with tree C
MOVE_TREE Move a file with tree M
UNPACK_TREE Unpack a file with tree U
FIND_DIR Find a file recursively F
ATTR_DIR Change attributes recursively A
SYMLINK_MODE Switch the symbolic link mode S
FILETYPE_MODE Switch the file type symbol T
DOTFILE_MODE Switch the dot file display H
FILEFLG_MODE Switch the file flag display O
LAUNCH_FILE Invoke the launcher Return
SEARCH_FORW Search forward a file ^S
SEARCH_BACK Search backward a file ^R
SPLIT_WINDOW Split into the windows /
NEXT_WINDOW Change to the next window ^
WIDEN_WINDOW Widen the current window W
NARROW_WINDOW Narrow the current window N
KILL_WINDOW Kill the current window K
EDIT_CONFIG Invoke the customizer E
HELP_MESSAGE Display a help screen ?
QUIT_SYSTEM Quit from fd Esc(q)
WARNING_BELL Bell for warning
NO_OPERATION Do nothing
The last 2 internal commands are used when you want change the
default key binding to cancel.
The detail of each internal command is the following. Internal commands with
similar function are described together.
- Move cursor
- Move a cursor.
- Turn page
- Turn to the previous/next page, when files are not completely held in a
screen. Also if you try to move out of the page with Cursor move, the page
will be turned.
- Move to the top/bottom
- Move a cursor to the top/bottom of the file list. When the list is not
held in a screen, the page is turned.
- Shift filename
- Shift the displayed string of filename on the cursor position, when the
filename is longer than the prepared column width. It is displayed as
shifted to right/left by 1 character. The display of the status line is
also shifted simultaneously.
- Change layout
- Change the number of columns into each value. There are usually 2
columns per screen. As the column width per file is changed according to
the number of columns, the displayed information is also changed.
- Mark file
- Mark the file on the cursor position. You cannot mark any directory.
[Space] marks and moves down a cursor. [^Space] also marks
and moves down a cursor, but doesn't turn the page. [Home] marks
all the files, [End] marks all the files reversely.
[∗] additionally marks the file which matches the wildcard.
You must input the wildcard string whenever you push [∗].
Marked files are used as the target of ATTR_FILE,
COPY_FILE, DELETE_FILE, MOVE_FILE,
UNPACK_FILE and the user defined command macros.
- Change directory
- [Return] changes the current directory to the directory on the
cursor position. If you want to change it to the parent directory, you
should move a cursor to the file of ".." and push
[Return], or simply push [Bs]. [\] changes the
current directory to the root directory.
- Push/pop file stack
- [Del] pushes the file on the cursor position to the file stack, and
temporarily deletes the file from the file list screen. You can push files
to the file stack up to 5 files.
[Ins] pops the file from the file stack and insert it
on the cursor position. The last pushed file is popped first. But this
order is expediently displayed in fd, and it is reset by
Directory move.
- Redraw screen
- Redraw the file list screen by rereading the information of the current
directory. It is useful when some other process add/delete files, or when
something break the screen display.
Moreover, when you use the terminal which doesn't raise
SIGWINCH signal at changing the screen size (like kterm(1)
on HP-UX etc.), you must intentionally redraw after you change the
screen size.
- Change logical directory (Logdir)
- Change the current directory to the inputted pathname. When you input the
pathname which starts with '/', it means not the relative move but the
absolute move.
When you input the pathname ".", the pathname
of the current directory is adjusted into absolute expression. Except
this case, the current directory always is shown as the virtual
pathname, by reason of a link and so on. When you input the pathname
"?", you can move to the current directory when
fd was invoked. When you input the pathname "-",
you can move to the last visited directory.
Moreover, When you input the pathname "@" in
floppy drive, you can move to the directory on UNIX file system, where
you existed before moving to floppy drive. (UNIX)
(Note: This command is called as "Loddsk" in the
original FD on MS-DOS, which is short for "LOGical DiSK
drive". This "logical" means the drive name prefixed to
pathnames, and it is virtually named against "physical disk
drive". On UNIX, since "logical disk drive" never means
pathname nor directory, this command name "Change logical
directory" is not suitable. But this name is expediently inherited
from the original version.)
- Execute file (eXec)
- Execute the file on the cursor position with some parameters, as the child
process. The cursor position in command line exists after the filename in
case of the executable file, and before the filename except it. You should
fill suitable parameters or command name in each case. The up/down cursor
keys can provide the command history which you executed before.
On MS-DOS version, the LFN form filename in the command line
which is quoted with the quotation mark " is automatically
replaced into 8+3 form filename before execution. In this case, when
there is the filename described by the string quoted with ",
this string is always replaced into 8+3 form filename after deleting
", otherwise it is never replaced including
".
- Copy file (Copy)
- Copy the file on the cursor position to the specified directory. When the
cursor position indicates a directory, its contents are copied
recursively. When some files are marked, the target is not the file on the
cursor position but the marked files.
When the same named file exists in the destination, you can
select the operation from the following: "Update (by
timestamp)", "Rename (each copied file)",
"Overwrite", "Not_copy_the_same_name",
"Forward". If you select "Forward", you should
specify the directory as the destination to forward. All files which
have the same names are moved to the specified directory.
- Delete file (Delete)
- Delete the file on the cursor position. No directory can be deleted. When
some files are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position
but the marked files.
When you don't have write permission on the file, you are
confirmed for security.
- Rename file (Rename)
- Rename the file on the cursor position. You cannot rename to the same name
as any existent file. When you specify the pathname with some directory
name, it is also moved to the directory.
- Sort file (Sort)
- Sort files in the current directory. You can select the sorted type from
the following: "fileName", "Extension",
"Size", "Timestamp", "Length (of filename)",
and specify "Up (incremental order)" or "Down (decremental
order)". When the sorted type before sorting is the one except
"No chg (not sort)", the choice will include "No chg".
When you sort after sorting another sorted type, the previous sorted
result is based in sorting. This sorting has a priority except specified
type, the directory is always precedes any file, except for the case of
"No chg". In case of "Length", files which have the
same filename length are sorted in order of their names.
But this sorting is expediently displayed in fd, and it
is reset by Directory move.
- Find file (Find)
- Find the files matching the wildcard, and display only them. The filename
which starts with '.' doesn't match the wildcard which starts with
'∗' nor '?'. If you want to cancel the File find, you should move
the current directory, or do FIND_FILE again and input a null line.
When the current directory has the files which have the
extension registered to associate with an archive browser, the string
which starts with '/' is used to find not the filename but the filename
in archive files, and only the archive files which contain matched files
are displayed. This function is available in the archive browser.
After Find file, you can not do WRITE_DIR.
- Display tree screen (Tree)
- Display the directory tree based on the current directory. You can select
the directory in the tree screen, to move the current directory.
- Edit file (Editor)
- Edit the file on the cursor position. The editor is used referring
EDITOR the internal variable, or referring EDITOR the
environment variable when the internal variable is undefined.
- Unpack file (Unpack)
- Unpack the archive file on the cursor position into the specified
directory. In builtin configuration, you can unpack only the tar file and
its compressed file and the LHa compressed file. You can describe
configurations in the initial configuration file to support archivers
except these.
- Change attribute (Attr)
- Change the file access mode, the timestamp and the owner/group of the file
on the cursor position. When some files are marked, the target is not the
file on the cursor position but the marked files. In case of the marked
files, you must select the mode, the timestamp or the owner/group, before
changing it all together.
When you input the mode, cursor keys move a cursor to the
position you want to change, [Space] reverses the attribute on
the position. You should notice that the attribute of the execution bit
is not a binary toggle but a triple toggle, which includes setuid bit,
setgid bit and sticky bit respectively. If the target is the marked
files, [m](Mask) will mask a bit on the cursor position with
'*', to keep the value of the original file attribute. When you
input the timestamp, you move a cursor to the position you want to
change, and input a numeric value. When you input the owner/group, you
move a cursor to the position for each name, and input a name or a ID
value with [Space]. You can use the completion for a user name
and a group name to input each name. Finally, [Return] executes
the change. You can cancel with [Esc]. Be careful that the limit
check of date is not perfect.
Moreover, [a](Attr), [d](Date),
[t](Time), [o](Owner) and [g](Group) move a cursor
to the each beginning of input line.
On the OS which has the attribute of file flags, you can
change the file flags as well as the mode. In this case,
[f](Flag) move a cursor to the beginning of input line of file
flags. But the value of flags which you can change is based on your
permission.
- File system information (Info)
- Display the information of the specified file system. When the inputted
pathname is not the special file which indicates a file system, the
information of the file system including the pathname is displayed.
- Move file (Move)
- Move the file on the cursor position to the specified directory. When the
cursor position indicates a directory, the directory itself is moved. When
some files are marked, the target is not the file on the cursor position
but the marked files.
When the same named file exists in the destination, you can
select the operation as well as COPY_FILE. When the destination
belongs to the different file system, copy and delete are just executed
continuously.
- Delete directory (rmDir)
- Delete the directory on the cursor position recursively. When the
directory in a symbolic link, only the link is deleted and the linked
directory has no effect.
- Make directory (mKdir)
- Make the sub directory on the current directory. When the inputted sub
directory string includes '/', which is the pathname delimiter, it goes on
making directory recursively until the directory described by the string
is finally created.
When you input the pathname which starts with '/', the
directory is made not on the current directory but on the absolute path
described.
- Execute child process (sHell)
- Execute the inputted command string as the child process, by handling the
internal shell. You can refer the command history and use automatic LFN
replacement, as well as EXECUTE_FILE. When you push only
[Return] without any input, the user shell which is described by
SHELL the internal variable or the environment variable is invoked.
In this case, you should input "exit" to return to
fd. When the value of SHELL is fdsh, the internal
shell is executed as the interactive shell.
However, when there is the same command name as a builtin
command or a internal command, the builtin command or the internal
command are executed instead of the external command. You can refer the
clause of `Builtin Commands' for the details of the builtin
command.
- Write directory (Write)
- Write the displayed directory. The gap between files on the directory
entry is filled. When it is executed after arranged by PUSH_FILE,
POP_FILE and SORT_DIR, the result is written.
When the displayed directory doesn't belong to the hierarchy
under your home directory, you are confirmed for security whether if any
other user doesn't use the directory. Since it is insecure, you cannot
write the NFS mounted directory and some special directories.
If you execute the internal command which arranges the file
order, and then try to execute the internal command which will break
that order, you will be confirmed whether if you write the directory or
not, just before the internal command is executed. For this function,
you can write the directory without intentionally executing this
Directory write command. But when the displayed directory is not under
your home directory, this confirmation is not done.
- Backup tape (Backup)
- Backup the file on the cursor position into the specified storage device.
When the cursor position indicates a directory, all of its contents is
backuped. When some files are marked, the target is not the file on the
cursor position but the marked files.
Tar(1) is used for backup. When you specify the
filename except special files indicates devices as input of the device
name, the archive file is created with that filename.
- View file (View)
- View the file on the cursor position. The pager is used referring
PAGER the internal variable, or referring PAGER the
environment variable when the internal variable is undefined.
- Pack file (Pack)
- Pack the file on the cursor position into the specified archive file. When
the cursor position indicates a directory, all of its contents is packed
into the archive file. When some files are marked, the target is not the
file on the cursor position but the marked files.
According to the extension of the inputted archive file, the
associated archiver is automatically selected. In builtin configuration,
you can pack only the tar file and its compressed file and the LHa
compressed file. You can describe configurations in the initial
configuration file to support archivers except these.
When you use tar(1), you may sometimes be unable to
pack a lot of files at once, because of the maximum parameter length
which can be given at once. In those case, you can create the archive
file with BACKUP_TAPE.
- Operations with tree
- [L], [C], [M] and [U] can make you select the
pathname from the directory tree instead of the string input. They execute
the internal command equivalent to LOG_DIR, COPY_FILE,
MOVE_FILE and UNPACK_FILE, respectively.
- Find file recursively
- Find the file matching the wildcard recursively under the current
directory, and move the directory where the found file exists. When the
cursor position indicates a directory, it find the file under the
directory on the cursor position instead of the current directory.
You will be confirmed for each matching file whether if you
move or not, and you can select [n](No) unless the target file is
displayed.
- Change attributes recursively
- Change attributes the directory on the cursor position revursively. As
well as changing attributes of the marked files, you must select the mode,
the timestamp or the owner/group, before changing it all together with
each file under the directory.
When you input the mode, you should notice that the attribute
of the execution bit is not a triple toggle but a 5-states toggle, which
includes 'X' and '!'. 'X' means setting the bit
only if the object is a directory or some execution bits are set.
'!' also means unsetting the bit only if the object is a
directory or some execution bits are set. [m](Mask) will mask a
bit on the cursor position with '*', to keep the value of the
original file attribute.
- Invoke launcher
- [Return] executes the operation according to the extension of the
file on the cursor position, unless the cursor position indicates a
directory. In builtin configuration, the archive browser is registered
with the tar file and its compressed file and the LHa compressed file. You
can describe configurations in the initial configuration file to register
launchers except these.
When the file on the cursor position has the unregistered
extension, it will behave as same as VIEW_FILE. In the archive
browser, the registered launcher is available, so that you can invoke
the archive browser recursively.
- Switch symbolic link mode
- In case of the symbolic link file, the file information displayed in the
file column and the status line shows not the status of its referential
file but the status of the link itself. It switches to show the status of
the referential file. (UNIX)
In the mode of showing the status of the referential file,
'S'(Symbolic Link) is displayed on the left end of the function
line.
- Switch file type symbol mode
- Switch to display the symbol which means the file type after the filename
in the file list, like as the display in -F option of ls(1).
It is toggle to switch if display the symbol or not. The each symbol means
the following.
