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HATARI(1) HATARI(1)

hatari - Atari ST/STE/TT/Falcon emulator

hatari [options] [directory|diskimage|program]

Hatari is an Atari ST/STE/TT/Falcon emulator for Linux and other Systems which are supported by the SDL (cross-platform graphics, input and sound) library.

With Hatari one can run games, demos or applications written for Atari ST, STE or Falcon. Atari TT support is experimental. Hatari supports the commonly used *.st, *.msa and *.stx disk images, and hard disk emulation.

To run the emulator a TOS ROM image is needed. EmuTOS, a free implementation of TOS is shipped with Hatari. It boots faster than original TOS versions and doesn't need separate HD drivers, but some buggy (typically floppy only) programs won't work correctly with it. For best compatibility, it is recommended to use a TOS ROM from a real Atari.

As an argument, one can give either a name of a directory that should be emulated as a virtual GEMDOS hard disk, a floppy disk image or an Atari program that should be autostarted. In the last case the program's directory will be used as the C: drive from where this program will be started. These shortcuts correspond to "-d <dir>", "--disk-a <floppy image>" and "-d <dir> --auto C:\<program>" options.

Booting will be done from the disk image or directory that's given last on the command line, either as an option or an argument (and which corresponds to A: or C:).

Hatari options are split into several categories:

Print command line options and terminate
Print version information and terminate
Whether Hatari confirms quitting
Read additional configuration values from <file>, these override values read from the global and user configuration files
Load keyboard mapping from <file>. "Symbolic" mapping will be used as fallback for keys not defined there
Set EmuTOS ROM country code on Mega/ST/STe machines lacking NVRAM, when EmuTOS indicates supporting multiple ones.

In 512k EmuTOS images, country code selects the TOS keyboard layout and screen refresh (US = 60Hz NTSC, 50Hz PAL otherwise). In 1024k EmuTOS images (coming with Hatari binaries and supporting multiple languages), country code selects also TOS language.

Alternatively, one can use "tos-lang-change" tool from EmuTOS project to modify country code in the ROM image file itself. That works also for TOS v4

Set NVRAM keyboard layout value. While both TT and Falcon machines have NVRAM, only TOS v4 and EmuTOS 512k / 