/ directory
@ symbolic link
∗ executable file
= socket
⎪ FIFO
(MS-DOS version and the floppy drive)
/ directory
∗ executable file
= system file
⎪ label
In the mode of displaying the file type symbol,
'T'(Type) is displayed on the left end of the function line.
- Switch dot file display mode
- Switch not to display the file whose filename starts with '.' in the file
list. It is toggle to switch if display the dot file or not.
In the mode of not displaying the dot file, 'H'(Hidden)
is displayed on the left end of the function line.
- Switch file flag display mode
- Switch to display the file flag, which exists in some OS, instead of the
file mode on each file. It is toggle to switch if display the file flag or
the file mode. This is not available on any OS without the file flag. The
each symbol means the following respectively. (UNIX)
A Archived
N Nodump
a system Append-only
c system unChangeable (immutable)
u system Undeletable
a user Append-only
c user unChangeable (immutable)
u user Undeletable
In the mode of displaying the file flag,
'F'(Flags) is displayed on the left end of the function line.
- Search file
- Search the current directory incrementally for the filename, with moving a
cursor. When you execute this command, to switch to the search mode, a
prompt appears in the function line. You can input the filename in this
prompt, and a cursor will move to the filename matching the string which
is already inputted at that present. [Esc] switches to the normal
mode.
- Split window
- Split the current window. When you split a window in the normal non-split
window mode, it will be the split window mode in which the screen is split
into 2 windows vertically. In the split window mode, you can operate works
individually on each window. When you split a window in the split window
mode, the current working window is split into 2 windows vertically. You
can make split windows up to 5.
- Change window
- Change effective window to the next in the split window mode. When the
current window is the last, the first window will be effective. In the
non-split window mode, it is ineffective.
- Widen window
- Widen the current window size in the split window mode, to narrow the next
window size. When the current window is the last, the first window size
will be narrowed. In the non-split window mode, it is ineffective.
- Narrow window
- Narrow the current window size in the split window mode, to widen the next
window size. When the current window is the last, the first window size
will be widened. In the non-split window mode, it is ineffective.
- Kill window
- Kill the current window in the split window mode, to join it to the
previous window. When the current window is the first, it will be joined
to the last window. If the result number of windows is one, it will be the
non-split window mode. In the non-split window mode, it is
ineffective.
- Invoke customizer
- Invoke the customizer which interactively changes the configurations to be
set up by the internal variable and the builtin command. While the
configurations which is set up here is reflected immediately, you must
intentionally save configurations in the customizer if you want to reflect
in the initial configuration file.
- Display help
- Display the list of the current key bindings and their command
descriptions. When the list is not completely held in a screen, it prompts
for every screen.
In case of the circulated executable binary file, this screen
shows the E-mail address of the circulation manager in the function
line. Please contact here when something will happen.
- Quit (Quit)
- Quit from fd.
In EXECUTE_SH and the initial configuration file, you can use the
internal commands described above and the builtin commands described below, as
well as the external commands. With these commands, a pipeline can consist of
one or more commands separated by ⎪ or ⎪&.
⎪ connects the standard output of the previous command to the
standard input of the next command. ⎪& connects both the
standard output and the standard error output of the previous command to the
standard input of the next command. The exit status of a pipeline is the exit
status of the last command. You can start a pipeline with !, then the
exit status of a pipeline will be the logical NOT of the exit status of the
last command. Moreover, a command list can consist of one or more pipelines
separated by ;, &, &⎪, &&,
⎪⎪. This command list can end with ;, &
or &⎪. These separators mean the following.
- ;
- Execute commands sequentially.
- &
- Execute commands synchronously, not waiting for the preceding pipeline to
finish. (UNIX)
- &⎪
- Same as &, except to immediately disown the job.
(UNIX)
- &&
- Execute the following pipeline only if the preceding pipeline returns a
0 exit status.
- ⎪⎪
- Execute the following pipeline only if the preceding pipeline returns a
non-0 exit status.
In these command lists, a newline means as same as ;.
The input/output of each command in the command list can be
redirected with the following redirectees. These redirectees can be placed
on any position in the command string.
- n<file
- Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor n into the
input from file. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the
standard input is specified.
- n>file
- Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor n into the
output to file. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the
standard output is specified. If file doesn't exist it is created,
otherwise it is truncated to 0 length before output.
- n>⎪file
- Same as >, except to force to overwrite existent files even if
-C option is set by set the builtin command.
- n>>file
- Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor n into the
output to file. If n is omitted, it is regarded as the
standard output is specified. If file doesn't exist it is created,
otherwise output is appended to it.
- n1<&n2
- Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor n1 into the
input indicated by the file descriptor n2. If n1 is omitted,
it is regarded as the standard input is specified.
- n1>&n2
- Redirect the output indicated by the file descriptor n1 into the
output indicated by the file descriptor n2. If n1 is
omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified.
- &>file
- Redirect both the standard output and the standard error output into the
output to file. If file doesn't exist it is created,
otherwise it is truncated to 0 length before output.
- &>⎪file
- Same as &>, except to force to overwrite existent files even
if -C option is set by set the builtin command.
- &>>file
- Redirect both the standard output and the standard error output into the
output to file. If file doesn't exist it is created,
otherwise output is appended to it.
- n<>file
- Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n
into the input/output from/to file. If n is omitted, it is
regarded as the standard input is specified.
- n><file
- Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n
into the input/output from/to file. If n is omitted, it is
regarded as the standard output is specified.
- n1<>&n2
- Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n1
into the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n2. If
n1 is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is
specified.
- n1><&n2
- Redirect both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n1
into the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n2. If
n1 is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is
specified.
- n<-
- n<&-
- Close the input indicated by the file descriptor n. If n is
omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is specified.
- n>-
- n>&-
- Close the output indicated by the file descriptor n. If n is
omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is specified.
- n<>-
- n<>&-
- Close both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n. If
n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input is
specified.
- n><-
- n><&-
- Close both the input/output indicated by the file descriptor n. If
n is omitted, it is regarded as the standard output is
specified.
- n<<[-]word
- Redirect the input indicated by the file descriptor n into the
input which is read up to a input line as same as word, or to an
end of file. If any part of word is quoted, no input line is
evaluated. Otherwise, each input line is evaluated to expand variables or
replace strings. When you specify -, all tabs on the beginning of
input lines is stripped to be send to a command. If n is omitted,
it is regarded as the standard input is specified.
When you specify the file with each redirect, you can describe the
filename as `scheme://host:port' form to open the
following TCP sockets, according to the string of scheme. The
authentication of your OS will restrict specifying the accepting port.
(UNIX)
- connect://host:port
- This socket is connected to the remote host specified by host with
the TCP port number specified by port.
- accept://[host][:port]
- This socket is accepted to the local host specified by host with
the TCP port number specified by port. If host is omitted,
this socket will be accepted to any host. If port is omitted, the
port within the range determined by the OS is used.
- bind://[host][:port]
- This socket is bound to the local host specified by host with the
TCP port number specified by port, preparing accept the
builtin command. If host is omitted, this socket will be accepted
to any host. If port is omitted, the port within the range
determined by the OS is used.
On each command line, the string from '#' to the end of
line and a null line are ignored. When the line ends with '\', it is
referred as continuing into the next line, so that you can split a long line
with this.
Fd has the following builtin commands. These builtin commands can be used
in EXECUTE_SH and the initial configuration file.
- if list then [elif list then
list] ... [else list] fi
- The list of if clause and elif clauses are executed
in order, and if each exit status is a 0, then the list of
then clause associated with it is executed and the elif
clauses after it are ignored. If no list of if clause nor
elif clauses return a 0, the list of else clause is
executed. If no list of then clauses nor else clause
is executed, then if returns a 0 exit status.
- while list do list done
- The list of while clause is executed repeatedly, and while
its exit status is 0, the list of do clause is executed
repeatedly. If the list of do clause is never executed, then
while returns a 0 exit status.
- until list do list done
- The list of until clause is executed repeatedly, and while
its exit status is NOT 0, the list of do clause is executed
repeatedly. If the list of do clause is never executed, then
until returns a 0 exit status.
- for NAME [in value ...] do list
done
- NAME the internal variable is substituted for values of
value one by one, and list is executed according to the each
value. If in value is omitted, then each positional
parameter is substituted one by one.
- case word in [pattern [⎪
pattern] ... ) list ;;] ... esac
- The string word is compared with the each pattern,
list associated with the pattern which first matches it is
executed.
- (list)
- Execute list in a sub shell.
- { list; }
- Execute list in the current shell.
- NAME=[value] [com ...]
- Define a internal variable which is available only in fd. It
substitutes the value (string) value for NAME the internal
variable. When you describe the command com after the definition of
a variable, com is executed on the state where this variable is
regarded as the environment variable. In this case, the definition of
NAME is not remain as the environment variable nor the internal
variable.
If value is omitted, the value of NAME the
internal variable is defined as a null. If you want to delete the
definition of a internal variable, use unset the builtin
command.
- name() { list; }
- Define a function whose body is list, as the name of name.
The defined function can be used in the command line of EXECUTE_SH
and each command macro described below. You can use the positional
parameter $n in each description of list, which
indicates the argument when the function is invoked. $0 is
name itself, and $1-$9 indicates each argument.
Although you cannot omit { } and list, you can
omit { } before/after list which consists of a single
command. If you want to delete the definition of a function, use
unset the builtin command.
- !num
- Execute the command which has the history number specified with the
numeric value num. When num is negative value, it executes
the command which has the history number as the current history number
minus num.
- !!
- Execute the previous command. This is synonym for !-1.
- !str
- Execute the command history which starts with the string str.
- : [arg ...]
- No effect. But it evaluates arg and performs redirection.
- . file
- source file
- Read and evaluate commands from file. File must exists on
the directory which PATH includes, or be described with pathname.
The each line format is based on the format of EXECUTE_SH. You can
describe this in the file as nesting.
- accept [fd]
- Accept the connection with the file descriptor indicated by fd, and
the connected socket will be assign to fd of the same file
descriptor. At the same time, the accepted socket will be closed. When
fd is not the redirection as the form of bind://, this
command will be failed. In comparison with the redirection as the form of
accept://, the shell can receive controls before establishing
connection to negotiate the TCP port number with the remote host in
advance. (UNIX)
If fd is omitted, the connection will be accepted with
the standard input.
- addcr [-1] [file]
- Output the string read from the file specified by file, line by
line. The newline of each line is unified into CR-NL (\r\n). It is useful
to pipe the output to some socket.
If file is omitted, it is regarded as the standard
input is specified. If -1 is specified, it will output just 1
line and exit.
- alias [name[=com]]
- Define a alias whose body is com, as the name of name. The
defined alias can be used in the command line of EXECUTE_SH and
each command macro described below. The alias substitution is performed
recursively.
If com is omitted, the alias of name is
displayed. If both com and name are omitted, all the
current alias definition list is displayed.
- arch ext [pack unpack]
- Register the archiver command associated with the archive file which has
ext the extension. The pack command is specified as pack,
and the unpack command is specified as unpack, using the macro
representation quoted with ". When ext starts with
/, uppercase/lowercase is ignored in the comparison of any
extension.
If both pack and unpack are omitted, the
archiver command registration for ext the extension is
deleted.
- bg [job]
- Continue the execution of the job specified with job in the
background. The following format is available to specify a job.
(UNIX)
%
%+ the current job
%- the previous job
%n the job with job number n
%str the job whose command line starts with str
But, you must describe these % in the command line
of EXECUTE_SH as the duplicated expression, such as %%, for the
reason of the parameter macro function described below.
If job is omitted, the current job is continued in the
background.
- bind c [com1 [com2]
[:comment]]
- Bind the command com1 to the key c. When you want to specify
a control character for c, you can prefix ^ into 2
characters, such as ^A. When you want to specify a character with the META
key (or the ALT key on MS-DOS version), you can prefix @ into 2
characters, such as @a. When you want to specify a function key and a
special key, you can use each identifier described in keymap
command after, such as F10. Or you can describe the escape sequence, such
as \n and \e, and the octal expression, such as \ooo.
In case of binding the internal command of fd, you can
the command identifier as it is. When you want to define the internal
command with some arguments or define the command in the macro
representation, you should describe the string quoted with
". If com2 is not omitted, com2 is executed
when the cursor position indicates a directory. When the key c is
the function key of F1-F20, if you describe comment prefixed with
: trailing the command description, you can change the display of
associated part in the function line into comment.
However, note that, with the key binding for the control key,
the configuration in the edit mode described below is prior to the key
binding.
If both com1 and com2 are omitted, the
registration of key binding for the key c is deleted.
- break [n]
- Exit from the loop, it is used in the for statement and so on. If
n is specified, it breaks n levels from the loop.
- browse [-@ file]
- browse com [-ftbie arg] [-p
com2] [-dn {noprep,loop}] ...
- Execute com the command, and invoke the archive browser who
receives its output. You should the macro representation quoted with
" as com. -f, -t, -b, -i
and -e options are the same as the one for launch the
builtin command. In case that multiple coms are specified, the next
com the command is executed one after another when you select each
files in the archive browser, and the formats and patterns described after
each com the command are adopted. In order to return to the
previous level of archive browser, you should select the file named as
.. or push the key [Bs]. Or you can use QUIT_SYSTEM
the command to escape from all of the archive browsers invoked by
browse. You must describe -f option, except for the last
com the command. When the last com has no -f option,
the command has been just executed instead of invoking an archive browser,
and then will return to the previous archive browser when it is done.
When you specify -p option, the execution of
com2 the command precedes the execution of the next com
the command when you select a file. While com is executed in the
sub shell for a pipeline, com2 is executed in the current shell
to inherit the values of internal variables set in this command after
com2 has been done. The filenames which is selected toward this
level of archive browser are held in positional parameters sequentially,
and the last selected filename is held in $1. These parameters
will be newly set whenever you select a file, so that they are reset in
sequential order when you select the next file even if you replace them
with set or shift the builtin command. -d and
-n options specify a control if the selected file is a directory
or not respectively. When you specify noprep, com2
specified by -p option is not executed. When you specify
loop, you don't step the next com the command but the same
com the command again.
And when you think troublesome to describe too many arguments
for browse, you can specify file the file in which some
arguments are described with -@ option. You can describe
-@ option in any place of arguments, the arguments described in
file are inserted in the place where -@ is described. If
you specify - as file, arguments are read from the
standard input instead of the file. You should describe arguments in
file with spaces or newlines as separator. The null line and the
line started with # will be ignored. When you describe -@
option in file, the argument file is referred recursively.
- builtin arg ...
- Execute arg as a simple builtin command. When the same named
function is defined, the function will not be executed.
- cd [-LP] [dir]
- chdir [-LP] [dir]
- Change the current directory in fd to dir. If dir is
omitted, it moves to the directory indicated by HOME the internal
variable. If you specify the pathname as ".",
"?", "-", "@", it
behaves like as LOG_DIR.
If -L is specified, the logical pathname following
symbolic links is used. If -P is specified, the physical pathname
following no symbolic links is used. Otherwise, the physical
option for set the builtin command is effective.
- checkid [file ...]
- Calculate the unique ID of the specified file and display it, according to
the MD5 algorithm in RFC1321. When you specify multiple files, the
IDs of all specified files are calculated and displayed. When you specify
nothing, the ID of running fd itself is displayed.
Since this algorithm is guaranteed to be secure, it is
available to confirm the identity of files.
- cls
- Clear the screen.
- command [-p | -v | -V] arg ...
- Execute arg as a simple command. When the same named function is
defined, the function will not be executed. If -p is specified, the
default value of PATH is used to search the path. If -v is
specified, the absolute path for arg is displayed instead of
executing arg. In this case, arg the builtin command will
cause simply its name. If -V is specified, verbose description for
arg is displayed as same as type.
- continue n
- Resume the next iteration in the loop, it is used in the for
statement and so on. If n is specified, it resumes the next
iteration in the loop n - 1 levels out of the loop.
- copy [-ABVY-Y] src [-AB] [+ src2
[-AB] [+ ...]] [dest [-AB]]
- Copy the file indicated by src into the file or the directory
indicated by dest. When dest indicates a directory, the
filename in the destination is src. If dest is omitted, it
is copied into the current directory. You can specify multiple source
files by describing to separate them with +, or by using the
wildcard. When you separate them with +, those files are
concatenated and copied. When you use the wildcard, they are copied one by
one in case that the destination is a directory, and they are concatenated
in case that the destination is a file.
When you specify -A, it is treated as the ASCII text
file. When you specify -B, it is treated as the binary file. When
you specify -V, it is verified to copy. When you specify
-Y, it doesn't prompts for confirming to overwrite into the
destination. When you specify --Y, it prompts for confirmation
before overwriting into the destination.
(MS-DOS version requires to use / instead of -
as an option prefix for compatibility with COMMAND.COM.)
- del [-P] file
- erase [-P] file
- Delete the files indicated by file. You can specify multiple files
by using wildcard.
When you specify -P, it prompts for confirmation before
deleting files.
(MS-DOS version requires to use / instead of -
as an option prefix for compatibility with COMMAND.COM.)
- dir [-[-]PWSBLV4] [-A[DRHSA-]]
[-O[NSEDGA-]] [dir]
- List files and sub directories in the directory indicated by dir.
If dir is omitted, the information in the current directory is
listed.
When you specify -P, it prompts for every screen. When
you specify -W, it is listed in the wide view. When you specify
-A, it lists only the files which have the attribute indicated by
the trailing character.
D directory R read only file
H hidden file S system file
A ready to archive - except it
When you specify -O, it sorts with the sorted type
indicated by the trailing character.
N by name S by size
E by extension D by date & time
G directory first A by last access time
- reverse order
When you specify -S, it lists files in all sub
directories. When you specify -B, it displays only names of files and
directories. When you specify -L, it uses lowercase. When you specify
-V, it lists the verbose information. When you specify -4, it
displays year with 4 digits. And you can prefix - to any option letter
to override the option.
(MS-DOS version requires to use / instead of - as an
option prefix for compatibility with COMMAND.COM.)
- dirs
- Display the list of the current directory stack. Pushd and
popd the builtin command can load/unload directories onto the
directory stack.
- disown [job]
- Remove the job specified with job from the shell control. The job
to be disowned cannot be controlled by jobs, fg and
bg. If invoked as a login shell, any jobs not to be disowned
will be forced to exit when the shell finish. (UNIX)
If job is omitted, the current job is removed from the
shell control.
- dtype file
- Display the contents of the file indicated by file.
- echo [-nN] [arg ...]
- Echo arg to the standard output. When you don't specify -n,
newline is added to output trailing after arg. When you specify
-N, the outputted newline becomes CR-NL (\r\n). See echo(1)
for details.
- enable [-n] [arg ...]
- Enable arg as a builtin command. When you specify -n, it is
disabled. If arg is omitted, all of the enabled or disabled builtin
commands is listed.
- eval [arg ...]
- Evaluate arg and execute the results.
- evalmacro [arg ...]
- Evaluate parameter macros included in arg and execute the results.
Since eval doesn't evaluate any parameter macro, you should choose
them according to uses. When in the function, you cannot use any parameter
macro, then you need this command to extract parameter macros.
- exec [com [arg ...]]
- Execute com in place of the execution of fd. You can specify
arg as arguments of com.
- exit [n]
- Exit from fd. When you specify n, it exits with the exit
status n.
- export [NAME[=[value]] ...]
- Mark NAME the internal variable to be inherited to child processes
as the environment variable. Since then, the definition of NAME can
be referred in any child process. When you export the undefined
internal variable, it doesn't become the environment variable until the
internal variable is defined. When you want to define the value at the
same time, you should specify value.
If only = is specified and value is omitted, the
value of NAME the environment variable is defined as a null. If
no argument is specified, all of the exported environment
variables is listed. When you want to delete the definition of the
environment variable, you can use unset the builtin command.
- false
- Only return with a 1 exit status.
- fc [-l | -s [old=new ...]]
[-nr ] [-e editor] [first [last]]
- List or edit command histories. First and last select the
range of command histories. This specification can be described as a
numeric value or a string. A positive value means the command history
number, and a negative value means the command history which has the
history number as the current history number minus the value. A string
mean the command history which starts with the string. If -n is
specified, command histories are listed without their history numbers. If
-r is specified, command histories are listed in reverse order. If
-e is specified, the editor named by editor is used to edit
command histories, otherwise the editor specified by FCEDIT or
EDITOR the internal variable is used.
When -l is specified, selected command histories are
listed to the standard output. In this case, omitting last means
to specify the current history number, and also omitting first
means to specify -16.
When -s is specified, the command history selected by
first is executed immediately. In this case, omitting
first means to specify the current history number. The first
occurrence of the string old in the command history will be
replaced by the string new before execution.
When neither -l nor -s is not specified,
selected command histories are edited, and then each edited commands are
executed one by one with display in the standard output. In this case,
omitting last means to specify first, and also omitting
first means to specify the current history number for both.
- fd [directory [directory2]]
- Invoke fd from the internal shell. If you specify directory,
the current directory is moved to the directory initially. If you specify
directory2, the split window mode is invoked, and the current
directory of the supplemental window is moved to the directory. You can
return to the internal shell by QUIT_SYSTEM. It is effective only
when it is invoked as fdsh.
- fg [job]
- Continue the execution of the job specified with job in the
foreground. The following format is available to specify a job.
(UNIX)
%
%+ the current job
%- the previous job
%n the job with job number n
%str the job whose command line starts with str
But, you must describe these % in the command line
of EXECUTE_SH as the duplicated expression, such as %%, for the
reason of the parameter macro function described below.
If job is omitted, the current job is continued in the
foreground.
- getfreq [file]
- Output the contents of the translation frequency file, specified by
file, to the standard output for the users Kana-Kanji translation
learning. The output format provides one record per line, which consists
of "Yomi-Gana", "word" and "frequency"
separated by tab. You can use this output as the argument of
setfreq to import the frequency information. If file is
omitted, it is regarded as the translation frequency file specified by
FREQFILE the internal variable. (UNIX)
- getkey [num]
- Get the key code sequence for the pushed key. It prompts after executed,
and displays the key code sequence for the key which you push to specify.
It continues until you push any key num times. When num is
more than 1 time, you can stop it with pushing [Space]. When
num is 0 time, it continues forever until [Space] is
pushed. The displayed sequence can be used as the key code sequence for
keymap command. (UNIX)
If num is omitted, it is regarded as 1 time is
specified.
- getopts optstr NAME [arg ...]
- Used to parse the optional parameters from a sequence of arg. The
valid characters as option is described in optstr. An option
character which needs an argument is described with following : in
optstr. Each time getopts is invoked, the new option
character parsed from arg is substituted for NAME the
internal variable. When the option has an argument, the argument is
substituted for OPTARG the internal variable. And the index of the
next parameter is substituted for OPTIND the internal variable
every time. The value of OPTIND is initialized to 1 whenever
the shell is invoked, another parsing of option parameters needs
initializing OPTIND to 1 manually. If arg is omitted,
positional parameters are parsed to the optional parameters.
When the end of option is encountered, getopts will
exit with the value of 1. In this case, ? is substituted
for NAME. When an option character which is not included in
optstr is found, an error message is written to the standard
error, then ? is substituted for NAME and OPTARG is
unset. But, if OPTARG is started with :, no error message
is written, and the found option character is substituted for
OPTARG instead. When no argument is found with the option
character which needs an argument, an error message is written to the
standard error, then ? is substituted for NAME and
OPTARG is unset. But, if OPTARG is started with :,
no error message is written, then the found option character is
substituted for OPTARG instead, and : is substituted for
NAME.
- hash [-r ⎪ com ...]
- Search the absolute path for com referring to PATH, which
indicates the search path when the external command is executed, and
register the result in the hash table.
When you specify -r instead of com, all the
memorized hash table is discarded. If com is omitted, the hash
table information is listed. hits, cost, command
indicate the number of times the command has been executed, the measure
of the work required to search it in the search path, and the absolute
path for the command, respectively. When the command is searched in a
relative directory, it is necessary to re-search whenever the current
directory is moved, because it is not registered as the absolute path.
In such command, ∗ trailing hits is displayed.
- history [n]
- List the last n command histories with the history number.
If n is omitted, all of the memorized command histories
is listed.
- jobs
- List the running jobs. (UNIX)
- kconv [-i in] [-o out] [infile
[outfile]]
- Read from infile and convert its Kanji code from in to
out, and output to outfile. In in and out, you
can specify the string which used in FNAMEKCODE the internal
variable described below. If each of them is omitted, it is regarded as
that the Kanji code specified in compile is specified. If outfile
is omitted, it outputs to the standard output. If also infile is
omitted, it reads from the standard input. (UNIX)
- keymap [c [str]]
- Map the sequence str as key code of the special key c. You
can use only the following identifiers as c. (UNIX)
UP Up DOWN Down
RIGHT Right LEFT Left
BEG Begin EOL Eol
HOME Home END End
INS Insert DEL Delete
INSLIN InsLine DELLIN DelLine
PPAGE PageUp NPAGE PageDown
ENTER Enter BS Bs
CLR Clear HELP Help
PLUS + (tenkey) MINUS - (tenkey)
ASTER ∗ (tenkey) SLASH / (tenkey)
COMMA , (tenkey) DOT . (tenkey)
EQUAL = (tenkey) RET Return (tenkey)
TK0..TK9 0-9 (tenkey)
F1...F20 function key
You can use the escape sequence in the key code sequence,
such as \n =0x0a and \e =0x1b. You can also use the octal
expression, such as \ooo. You can describe the control character
prefixing ^, such as ^A. ^ itself can be described as \^.
If str is omitted, the key code sequence for c is
displayed. If both str and c are omitted, all of the mappings
for special keys is listed. When you specify str as
"", the key code mapping for c is canceled.
- kill [-l ⎪ -signal] [pid
⎪ job ...]
- Send the signal indicated by signal to the process indicated by the
process number pid or to the job indicated by job.
Signal is described as a numeric value or a signal name.
If signal is omitted, SIGTERM is send. When you
specify -l, it lists the signal names which can be used as
signal instead of sending a signal.
- launch ext [com [format [top
bottom]]]
- launch ext com [-f format] [-t
top] [-b bottom] [-ie patt]
- Register the behavior for ext the extension as the launcher. You
should the macro representation quoted with " as com.
When you register an archive browser, you should describe the command to
list the archived files as com, and describe the format of the list
as format. When you describe top and bottom, you can
specify unnecessary lines in the list as the number of lines from the
top/bottom line. When ext starts with /, uppercase/lowercase
is ignored in the comparison of any extension.
If com is omitted, the launcher registration for
ext is canceled.
When you register an archive browser, you can use the latter
form to describe more detailed control. You can specify multiple formats
as candidates with multiple -f options. These candidates for
format are compared in order of appearance, if no one is matched
completely then the nearest one is adopted. -i and -e
options specify patt the pattern for the line to be ignored and
for the line to be treated as error respectively. When the list includes
unnecessary lines you can specify also top and bottom, but
you must specify lines except top/bottom lines with -i option. In
case that a failure to unpack files in the archive file causes
outputting some strings, you can specify the strings with -e
option. -i and -e options can specify multiple patterns,
and they are effective if one of them is matched. And you can use a
wildcard in the description for each patt the pattern.
- md dir
- Create the directory dir.
- mkdir dir
- Same as md. (DOS)
- newgrp [arg ...]
- Execute newgrp(1) in place of the execution of fd. You can
specify arg as arguments of newgrp(1). See newgrp(1)
for details. (UNIX)
- login [arg ...]
- Execute login(1) in place of the execution of fd. You can
specify arg as arguments of login(1). See login(1)
for details. (UNIX)
- logout [n]
- Exit from a login shell. When you specify n, it exits with the exit
status n.
- popd
- Unload the top directory onto the directory stack, and change the current
directory in fd to the directory. This command is failed when the
directory stack is empty.
- printarch [ext]
- Print the archiver commands registered for the archive file which has
ext the extension.
If ext is omitted, all of the registered archiver
commands is listed.
- printbind [c]
- Print the command binded to the key c. You can specify the key as
well as bind.
If c is omitted, all of the registered key bindings is
listed, which is defined not as the internal command but as the command
macro. The key bindings of internal commands can be referred in
HELP_MESSAGE.
- printdrv [c]
- Print the device file and the number of heads/sectors/cylinders of the
floppy drive registered for the drive name c. (UNIX)
If c is omitted, all of the registered floppy drives is
listed.
- printlaunch [ext]
- Print the command macro registered as the launcher for ext the
extension. When it is registered as the archive browser, the format for
listing is also printed.
If ext is omitted, all of the registered launchers is
listed.
- printroman [roman]
- Print the Roman-Kana translation table for the Kana-Kanji IME mode. It
means printing the Japanese string bound for roman the Roman
string. (UNIX)
If roman is omitted, all the registered Roman-Kana
translation table is listed.
- pushd [dir]
- Load the current directory onto the directory stack, and change the
current directory in fd to dir. If you specify the pathname
as ".", "?", "-",
"@", it behaves like as LOG_DIR. The
physical option for set the builtin command is effective for
symbolic links.
If dir is omitted, change the current directory to the
top directory of the directory stack, and replace it with the current
directory. In this case, this command is failed when the directory stack
is empty.
- pwd [-LP]
- Display the current directory with the absolute representation. If
-L is specified, the logical pathname following symbolic links is
displayed. If -P is specified, the physical pathname following no
symbolic links is displayed. Otherwise, the physical option for
set the builtin command is effective.
- read [-N] [NAME ...]
- Read one line from the standard input and substitute that string for
NAME the internal variable. The inputted string is separated with
IFS into some words. When multiple NAMEs are specified,
words are substituted one by one from the first of line, and all the rest
are substituted for the last NAME. When the number of words in
inputted string is less than the number of NAME, a null is
substituted for the rest of NAME.
If -N is specified, the newline of the line to be read
is regarded as CR-NL (\r\n).
- readline [prompt]
- Read one line from the terminal input and output that string to the
standard output. When prompt is specified, the string is displayed
on the beginning of input line. This command differs from read the
builtin command in the terminal input and the line editing. You cannot use
the history as one of the line editing, but can use the completion for a
pathname.
- readonly [NAME[=[value]] ...]
- Mark NAME the internal variable to be readonly. Since then, you
cannot change the value of NAME. When you want to define the value
at the same time, you should specify value.
If only = is specified and value is omitted, the
value of NAME the internal variable is defined as a null. If no
argument is specified, all of the readonly internal variables is
listed.
- rd dir
- Delete the directory dir. You cannot delete the non-empty
directory.
- rmdir dir
- Same as rd. (DOS)
- ren old new
- rename old new
- Rename the filename or the directory name old into new. You
can specify the wildcard in old and new to rename the
multiple filenames all together.
- rem [arg ...]
- No effect, same as :.
- return [n]
- Return from a function with the return value specified by n. If
n is omitted, the return value is the exit status of the last
executed command. It cannot be used out of a function.
- savetty [-n]
- Save the current terminal settings. The saved settings will be restored
when EXECUTE_SH is executed later. In case that you change terminal
settings with stty(1) and so on, you should save the settings with
this command not to reset settings with the next execution of
EXECUTE_SH. If you change terminal settings and execute this
command not in the same command line, you should notice that this command
will save the reset settings. If -n is specified, the saved
settings will be cleared. (UNIX)
- set [--abCefhkmntuvx] [-o option] [arg
...]
- List internal variables and functions, without any argument. When you
specify arg, arg is substituted for the positional parameter
$1, $2, ..., $n in order. When you specify any
option, each option means the following. When you use + instead of
-, the option parameter turns off each option.
- -a
- Export any internal variable automatically when it is defined.
- -b
- When a background job has been terminated, its status report will be
displayed immediately. there is no effect when the job control is not
enabled.
- -C
- Prevent overwriting to any existent files in redirection.
- -e
- Exit immediately when any command returns the exit status except
0.
- -f
- Disable the wildcard expansion.
- -h
- Register any command to the hash table just before it is executed. The
commands used in a function are read when it is defined, and are
registered to the hash table. The command hash itself is always valid, if
-h option is set or not.
- -k
- Treat all NAME=[value] formed arguments as the
variable definition, while they are not placed on the beginning of command
line string.
- -m
- Enable the job control. This option is valid by default.
(UNIX)
- -n
- Read command inputs but don't execute them.
- -o option
- The following identifiers are valid in option.
- allexport
- Same as -a.
- autosavetty
- Same as -S.
- emacs
- Same as EDITMODE=emacs.
- errexit
- Same as -e.
- hashahead
- Same as -h.
- ignoreeof
- Any EOF will not terminate the interactive shell.
- keyword
- Same as -k.
- monitor
- Same as -m.
- noclobber
- Same as -C.
- noexec
- Same as -n.
- noglob
- Same as -f.
- notify
- Same as -b.
- nounset
- Same as -u.
- onecmd
- Same as -t.
- physical
- Same as -P.
- ptyshell
- Same as -T.
- verbose
- Same as -v.
- vi
- Same as EDITMODE=vi.
- xtrace
- Same as -x.
If option is omitted, the values of the current
options are displayed.
- -P
- Cd and pwd the builtin command use the physical directory
structure instead of the logical directory structure following symbolic
links.
- -S
- Execute savetty the builtin command automatically whenever any
command line is processed. The terminal settings will be saved absolutely
unless you operate the terminal settings intentionally, so that you should
manually adjust the terminal settings saved accidentally.
(UNIX)
- -T
- Invoke fdsh as the pseudo terminal. You cannot invoke any more
pseudo terminals in this mode. It is effective only if you specify it as
the startup option or in the initial configuration file. It is effective
only if you specify it as the startup option, when the shell is executed
as the non-interactive shell. It is just ignored when invoked as
fd. (UNIX)
- -t
- Exit immediately after executing the current command input.
- -u
- Treat the reference of undefined variables as an error.
- -v
- Display the command inputs whenever they are read.
- -x
- Display the command strings whenever they are executed.
- --
- Indicate the end of options. No flag is changed.
- setdrv c device hd sc cl
- Specify the device file indicated by device for the MS-DOS floppy
drive named as c. At the same time, hd, sc, cl
are specified as the number of heads(sides)/sectors/cylinders(tracks) in
the format which is treated in the driver of device. In special
case, when you want to treat the 640KB2DD(hd=2/sc=8/cl=80) floppy disk
with the driver which can treat only the 820KB2DD(hd=2/sc=9/cl=80) floppy
disk, you should specify the value adding 100 (108) as the value of
sc. (UNIX)
On the PC-UNIX environment which is worked on PC, specifying
the string HDD or HDD98 instead of hd, sc,
cl, can register the MS-DOS partition on the hard disk for the
PC/AT compatible machine or PC-9800 series. In this case, You should
describe the device file as the device name prepared per the physical
drive unit rather than the device name prepared per the partition
(slice). The MS-DOS partitions included in the drive unit are
automatically expanded to the drive name after the drive name c.
When no MS-DOS partition is included in the specified drive unit, this
command is ignored. You can confirm what drive name is valid by
printdrv command. But any hard disk is registered as readonly,
for security.
- setfreq [file]
- Append the frequency information inputted from the standard input to the
translation frequency file, specified by file, for the users
Kana-Kanji translation learning. The input format is based on the output
format of getfreq. If you want to replace, rather than to append,
you must remove the translation frequency file in advance. If file
is omitted, it is regarded as the translation frequency file specified by
FREQFILE the internal variable. (UNIX)
- setroman [-c] [-r] [-f file]
[roman [kanji]]
- Setup the Roman-Kana translation table for the Kana-Kanji IME mode. It
means binding kanji the Japanese string to roman the Roman
string. The part over 4 characters of roman, the string
which consists of 1 byte characters only, will be ignored. The part over
2 characters of kanji, the string which consists of
multibyte characters or 1 byte characters, will be ignored. In this case,
a multibyte character is counted as 1 character as well as a 1 byte
character. (UNIX)
If kanji is omitted, the registered binding of the
Roman-Kana translation table for roman the Roman string will be
deleted. When you specify -c, the whole Roman-Kana translation
table will be cleared to be empty. When you specify -r, all the
registered bindings will be reset to restore the Roman-Kana translation
table. When you specify -f, the file specified by file
will be read as bindings of the Roman-Kana translation table. In this
case, a pair of roman and kanji, which is separated by
spaces, must be described in each line of file. You can also use
the file which contains the output of printroman.
- shift [n]
- Rename the positional parameters from $n+1 into ones from
$1 in order. The original positional parameters from $1 to
$n are discarded. If n is omitted, it is regard as
1 is specified.
- socketinfo [-apAP] [fd]
- If the file descriptor specified by fd is a socket, the IP address
and the TCP port number of the connected remote host, and the IP address
and the TCP port number of the connected local host, are outputted to the
standard output. If fd is not a socket, this command will be
failed. (UNIX)
If fd is omitted, it is regarded as the standard input
is specified. If -a is specified, only the IP address of the
remote host will be outputted. If -p is specified, only the TCP
port number of the remote host will be outputted. If -A is
specified, only the IP address of the local host will be outputted. If
-P is specified, only the TCP port number of the local host will
be outputted.
- test [expr]
- [ expr ]
- Evaluate the conditional expression expr. See test(1) for
details.
- times
- Display the accumulated user and system time for the processes which has
so far been executed.
- trap [com] [n ...]
- Read and execute the command com when fd receives the signal
n. If com is omitted, the trap for the signal is reset. When
you specify com as a null, the signal ignored. When you specify
n as 0, the command com is executed on exit. If both
com and n are omitted, all of the registered traps is
listed.
- true
- Only return with a 0 exit status.
- type [com ...]
- Display how each com would be treated when it is used as a command
name.
- ulimit [-SH] [-a ⎪ -cdflmnstv]
n
- Set the resource limits for fd and its child processes to the value
indicated by n. You can use the string unlimited or the
numeric value in n, unlimited means the maximum specifiable
value. (UNIX)
When you specify -H, a hard limit is set. When you
specify -S, a soft limit is set. When you don't specify neither
of them, both limits are set. If n is omitted, the current limit
is displayed. When you specify -a, all of the resource limits is
displayed.
When you specify the following options, the each resource
limit is individually set or displayed. If no option is specified, it is
regarded as -f is specified.
- -c
- maximum core file size (in blocks)
- -d
- maximum size of data segment (in KB)
- -f
- maximum file size (in blocks)
- -l
- maximum size of locked in memory (in KB)
- -m
- maximum size of resident set (in KB)
- -n
- maximum number of open file files
- -s
- maximum size of stack segment (in KB)
- -t
- maximum CPU time (in seconds)
- -v
- maximum size of virtual memory (in KB)
- umask [nnn]
- Set the file creation mask to nnn. If nnn is omitted, the
current value of the file creation mask is displayed. See umask(2)
for details.
- unalias name
- Cancel the definition of the alias name. You can use the wildcard
in name, in this case, all of the matched alias definitions is
canceled. When you specify "∗", all of the alias
definitions is invalid.
- unset [NAME ...]
- Delete the defined internal variable or function for each NAME. But
the following variable definition cannot be deleted.
PATH PS1 PS2 IFS
MAILCHECK PPID
- unsetdrv c device hd sc cl
- Delete the registered floppy drive. Only the registration with which all
of device, hd, sc, cl is corresponded is
deleted, then you should confirm to delete very well. (UNIX)
When it is registered as HDD or HDD98 in
setdrv, you should describe HDD or HDD98 instead of
hd, sc, cl.
- wait [pid ⎪ job]
- Wait for the process indicated by pid or for the job indicated by
job, and return its exit status. If both pid and job
are omitted, all running jobs are waited. (UNIX)
- yesno [prompt]
- Wait for a input of y or n from the terminal, and then
return 0 when y is inputted, return 255 when n
is inputted. Instead of input of y or n, you can select a
character from displayed [Y/N] with cursor keys and push
[Return] to be regarded as an input of the selected character. An
input of [Space] or [Esc] means the input of n. When
prompt is specified, the string is displayed before
[Y/N].
- COMMAND [arg]
- Execute the internal command COMMAND of fd. You can describe
each command identifier in COMMAND. The following internal commands
can take a parameter argument arg.
- CUR_UP
- CUR_DOWN
- CUR_RIGHT
- CUR_LEFT
- ROLL_UP
- ROLL_DOWN
- WIDEN_WINDOW
- NARROW_WINDOW
- The number of lines, columns, or pages.
- RENAME_FILE
- PACK_FILE
- BACKUP_TAPE
- The filename.
- LOG_DIR
- MAKE_DIR
- INFO_FILESYS
- UNPACK_FILE
- The directory name.
- EXECUTE_SH
- The command string.
- MARK_FIND
- FIND_FILE
- FIND_DIR
- The wildcard string.
- MARK_ALL
- 0 will reset the mark of all files, the other will mark all
files.
- SORT_DIR
- The number substituted for SORTTYPE the internal variable.
- EDIT_CONFIG
- The name of internal variable to be edited.
~ and $ in the previous registration string are
expanded. But these expansions are restrained in the string quoted with
' instead of ".
Since representing the whole file system in tree structure takes too many time,
only the directories which are direct ancestors and the direct sub directories
are displayed, first in the tree screen. In the directories which are direct
ancestors, the other sub directories (if exists) are grouped as
"...". These grouped sub directories will be expanded
automatically when a cursor is placed on its position.
The sub directories which are not expanded yet are represented
with '>' trailing the filename, which shows as they are. Such
directory is never expanded until it is required to expand explicitly, then
you should expand it by the following key inputs before moving to any hidden
sub directory.
In the tree screen, the following key inputs are available.
- Up, Down
- Move a cursor.
- Right
- Expand the sub directory on the cursor position.
- Tab
- Expand the sub directory on the cursor position recursively.
- PageUp, PageDown
- Move a cursor by half screen.
- Home(<), End(>)
- Move a cursor to the top/bottom of tree.
- ?
- Move a cursor to the current directory.
- Bs
- Move a cursor to the parent directory.
- Left
- Group sub directories of the directory on the cursor position, or move a
cursor to the parent directory.
- (, )
- Move a cursor to the previous/next directory among the same level sub
directories.
- A - Z
- Move a cursor to the directory whose name starts with the character or its
lowercase.
- l
- Change the directory tree into the specified directory. Moving to the
floppy drive is also available.
- ^L
- Redraw the tree structure.
- Return
- Select the directory.
- Esc
- Cancel.
When directories are recursively expanded, the machine operation
is so late that it maybe seems to freeze. In this case, you can input any
key while operating. If key input is recognized while expanding directories,
expanding has been stopped at that moment in spite of not finishing. Even if
key repeat keeps effective, any operation will be delayed for this
function.
When the launcher is invoked on the position of the file whose extension is
registered to associate with an archive browser, the archive browser screen
has come. In this screen, you can browse files in the archive file as well as
in the normal directory. But you cannot use the following internal commands in
this screen.
LOG_TOP ATTR_FILE COPY_FILE MOVE_FILE
DELETE_FILE DELETE_DIR RENAME_FILE MAKE_DIR
WRITE_DIR TREE_DIR EDIT_FILE LOG_TREE
COPY_TREE MOVE_TREE FIND_DIR ATTR_DIR
SYMLINK_MODE DOTFILE_MODE FILEFLG_MODE SPLIT_WINDOW
KILL_WINDOW
When you want to register a new archive browser, you must describe
the format listed by the archiver as the following representation. One
format string represents the format for 1 file in the list.
%a Field which indicates a file mode
%u Field which indicates UID of a file
%g Field which indicates GID of a file
%s Field which indicates a file size
%y Field which indicates a file creation year
%m Field which indicates a file creation month
(No concerning if numeric or alphabetical)
%d Field which indicates a file creation day
%w Field which indicates a file creation week (ignored)
%t Field which indicates a file creation time
("HH:MM:SS" form, MM and SS can be lacking)
%p Field which indicates a file creation am/pm
%B Field which indicates a major device ID
%b Field which indicates a minor device ID
%/str/ Field which indicates a type is directory
when this field string is str
(case insensitive)
%!str! 0 or more continuous fields
which consists of the string str
(case insensitive)
%f Field which indicates a filename
%x Field which is needless (ignored)
%% % itself
\n Newline
Space Tab 0 or more characters of spaces or tabs
In this description, the field means the area separated by spaces,
tabs or newlines. When the string which indicates each information is
separated by these characters, you can simply describe the above string
which indicates that field. When the string is separated by another
character, you should describe the above string with that separator. You can
describe to indicate the field length as numeric, such as %10a. This
example means that the field which indicates a file mode consists of 10
characters. If you describe it with a character * as the field length
instead of numeric, such as %*f, the string to the end of line is
regarded as a field, in which any space and tab will be ignored.
When a field may have the different meanings according to
situation, you should describe it quoted with { }, such as
%{yt}. This example means that this field indicates a creation year
or a creation time. When the information for 1 file consists of multiple
lines, you should place a \n on the position of newline in the format
string.
For example, the following are the format strings for the list of
some archivers. While some spaces are used here for easiness to see, these
spaces are not always necessary because any space between fields is
ignored.
- `lha l'
- "%9a %u/%g %s %x %m %d %{yt} %f"
- `lha v' (MS-DOS)
- "%f\n%s %x %x %y-%m-%d %t"
- `tar tvf' (BSD)
- "%9a %u/%g %s %m %d %t %y %f"
- `tar tvf' (SVR4)
- "%a %u/%g %s %m %d %t %y %f"
If you register archive browsers with above format, in the builtin
command of EXECUTE_SH or in the initial configuration file, you can
use the archive browser which is not prepared by default. But, if you want
to execute or view files in the archive file, you must register the archiver
command for the archive file, too, don't forget this.
On some OS, tar(1) may output the Japanese timestamp when
japanese is substituted for LANG the environment variable.
Since fd cannot analyze the representation like this, you should
describe `export LANG=C' in the initial configuration file, or
specify LANG in the description of listing command, such as
`LANG=C tar tvf'.
You can access the MS-DOS formatted floppy disk, by representing to prefix
"c:" to the directory name. But, it is necessary to
register the floppy drive and set DOSDRIVE the internal variable which
makes this function effective, in advance.
Each registered drive is distinguished with the drive name. You
should tag the physically different drive as the different drive name. When
the same physical drive supports multiple formats, you can register each
format with the same drive name, or the different drive name each other. If
you tag the same drive name, the justice of the format is tried in
registered order, so that you should register the format which you often use
in the first place.
Each drive of the floppy drive has the its own current directory.
The default value of this is a root directory, and the current directory is
moved back to a root directory again whenever you change a floppy disk. When
you describe the directory name as starting with '/' after ':', it
means the absolute path representation of that drive. If this '/' is not
exist, it means the relative path representation from the current directory
of that drive, don't forget this.
Regrettably, some internal commands like as WRITE_DIR,
INFO_FILESYS cannot support the floppy drive. Some filenames are
renamed when they are copied from UNIX for reason of the filename length
limit.
When you use a lowercase letter as the drive name, you can access
it as the floppy drive which can treat the Long File Name (LFN) for
MS-Windows formatted floppy disk. In this case, you can copy a file with a
long filename on UNIX as it is. But, when the UNICODE translation table
fd-unicd.tbl does not exist in the same directory as the invoked
fd exists, any Kanji filename cannot be treated as LFN
representation. Reversely, when you use a uppercase letter as the drive
name, LFN is ignored and 8+3 formed filename is treated. MS-DOS version
inherits this specification by the case of a drive name.
You can access remote services on the network, by representing the URL string as
the directory name. The URL format is
scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port]/directory/.
You can specify ftp or http as scheme. You can specify
the name or IP address of the remote host as host. You can specify the
TCP port number as port. If port is omitted, the default port
number is used. The default port number for ftp is 21, and the
default port number for http is 80. You can specify account
information to connect the remote host as user and password. If
user is omitted, the anonymous FTP connection will be used with
ftp, or you will be queried as needed with http. If
password is omitted, you will be queried as needed. But, it is
necessary to set URLDRIVE the internal variable which makes this
function effective, in advance.
Regrettably, some internal commands cannot support the URL drive,
for the sake of restrictions of the FTP and HTTP protocols or settings of
the host side.
When you input the string, such as the pathname, the following key inputs are
available. The kind of referred history differs with the input string
required. In the split window mode, the current directory of another window is
always placed on the top of the pathname history.
- Left, Right
- Move a cursor.
- Up, Down
- Refer the previous histories (only commands and pathnames), or move a
cursor.
- Beg
- Move a cursor to the beginning of string.
- Eol
- Move a cursor to the end of string.
- Ins
- Switch a input method to the insert/overwrite mode. (Default value is the
insert mode.)
- Del
- Delete a character on the cursor position.
- Bs
- Delete a character before the cursor position.
- DelLine
- Delete a string after the cursor position.
- InsLine
- Treat the next input character as it is, effective to input control
characters.
- Enter
- Insert a filename of the file on the cursor position.
- PageUp
- Convert a character on the cursor position to uppercase.
- PageDown
- Convert a character on the cursor position to lowercase.
- Tab
- Complete a pathname, a command name or a variable name on the cursor
position.
When there are two or more completion choices, inputting
this continuously can display the completion choice list. Except for command
line in the internal shell, you can make a choice from this list with cursor
keys and [Return].
- ^L
- Redraw the input string.
- ^S, ^R
- Search the previous histories (only commands and pathnames)
incrementally.
- Return
- Decide the input, or decide the choice in the completion choice list.
- Esc
- Cancel.
The inputted string is expanded before evaluation as following.
These expansions are also valid in the string of command macros. But these
expansions are restrained in the string quoted with the quotation mark
'.
- ~
- Indicate your home directory, when it is the beginning of filename.
- ~user
- Indicate user's home directory, when it is the beginning of
filename. (UNIX)
- ~FD
- Indicate the directory where the invoked fd is exists, when it is
the beginning of filename.
- $NAME
- ${NAME}
- Indicate the value of NAME the internal variable or the environment
variable. When both are defined, the internal variable is prior. When both
are undefined, it is replaced a null. The brace { } separates
NAME from its trailing characters.
When NAME is the following character, it is replaced by
the value substituted automatically by the shell.
- 0
- The executable filename when invoked.
- [1-9]
- The positional parameter.
- ∗
- The all positional parameters which starts from $1.
"$∗" is replaced by "$1 $2
...".
- @
- The all positional parameters which starts from $1.
"$@" is replaced by "$1" "$2"
... .
- #
- The number of positional parameters.
- -
- The option flags which is set by options when invoked or set the
builtin command.
- ?
- The exit status of the last executed command.
- $
- The process number of the current shell.
- !
- The process number of the last executed background process.
- ${NAME:-word}
- If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal
variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the value,
otherwise it is replaced by word.
- ${NAME:=word}
- If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal
variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the value,
otherwise word is substituted for NAME the internal
variable, and this expression itself is replaced by word. But you
cannot substitute the value for any positional parameter.
- ${NAME:?word}
- If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal
variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by the value,
otherwise display word and exit from the shell. If word is
omitted, the string ``parameter null or not set'' is displayed in
its place.
- ${NAME:+word}
- If the value except a null is substituted for NAME the internal
variable or the environment variable, it is replaced by word,
otherwise it is replaced by a null.
- ${NAME-word}
- If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the
environment variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise it is
replaced by word.
- ${NAME=word}
- If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the
environment variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise word
is substituted for NAME the internal variable, and this expression
itself is replaces by word. But you cannot substitute the value for
any positional parameter.
- ${NAME?word}
- If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the
environment variable, it is replaced by the value, otherwise display
word and exit from the shell. If word is omitted, the string
``parameter null or not set'' is displayed in its place.
- ${NAME+word}
- If any value is substituted for NAME the internal variable or the
environment variable, it is replaced by word, otherwise it is
replaced by a null.
- ${#NAME}
- It is replaced by the length in characters of the value of NAME the
internal variable or the environment variable. If NAME is *
or @, it is replaced by the number of positional parameters instead
of the length of characters.
- ${NAME%word}
- It is replaced by the string in which the smallest portion of the suffix
matched by the word pattern is deleted from the value of
NAME the internal variable or the environment variable. If
NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is
replaced. ( \ is used instead of % on MS-DOS version.)
- ${NAME%%word}
- It is replaced by the string in which the largest portion of the suffix
matched by the word pattern is deleted from the value of
NAME the internal variable or the environment variable. If
NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is
replaced. ( \\ is used instead of %% on MS-DOS
version.)
- ${NAME#word}
- It is replaced by the string in which the smallest portion of the prefix
matched by the word pattern is deleted from the value of
NAME the internal variable or the environment variable. If
NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is
replaced.
- ${NAME##word}
- It is replaced by the string in which the largest portion of the prefix
matched by the word pattern is deleted from the value of
NAME the internal variable or the environment variable. If
NAME is * or @, each positional parameter is
replaced.
- \c
- It indicates a character c itself. You can use it when you want to
use the preceding meta-character as a character with no evaluation, such
as ~ or $. You can describe \ itself as
"\\". But, on MS-DOS version, because \ which is
used as the pathname delimiter must be treat as well as the normal
character, %c is expediently used in place of \.
The following is replaced only in the shell which is executed by
EXECUTE_SH and EXECUTE_FILE.
- `list`
- List is executed and this string is replaced by its standard
output.
- $(list)
- List is executed and this string is replaced by its standard output
like as `list`. This differs from
`list` in the point that nested expressions are
allowed. And any meta-characters such as quotes in list are
evaluated as it is.
- $((expression))
- Expression the arithmetic expression is evaluated and this string
is replaced by its result value. You can specify numeric values, variables
and integral calculations with the following operators in
expression.
(unary) (binary)
arithmetic + - + - * / %
boolean ! == != < > <= >= && ||
bit operator ~ & | ^ << >>
parenthesis ( )
- ?
- ∗
- [
- ]
- The string including these letters is pattern-matched with existent files.
When it is matched, it is replaced by all of the matched filenames which
are sorted in alphabetical order.
- ?
- Match any single character except /.
- ∗
- Match any 0 or more length string not including /.
- ∗∗
- Match any 0 or more length string including /.
- [...]
- Match any one of the characters enclosed by [ ]. When enclosed
characters include -, it matches any character whose character code
is between characters before/after -.
- [!...]
- Match any one of the characters not enclosed by [ ].
But, when the first character of the filename is .,
?, ∗ and ∗∗ don't match it.
When you want to use some functions bound to special keys, such as a cursor key
or a scroll key, such a key doesn't exist in some terminals. In such a case,
substituting the string for EDITMODE the internal variable can make you
use some control keys as alternative to these special keys. Since this
alternative key function is prior to the key binding by the builtin command,
the key binding is invalid for the control characters used as the alternative
keys. The prepared edit modes are the following 3 modes.
- emacs
^P = Up ^A = Beg
^N = Down ^E = Eol ^D = Del
^F = Right ^Q = InsLine
^B = Left ^K = DelLine
^V = PageDn ^Y = PageUp ^O = Enter
^M = Return ^I = Tab ^H = Bs
^[ = Esc ^G = Esc
- wordstar
^E = Up ^A = Beg ^V = Ins
^N = Down ^F = Eol ^G = Del
^F = Right ^W = Home ^] = InsLine
^S = Left ^Z = End ^Y = DelLine
^C = PageDn ^R = PageUp ^N = Enter
^M = Return ^I = Tab ^H = Bs
^[ = Esc
- vi
- Vi mode has the 2 local modes: "insert mode" and
"command mode", and the function of keys are quite different
with each mode. You are in the command mode when you start to input, then
you must input any key among 4 keys which switch to the insert mode, in
order to input normal keys.
(command mode)
k = Up 0 = Beg
j = Down $ = Eol x = Del
l = Right g = Home
h = Left G = End D = DelLine
^F = PageDn ^B = PageUp o = Enter
^M = Return ^I = Tab ^H = Bs
^[ = Esc
(from command mode to insert mode)
i, : = only switch its mode
I = + Beg
a = + Right A = + Eol
R = overwrite
r = overwrite once
(insert mode)
^V = InsLine Esc = to command mode
This key binding is so particular that it is not suitable
for those who don't use vi editor everyday.
You can input strings in the Kana-Kanji IME mode, if you input the key specified
by IMEKEY or select "Kanji" from the pseudo terminal menu.
The translation performance will depend on the Kana-Kanji
translation dictionary fd-dict.tbl. When it does not exist in the
same directory as the invoked fd exists, translation to Kanji will
not be available. The standard installed dictionary file is the Tan-Kanji
dictionary, which can support only the Tan-Kanji translation. The dictionaly
such as the pubdic, which includes the Hinsi information, will bring you the
Tan-Bunsetsu translation. The Ren-Bunsetsu translation is not be
supported.
In the Kana-Kanji IME mode, the following key inputs are
available.
- Space
- Trancelate to Kanji, or select the next translation candidate.
- Left, Right
- Up, Down
- Move a cursor in the list of the translation candidate.
- Bs, Del
- Delete a character before the cursor position.
- Tab
- Toggle Hiragana, Katakana, Hankaku-Kana and the direct input.
- ^L
- Redraw the input string.
- Return
- Decide the translation result.
- Esc
- Cancel.
When you translate the string of the capital 4 digit hexadecimal
prefixed by a capital letter, it is regarded as the hexadecimal showing the
following Kanji code respectively. Then the menu will be displayed to select
Kanji next to the Kanji code number.
- S
- Shift JIS
- E
- EUC-JP
- J
- JIS code (JIS X0208)
- K
- Kuten code
- U
- UNICODE (UCS2)
When you input [Space] in the state where you decide an un-translated
Kana, it is regarded as the initial reading of Kanji. Then the menu will be
desplayed to select Kanji whose reading starts with the Kana.
You can use the following parameter macros in the string which is used for the
registration of command macros and for executing command. But, you cannot use
them in the functions, the input file for source command, and the
initial configuration file, then you should use evalmacro command when
you want to use any parameter macro in them.
- %C
- The filename on the cursor position. Or, it indicates the archive
filename, in the macro to register the archiver command.
- %X
- The filename except its extension on the cursor position. Or, it indicates
the archive filename except its extension, in the macro to register the
archiver command. Only the last one extension is removed. T,
TA, M trailing %X are replaced by %T,
%TA, %M except its extension respectively. On MS-DOS
version, you can describe a trailing S as well as them.
- %P
- The pathname of the current directory.
- %K
- Prompt and return to fd after a command is finished. But, the
meaning of %K is reverse in EXECUTE_FILE and
EXECUTE_SH; it prompts by default and doesn't prompt if %K
is specified. You can never specify to prompt in macros to register the
archive browser of the launcher and macros to register the archiver
command.
- %T
- List marked files separated by spaces as possible. When files are so many
that the command line length exceeds the OS limitation, the rest of marked
files are ignored.
- %TA
- List marked files as well as %T, and repeat the same command for
spilt files to complete all marked files.
- %M
- Execute the same command as many times as marked files, sending the marked
file one by one. It is useful to mark files by MARK_FIND and
execute "mv %M %XM.bak" by EXECUTE_SH.
- %N
- Restrain the filename addition even if the parameter is omitted.
- %R
- Make you input the additional parameter in executing a macro, if the
length of command string has enough margin. The cursor position in input
is placed on the position of %R in a macro. But, %R is
ignored in macros to register the archive browser of the launcher, macros
to register the archiver command, and EXECUTE_FILE,
EXECUTE_SH.
- %S
- The 8+3 formed filename with which the LFN formed filename on the cursor
position is replaced. You can use it when you use external commands which
can treat only 8+3 formed arguments. T, TA, M
trailing %S can be described as well as %X.
(DOS)
- %JS
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into
Shift JIS. (UNIX)
- %JE
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into
EUC-JP. (UNIX)
- %J7
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into 7bit
JIS. (UNIX)
- %J8
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into 8bit
JIS. (UNIX)
- %JJ
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into
ISO-2022-JP. (UNIX)
- %JH
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into HEX.
(UNIX)
- %JC
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into CAP.
(UNIX)
- %JU
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into
UTF-8. (UNIX)
- %JM
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into
UTF-8 for Mac OS X. (UNIX)
- %JI
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into
UTF-8 for iconv, which is used on environments using iconv-based UTF-8
such as Linux. (UNIX)
- %JA
- The Kanji code of the string enclosed by this macro is converted into the
Kanji code which is used in the pathname indicated by the string. The
variables SJISPATH, EUCPATH, etc. can specify what kanji
code is used in each pathname. (UNIX)
When no filename parameter, such as %C and %T, is
taken with the result to expand parameter macros in a command macro, the
filename on the cursor position is automatically added to the last of
expanded string, as ./filename form. This addition is not done, in
case of the input string for executing command, or when %N macro is
specified.
You can customize fd as the following ways. If you specify some
configuration in multiple ways overlapped, it is prior in this order.
- Executing builtin commands with EXECUTE_SH
- You can execute builtin commands for each registration for the internal
variable definition, the environment variable definition, the alias
definition, the function definition, the key binding, the keymap changing,
the launcher registration, the archiver command registration, and the
floppy drive registration.
- Customizer
- EDIT_CONFIG command is available for the internal variable
definition, the key binding, the keymap changing, the launcher
registration, the archiver command registration, and the floppy drive
registration.
- Command line options
- You can specify the command line options as
`-NAME=value' form, to define the internal
variables.
- .fd2rc
- You can prepare the initial configuration file .fd2rc on your home
directory, to execute the command which is written in this file, before
the startup of fd. You can describe builtin commands and external
commands in it to set up each configuration. Yet, when fdsh is
invoked as a login shell, .fdshrc is read instead of .fd2rc.
The initial configuration file /etc/fd2rc which is
prepared by a system administrator is read preceding .fd2rc and
.fdshrc. If this file exists, the initial configurations prepared
by a system administrator are valid unless you intentionally delete them
in .fd2rc and .fdshrc.
(On MS-DOS version, these filenames are
$HOME\fd2.rc, $HOME\fdsh.rc and ~FD\fd2rc.)
- Environment variables
- Any valid variable name as the internal variable can be valid to be
defined as the environment variable in advance. But the internal variable
is always prior to the environment variable in fd. When the same
named environment variable is used in another application, you can also
use the name which FD_ is prefixed to each environment variable for
fd only. This environment variable with FD_ is always prior
to the environment variable without it, then the definition of the
environment variable with FD_ is prior to the definition of the
internal variable without FD_.
EDIT_CONFIG command invokes the customizer to set up configurations
interactively. You can select the category with the right/left cursor key, and
select the item with the up/down cursor key, and change its content with
[Return]. When you finish to change, exit from the customizer with
[Esc].
The following categories are prepared.
- Variables
- Change the value of internal variables. The input method is different with
the variable, then you should input following the guidance on screen.
- Key bind
- Change the command bound to each key. When you newly bind a command to the
key with no binding, you should select "NewEntry". If you select
"Delete bind", the existent key binding is deleted.
- Key map
- Change the key code mapping for each special key. If you push [Esc]
when you are prompted to push the key, the existent key mapping is
deleted. (UNIX)
- Launcher
- Change the launcher registration for each extension. When you newly
register a launcher for the extension with no registration, you should
select "NewEntry". If you input a null line when you input a
command for the launcher, the existent launcher registration is
deleted.
- Archiver
- Change the archiver command registration for each extension. When you
newly register a archiver command for the extension with no registration,
you should select "NewEntry". If you input a null line both when
you input a command for pack/unpack, the existent archiver command
registration is deleted.
- DOS drive
- Change the floppy drive registration. When you newly register a floppy
drive for the drive name with no registration, you should select
"NewEntry". If you input a null line when you input a device
name, the existent floppy drive registration is deleted.
(UNIX)
- Save
- Save the configurations changed with the customizer into a file, or cancel
configurations to restore to the previous state.
- Cancel
- Cancel the changed configurations within the specified categories, and
restore to the state before the customizer is invoked.
- Clear
- Cancel all the configurations within the specified categories, and restore
to the default state.
- Load
- Load configurations from the specified file.
- Save
- Save all the configurations within the specified categories to the
specified file.
- Overwrite
- Overwrite all the configurations within the specified categories to the
specified existent file. The original configurations which has existed in
the file are parsed, and the configuration for the same target is
overwritten at the same place as possible. The configurations which are
not set up at present and the configurations which are not supported by
the customizer are remains as it is.
When you specify the range of categories, all categories are
selected by default, then you should turn on/off each selection with
[Space] and decide with [Return].
If you try to exit from the customizer without saving after
changing any configuration, you will be confirmed whether if it is right to
exit without saving. While the changed configurations themselves are valid
even if you exit without saving, when you want them to be valid in the next
invoked fd, you must save them into the initial configuration
file.
The following environment variables are valid in fd. These environment
variables can be valid if they are defined as the internal variables. You can
specify them as the command line options in `-NAME=value'
form. But the variables followed by ∗ cannot be use with the prefix
FD_ as the environment variables.
- ADJTTY
- Reset the terminal mode forcedly to the normal state, when fd is
finished. Invoking fd can adjust the terminal rightly from the
state displaying broken characters. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid. (UNIX)
- ANSICOLOR
- Colorize the file display. When the terminal which you use supports the
color control escape sequence of ANSI standard, each file is displayed
with color according to its file type. If the value is 1, it is
colorized. If the value is 2, the background color is forced to be
black, for the case that the foreground color is the same as the
background color and indistinguishable. If the value is 3, the
foreground color is forced to be black.
- ANSIPALETTE
- Specify color palette according to file type when the file display is
colorized. This variable value consists of a numeric value whose maximum
columns are 11 columns. The number of each column shows a color
number, which specifies the color of file type corresponding with its
column. The following are correspondence of the column number to the file
type.
1 normal file
2 background
3 directory
4 unwritable file
5 unreadable file
6 symbolic link
7 socket (or system file on MS-DOS)
8 FIFO (or label on MS-DOS)
9 block device
10 character device
11 executable file
The following are the meaning of color number specified
on each column.
0 black
1 red
2 green
3 yellow
4 blue
5 magenta
6 cyan
7 white
8 default color for foreground
9 default color for background
The color number 8 is forced to be black, if the
value of ANSICOLOR the variable is 3. The color number 9
is forced to be black, if the value of ANSICOLOR the variable is
2.
When the columns are less than 11 or this variable
is not set, the standard color palette will be applied for the file type
corresponding with the following columns. The standard color palette is
described with the above color number as 89624351888.
- AUTOUPDATE
- Specify the interval in seconds to update automatically the browser screen
or the tree screen. When the key input idles for the specified seconds,
the current information of file list will be updated. If this value is
0, the screen will never updated automatically. The default value
is 0.
- BASICCUSTOM
- Limit the internal variables for configuration only to basic variables in
the customizer, to hide advanced variables. Any value except 0 and
null effects valid.
- CDPATH∗
- Specify the search path when an argument of cd the builtin command
does not start with /. You can specify multiple paths separating
with ':'. No search path is specified by default.
- COLUMNS∗
- The variable for the columns of a terminal screen. If some value is set,
this value will be replaced automatically according to changing the screen
size. If no value is set, this value will remain unset.
- COMSPEC
- Specify the shell used to invoke a batch file. If undefined, the shell
defined by SHELL the internal variable or \COMMAND.COM is used.
(DOS)
- COPYCMD∗
- Specify the default options used by copy the builtin command.
- DEFCOLUMNS
- Specify the columns displayed in the screen when fd is invoked. The
default value is 2. If you specify the value except 1,
2, 3 and 5, it is ignored.
- DEFKCODE
- Specify the system default Kanji code. The arguments passed to external
commands invoked from fd will be converted into the specified Kanji
code. When you use macros such as %C and %JJ, it will be
converted into the Kanji code according to each macro. JIS8,
JUNET, HEX, CAP, etc. among them are the Kanji codes
used in Samba. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
HEX, hex HEX
CAP, cap CAP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
- DIRCOUNTLIMIT
- Specify the maximum number of files read from the directory in the tree
screen. When the directory trailed by '>' has no sub directory,
the expanded result is not changed. If the number of files (including
directories) in the directory is within this value, the directory with no
sub directory is not trailed '>' from the first. Moreover, the
file list in the directory displayed on the right of screen is not
displayed over this value. If this value is 0, you can realize a
comfortable operation speed even in the slow machine. The default value is
50 files.
- DIRCMD∗
- Specify the default options used by dir the builtin command.
- DIRHIST
- Specify the maximum number of the directory histories which can be
referred by the directory input line. The default value is 50. If
this value is 0, you can refer to no directory history.
- DIRHISTFILE
- Specify the name of the directory history file which can be referred by
the directory input line. Unless you specify it, the directory history is
not loaded nor saved. The default value is not specified.
- DIRHISTUMASK
- Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for the directory
history file. It is used only if no existent file exists. But the mask
value set by umask the builtin command is prior, then actual mask
value is the logical OR of this value and umask value.
- DISPLAYMODE
- Specify the filename display mode of the file list when fd is
invoked. Each of the symbolic link mode, the file type symbol mode and the
dot file display mode can be selected individually. The default value is
0. The following are specifiable values.
0 standard
1 SYMLINK
2 FILETYPE
3 SYMLINK & FILETYPE
4 DOTFILE
5 SYMLINK & DOTFILE
6 FILETYPE & DOTFILE
7 SYMLINK & FILETYPE & DOTFILE
Moreover, on the OS which supports the file flag, if you
specify the value adding 8 to each value, you can select the file flag
display mode.
- DOSDRIVE
- Validate the access function to the MS-DOS floppy. If no floppy drive is
registered, this validation cannot make you access the floppy. Any value
except 0 and null effects valid.
On MS-DOS version, This definition can make you treat the LFN
formed filename in the old DOS before Ver. 6.xx. In this case, you don't
have to register any floppy drive. the access speed may be slow or some
functions may be restricted for the reason to operate the disk I/O not by
way of OS.
- DUMBSHELL
- Don't use any control sequences to edit command line in the internal
shell. In the internal shell, the cursor addressing of terminal mode is
not valid. In case of some terminal such as a console terminal, the cursor
addressing cannot work correctly in this terminal mode, and the editing
string is displayed incorrectly. When this variable is valid, while no
control sequence is used to edit command line, an inefficient cursor
addressing will cause restriction of some functions and failure of
response. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
- EDITMODE
- Specify the edit mode of key input as the string. The default value is
emacs. The value except emacs, wordstar and vi
or null are specified, any control character is not converted and will be
sent as it is.
- EDITOR
- Specify the editor command used for editing files.
- ENV∗
- Specify the additional initial configuration file when invoked as
fdsh. You must specify its filename as fullpath. When this variable
is set, the initial configuration file is read after /etc/fd2rc,
and before .fd2rc or .fdshrc. This value will be ignored if
your real and effective UIDs or real and effective GIDs are
different.
- FCEDIT
- Specify the editor command used for fc the builtin command.
- FD_VERSION
- A version string of the running fd.
- FNAMEKCODE
- Specify the Kanji code for filename. Any filename is converted into the
specified Kanji code at the point of accessing the file, then you can
refer to the file which has a Kanji filename from another machine on
network which use a different Kanji code. The archive browser and
browse the builtin command also refer the specified Kanji code.
JIS8, JUNET, HEX, CAP, etc. among them are the
Kanji codes used in Samba. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
HEX, hex HEX
CAP, cap CAP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
- FREQFILE
- Specify the translation frequency file for the users Kana-Kanji
translation learning. If the filename is not defined, the frequency
information will not be saved nor be referred. The default value is
~/.fd_freq. (UNIX)
- FREQUMASK
- Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for the translation
frequency file for the users Kana-Kanji translation learning. The updated
translation frequency file will be rebuilt, not be overwritten, so that it
is used even if existent file exists. But the mask value set by
umask the builtin command is prior, then actual mask value is the
logical OR of this value and umask value. (UNIX)
- FTPADDRESS
- Specify the mail address used as the password for anonymous FTP, when the
URL drive connects the FTP host. The default value is FDclone@.
(UNIX)
- FTPLOGFILE
- Specify the filename to which communication logs are outputted, when the
URL drive communicates with the FTP host. If it is not specified as
fullpath nor you don't prepare the directory in which the log file is
stored, no log will be outputted. (UNIX)
- FTPPROXY
- Specify the URL used as the proxy server, when the URL drive connects the
FTP host. The URL format is
scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port].
You can specify ftp or http as scheme. You can
specify account information to connect the proxy server as user and
password. The default value is not specified. (UNIX)
- FUNCLAYOUT
- Specify the layout of the function line, as the form of n * 100 +
size. N means the number of function keys to be displayed in
the function line. Size means the block size of function keys to be
displayed. The default value is 1005. (It means 10 function keys
will be displayed, 5 of which are grouped.)
- HIDEPASSWD
- Suppress displaying * as a replacement for the inputted letter,
when the URL drive requires you to input a password. Any value except
0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
- HISTFILE
- Specify the name of the command history file which can be referred by
EXECUTE_FILE and EXECUTE_SH. Unless you specify it, the
command history is not loaded nor saved. The default value is
~/.fd_history.
(On MS-DOS version, The default value is
$HOME\fd.hst.)
- HISTSIZE
- Specify the maximum number of the command histories which can be referred
by EXECUTE_FILE and EXECUTE_SH. The default value is
50. If this value is 0, you can refer to no command
history.
- HISTUMASK
- Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for the command
history file. It is used only if no existent file exists. But the mask
value set by umask the builtin command is prior, then actual mask
value is the logical OR of this value and umask value.
- HOME∗
- Specify the default value when no argument of cd the builtin
command is specified. When invoked as a login shell, if this variable is
specified that directory becomes the current directory, otherwise your
home directory is automatically defined as this value.
- HTMLLOGFILE
- Specify the filename to which received HTML data log are outputted, when
the URL drive communicates with the HTTP host. If it is not specified as
fullpath nor you don't prepare the directory in which the log file is
stored, no log will be outputted. (UNIX)
- HTTPLOGFILE
- Specify the filename to which communication logs are outputted, when the
URL drive communicates with the HTTP host. If it is not specified as
fullpath nor you don't prepare the directory in which the log file is
stored, no log will be outputted. (UNIX)
- HTTPPROXY
- Specify the URL used as the proxy server, when the URL drive connects the
HTTP host. The URL format is
scheme://[user[:password]@]host[:port].
You can specify http as scheme. You can specify account
information to connect the proxy server as user and
password. The default value is not specified. (UNIX)
- IFS∗
- Specify the internal field separators. They are used in EXECUTE_SH
to separate command and arguments. Space, tab and newline are specified by
default.
- IGNORECASE
- Ignore uppercase/lowercase when filenames are compared. Any value except
0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
- IMEBUFFER
- Specify whether if the Kana-Kanji translation table is held on memory or
not. It will be fast to translate strings from Kana to Kanji. You should
set this if you have enough memory. The following are specifiable values.
(UNIX)
0 not hold on memory
1 only the Hinsi information table
2 also includes the index tables
3 hold all tables
- IMELEARNING
- Specify the learning level with the translation frequency file for the
users Kana-Kanji translation learning. The larger value will increase the
importance of the frequency information. If the value is 0, the
frequency information is only saved, without any reference. The default
value is 16. (UNIX)
- IMEKEY
- Specify the key to toggle the direct input mode and the Kana-Kanji IME
mode when you input some strings. You can describe the same key name as
bind command. The default value is not specified.
(UNIX)
- INHERITCOPY
- Inherit the destination timestamp from the source timestamp when
COPY_FILE command is executed. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid. (UNIX)
(On MS-DOS version, the destination timestamp is always
inherited, if this variable is effective or not.)
- INPUTKCODE
- Specify the Kanji code for input from keyboard. When the value except the
following is specified, the Kanji code specified in compile is valid.
(UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
- LANGUAGE
- Specify the language for display character. It means not only each
messages displayed by fd, but also a Kanji code of filename to be
converted. The following is the kind of languages, it doesn't have to be
the string itself and is enough to contain the string, the value of
LANG the environment variable also can be used. JIS8,
JUNET, etc. among them are the Kanji codes used in Samba.
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
en, C, POSIX English (message only)
default no convert
(On MS-DOS version, only the English is valid.)
- LINENO∗
- Indicate the current line number. When not in a script nor function, this
value cannot be guaranteed to make sense. If you unset or reset
this value, this variable will lose its special meaning to be treated as a
general variable.
- LINES∗
- The variable for the lines of a terminal screen. If some value is set,
this value will be replaced automatically according to changing the screen
size. If no value is set, this value will remain unset.
- LOGFILE
- Specify the log filename with the level spacified by LOGLEVEL or
ROOTLOGLEVEL. If it is not specified as fullpath, it will be
regarded as the path under your home directory. You must prepare the
directory in which the log file is stored, because any directories are not
created automatically. The default value is not specified.
- LOGLEVEL
- Specify the priority for the log contents. The default value is
0.
0 no log
1 only warning such as writing
2 notice such as changing, and over
3 info. such as refering, and over
>= 4 debug level, and over
The same operation can result as an error to output the
log in the lower priority by 1 level.
- LOGSIZE
- Specify the maximum kilobyte size for the log file specified by
LOGFILE. If the size exceeds this value, the last log file will be
renamed as the filename followed by the extension .old to create
another new log file. The default value is 1024(1MB). If this value
is 0, the log file will not be renamed.
- LOOPCURSOR
- Loop a cursor moving within the same page, when you move a cursor. Any
value except 0 and null effects valid.
- MAIL∗
- Specify the spool filename when the internal shell will check new mails.
If MAILPATH is set, it is prior to this. (UNIX)
- MAILCHECK∗
- Specify the interval of checking new mails in seconds, for the spool files
specified by MAILPATH or MAIL. The default value is
600 seconds. If this value is 0, it will be checked before
each prompt. (UNIX)
- MAILPATH∗
- Specify the multiple spool filenames, as the list separated by :,
when the internal shell will check new mails. The any specified files will
be checked. Each filenames can be followed by % and a arrival
message of new mails. The default message is you have mail.
(UNIX)
- MESSAGELANG
- Specify the language for display character. The language of messages
specified by this will be prior to the one specified by LANGUAGE.
When the message is Japanese, the Kanji code will be defined by the value
of LANGUAGE. The following is the kind of languages, it doesn't
have to be the string itself and is enough to contain the string, the
value of LANG the environment variable also can be used. Otherwise,
In case of some additional message catalogs are prepared, you can specify
its extension as the catalog name for MESSAGELANG to replace
messages.
en, C, POSIX English
ja Japanese
default the value of LANGUAGE
- MINFILENAME
- Specify the minimum character length of filename display area in the file
list. When the area enough to be specified here cannot be obtained, the
information is reduced in the order of UID, GID, timestamp, size. The
default value is 12 characters.
- OPTARG∗
- An option argument is substituted in getopts the builtin
command.
- OPTIND∗
- Specify the index of the next parameter in getopts the builtin
command.
- PAGER
- Specify the pager command used for viewing files.
- PATH∗
- Specify the search path for executing external commands. You can specify
multiple paths separating with ':'.
- PPID∗
- Indicate the process ID of the parent proccess for fd which is
invoked first. (UNIX)
- PRECEDEPATH
- Specify the file preceding function, which displays only filenames before
obtaining their file information, for the directory which has a lot of
files like as /dev. You can specify multiple pathnames separating with
':'. You are enough to specify only the top directory where you
want to realize the file preceding function, then the file preceding
function is valid in all of the directories under that directory. When the
file preceding function is effective, any files are not sorted in that
directory, and file information is obtained file by file while waiting the
key input. No pathname is specified by default.
- PRECOPYMENU
- Display the menu in advance, which ask you what do you want with the same
named files and the restricted files, when you copy, move, or delete
multiple files. In case of too many target files, it avoids the occurrence
of query after waiting for a moment. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid.
- PROGRESSBAR
- Display the progress bar, which indicates the progress, when you copy,
move, or delete files. It needs the time to calculate the progress, to
make the processing time a little longer than no progress bar. Any value
except 0 and null effects valid.
- PS1
- Specify the prompt string of input line in EXECUTE_SH. The default
value is "$ ". The following escape sequences are
available.
\u username (UNIX)
\h hostname (UNIX)
\H hostname (including domain name) (UNIX)
\w fullpath of current directory
\~ fullpath of current directory
(to simplify home directory with ~)
\W current directory name
\! command history number
\$ if UID is 0, a #, otherwise a $ (UNIX)
\[ beginning of non-printing sequence
(terminal control character etc.)
\] ending of non-printing sequence
\e ESC (\033)
\ooo character indicated by the octal ooo
\\ \ itself
- PS2
- Specify the prompt string when more continuous input is needed in
EXECUTE_SH. The default value is
"> ".
- PS4∗
- Specify the prompt string with which command strings are displayed when
you do set -x.
- PTYINKCODE
- Specify the Kanji code for the string passed to the pseudo terminal. The
string, which is converted from the Kanji code specified by
INPUTKCODE to the Kanji code specified by this command, is inputted
to any processes running on the pseudo terminal. This variable has the
individual value for each pseudo terminal, so that you should change value
of the variable on the pseudo terminal to change the input Kanji code of
the pseudo terminal running already. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
- PTYMENUKEY
- Specify the key to open the pseudo terminal menu while you are handling
the pseudo terminal. You can describe the same key name as bind
command. You can select the following items in the pseudo terminal menu:
"SendAsIs", "InputCode", "Break",
"NextWindow" and "Kanji". Each item means
respectively: sending the pseudo terminal menu key as is, inputting the
key name to be sent, terminating forcedly the process running in the
pseudo terminal, changing to the next window, invoking the Kana-Kanji IME.
In "InputCode", you can use the key name like as bind
command, and also the Kanji code number used in the Kana-Kanji IME mode.
But you cannot select "NextWindow" in the non-split window mode.
The default value is not specified. (UNIX)
- PTYMODE
- Use the pseudo terminal to invoke external commands. In the split window
mode, the independent pseudo terminals for every windows will be opened
and enable you to handle simultaneously multiple external commands via
terminals. If the terminal in use can not provide some functions required
for the terminal emulation, the pseudo terminal may not work correctly.
Any value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
- PTYOUTKCODE
- Specify the Kanji code for the string passed from the pseudo terminal. The
string, which is converted from the Kanji code specified by this command
to the Kanji code specified by LANGUAGE, is displayed from any
processes running on the pseudo terminal. This variable has the individual
value for each pseudo terminal, so that you should change value of the
variable on the pseudo terminal to change the output Kanji code of the
pseudo terminal running already. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
- PTYTERM
- Specify the value of TERM the environment variable to be passed to
external commands, when you use the pseudo terminal. Some
termcap(5) or terminfo(5) may cause unexpected behavior of
the pseudo terminal, you should specify the effective terminal name in
your environment. The default value is vt100. (UNIX)
- PWD∗
- The variable for the current directory with the absolute representation.
If some value is set, this value will be replaced automatically according
to changing the current directory. If no value is set, this value will
remain unset. If this is passed as an environment variable when invoked,
and this value and the current directory indicate the same directory
logically, then it is used as the default value for the current directory.
It is useful when you want to specify the logical pathname following
symbolic links.
- ROOTLOGLEVEL
- Specify the priority for the log contents of the super user. The default
value is 1. (UNIX)
0 no log
1 only warning such as writing
2 notice such as changing, and over
3 info. such as refering, and over
>= 4 debug level, and over
The same operation can result as an error to output the
log in the lower priority by 1 level.
- RRPATH
- Display files under the directory mounted by CD-ROM, with the pseudo ISO
9660 RockRidge Extension, for the OS which cannot support RockRidge
Extension. You can specify multiple mount points separating with
':'. You are enough to specify only the top directory mounted by
CD-ROM, then the pseudo RockRidge Extension function is valid in all of
the directories under that directory. This is no more than a pseudo
extension, which only replaces filenames according to TRANS.TBL, and
cannot handle some CD-ROM which has an inconsistent TRANS.TBL. No mount
point is specified by default.
- SAVEDIRHIST
- Specify the maximum number saved to the directory history file. The
default value is 50. If this value is 0, no directory
history file is saved.
- SAVEHIST
- Specify the maximum number saved to the command history file. The default
value is 50. If this value is 0, no command history file is
saved.
- SECOND
- Display the second in the clock of the title line. But the clock is
adjusted correctly every 10 seconds, and some gap from the real
time will be occurred in this span. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid.
- SHELL
- When the filename part of this specified value is rfd or
rfdsh, the shell becomes a restricted shell as well as -r
option when invoked. This variable also specify the shell which can be
invoked from EXECUTE_SH.
- SIZEINFO
- Display the file size information line at the top of screen. The total
size displayed here is not the sum of bytes but the sum of disk block size
occupied actually. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
- SIZEUNIT
- Represent the huge file size which overflows the displayed digit with the
prefix of the SI unit, as "KB", "MB" and so on. Any
value except 0 and null effects valid.
- SORTTREE
- Sort directories in the tree screen. The sorted type specified by
SORT_DIR is used, but they can not be sorted when it is "by
size" or "by timestamp". The directory included in the
current directory path is always placed on the top of directory tree, with
no regard to the sorted type. Any value except 0 and null effects
valid.
- SORTTYPE
- The file list in the browser screen is not sorted by default, but placed
in order registered in the directory. This variable specify it to be
sorted by default. The following are specifiable values.
0 not sort
1 by filename 9 by filename(reverse)
2 by extension 10 by extension(reverse)
3 by size 11 by size(reverse)
4 by timestamp 12 by timestamp(reverse)
5 by length 13 by length(reverse)
100-113 keep the last sorted type
200-213 keep it also in archive browser
If you specify the value of 100-113, it is sorted
according to the value indicated by lower 2 digits just after invoked, the
last specified sorted type is kept when moving directory. If you specify the
value of 200-213, the last sort type will be kept also after invoking the
archive browser.
- TERM∗
- Specity the terminal name. When this value is dumb, unknown
or un, it is regarded as the dumb terminal to suppress any escape
sequences in the internal shell in spite of DUMBSHELL. If this
value does not exist in termcap(5) and terminfo(5) entry, it
is executable only when it is invoked as fdsh. The terminal name
will be variable dynamically, then you can re-specify the suitable one as
this value after invoked for some strange terminal display and key
input.
- THRUARGS
- Pass through the pathnames as is, which is specified as the startup
arguments. Fd expands the meta character such as ~ and
${#} in the given pathname by itself, because the obsolete
low-level shell cannot support these expansion extended by POSIX.
Fd can sometimes expand the pathname given by the shell into the
unexpected string as a result of duplicate expansion, because the latest
high-level shell generally support these expansion. This variable will be
suppress the expansion of arguments. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid.
- TMPDIR
- Specify the working directory where the archiver command temporarily
unpack files in the archive file. The default value is /tmp.
(On MS-DOS version, The default value is `.'.)
- TMPUMASK
- Specify the file creation mask with octal expression for files and
directories created temporarily in TMPDIR. But the mask value set
by umask the builtin command is prior, then actual mask value is
the logical OR of this value and umask value.
- TRADLAYOUT
- Use the traditional screen layout based on the original "FD". In
this layout, the file size information will be always displayed, whether
SIZEINFO is set or not. When the screen width is less than
80 columns, this specification is invalid. Any value except
0 and null effects valid.
- UNICODEBUFFER
- Hold the UNICODE translation table on memory. It will be fast to access
the floppy drive and to translate from/to UTF-8. You should set this if
you have enough memory. Any value except 0 and null effects
valid.
- URLDRIVE
- Validate the function of the URL drive. Any value except 0 and null
effects valid. (UNIX)
- URLKCODE
- Specify the Kanji code for filename on the host with the URL drive.
JIS8, JUNET, HEX, CAP, etc. among them are the
Kanji codes used in Samba. (UNIX)
SJIS, sjis Shift JIS
EUC, euc EUC-JP
JIS, jis 7bit JIS
JIS8, jis8 8bit JIS
JUNET, junet ISO-2022-JP
OJIS, ojis 7bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJIS8, ojis8 8bit JIS (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
OJUNET, ojunet ISO-2022-JP (JIS C6226-1978 + roman)
HEX, hex HEX
CAP, cap CAP
UTF8, utf8 UTF-8
UTF8-mac, mac UTF-8 for Mac OS X
UTF8-iconv UTF-8 for iconv
default no convert
- URLOPTIONS
- Specify communication options, when the URL drive communicates with the
host. You can select individually whether if PASV, PORT, MDTM, FEAT each
commands for the FTP communication are limited or not, or whether if the
exact file information is need or not. On the HTTP protocol, you will get
the timestamp and size of files with some rounding error in bulk. If you
need the exact information, the operations by file will spend the more
communication time. The default value is 0. The following are
specifiable values. (UNIX)
0 standard
1 PASV
2 PORT
3 PASV & PORT
4 MDTM
5 PASV & MDTM
6 PORT & MDTM
7 PASV & PORT & MDTM
8 FEAT
9 PASV & FEAT
10 PORT & FEAT
11 PASV & PORT & FEAT
12 MDTM & FEAT
13 PASV & MDTM & FEAT
14 PORT & MDTM & FEAT
15 PASV & PORT & MDTM & FEAT
16 HTTP
17 PASV & HTTP
18 PORT & HTTP
19 PASV & PORT & HTTP
20 MDTM & HTTP
21 PASV & MDTM & HTTP
22 PORT & MDTM & HTTP
23 PASV & PORT & MDTM & HTTP
24 FEAT & HTTP
25 PASV & FEAT & HTTP
26 PORT & FEAT & HTTP
27 PASV & PORT & FEAT & HTTP
28 MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
29 PASV & MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
30 PORT & MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
31 PASV & PORT & MDTM & FEAT & HTTP
- URLTIMEOUT
- Specify the timeout in seconds, when the URL drive communicates with the
host. If the communication from the host is lost for the time specified,
the communication is regarded as invalid and its connection will be
shutdown forcedly. If this value is 0 second, the timeout operation
is invalid to continue waiting response forever. The default value is
0 second. (UNIX)
- USEGETCURSOR
- Use the VT100 compatible escape sequence getting the cursor position in
order to get the terminal size. When the screen size of fd doesn't
correspond with the terminal size, this variable can be sometimes valid.
On some terminals which don't support the escape sequence getting the
cursor position, the operation may be stopped. In this case, it is
continued by inputting 'R' from the keyboard. Any value except 0
and null effects valid. (UNIX)
- USESYSLOG
- Send the log to syslogd(8) the system logger with the level
spacified by LOGLEVEL or ROOTLOGLEVEL. The log priority is
LOG_ERR only some errors are caused, otherwise the log priority is always
LOG_INFO. LOG_USER is used as the facirity if it can be specified. Any
value except 0 and null effects valid. (UNIX)
- WIDEDIGIT
- Widen the displayed digits for the number of pages and files. The standard
displayed digits for the number of pages and files are 2 and
4 respectively. This expands them into 4 and 5
respectively. Any value except 0 and null effects valid.
- WRITEFS
- Forbid use of WRITE_DIR command. If the value is 1, the
directory is written only when the command is executed intentionally, and
you are not confirmed after arranging the file order. If the value is
2, even writing by the command is invalid, the directory writing is
quite forbidden.
- SJISPATH
- EUCPATH
- JISPATH
- JIS8PATH
- JUNETPATH
- OJISPATH
- OJIS8PATH
- OJUNETPATH
- HEXPATH
- CAPPATH
- UTF8PATH
- UTF8MACPATH
- UTF8ICONVPATH
- NOCONVPATH
- Specify the Kanji code for filename per directory, which is prior to
FNAMEKCODE. You can specify multiple pathnames separating with
':'. You are enough to specify only the top directory where you
want to use the Kanji code, then you can use the Kanji code in all of the
directories under that directory. In the directory which is described in
NOCONVPATH, no Kanji code is converted ignoring the value of
FNAMEKCODE. No pathname is specified by default. (UNIX)
Fd processes the Kanji character-set to input/output as
"EUC-JP" or "Shift JIS" according to setting in compile.
The the pathname including Kanji is displayed in consideration for the 2nd
byte character in Kanji. You can dynamically select Kanji code to input/output
with LANGUAGE, INPUTKCODE and FNAMEKCODE the internal
variable. You can input Japanese string with the Kana-Kanji IME mode.
You can use Kanji in the command macro and the command string, but
cannot use Kanji as the value of the internal variables. You cannot use the
multibyte symbol character as the meta character, such as '%' and
'"' and so on, Kanji character is not counted as 1 character in
the wildcard search.
And when you give the non-standard Kanji code for the OS to the
shell with the parameter macro such as %JJ, some Kanji is converted
into the code including the meta character such as '$' and '\'
and so on, to cause unexpected behavior. In that case, you can probably
avoid it by quoting the string to be converted with %'.
Takashi SHIRAI <shirai@unixusers.net>
The original "FD" for MS-DOS was created and released by A.Idei
<SDI00544@niftyserve.or.jp> for the first time, in 1989. Fd was
created for UNIX from scratch following that implementation, in 1995.
- /etc/fd2rc
- The systemwide initial configuration file for fd
- ~/.fd2rc
- The individual initial configuration file for fd
- ~/.fdshrc
- The individual initial configuration file for fdsh
- ~/.fd_history
- The command history file by default
- ~/.fd_freq
- The translation frequency file by default for the users Kana-Kanji
translation learning
- /bin/sh
- The user shell when SHELL the environment variable is
undefined
- /bin/rm
- The command to remove temporary files when abort
- /tmp/fd∗
- The temporary directory to unpack the archive file
- fd-unicd.tbl
- The UNICODE translation table, which is installed in the same directory as
the executable binary of fd
- fd-dict.tbl
- The Kana-Kanji translation dictionary file, which is installed in the same
directory as the executable binary of fd
- fd2rc
- The systemwide initial configuration file for fd on MS-DOS version,
which must be prepared in the same directory as the executable binary of
fd
- $HOME\fd2.rc
- The individual initial configuration file for fd on MS-DOS
version
- $HOME\fdsh.rc
- The individual initial configuration file for fdsh on MS-DOS
version
- $HOME\fd.hst
- The command history file on MS-DOS version by default
Some terminals cannot send the input of certain function keys and special keys.
The sequence compatible with VT200 is assigned as the default sequence
which is not registered in termcap(5), and when the terminal cannot
support this, the key receipt or the screen control due to be brought by this
is not available.
sh(1), echo(1), test(1), ls(1), rm(1),
tar(1), compress(1), zcat(1), gzip(1),
gunzip(1), lha(1), login(1), newgrp(1),
stty(1), umask(2), termcap(5), terminfo(5),
syslogd(8)
When files in an archive file are packed with a pathname including
"..", the archive browser cannot work normally. The symbolic links
in an archive file cannot be unpacked individually.
The user interface is cheap.
Copyright (C) 1995-2019 by Takashi SHIRAI
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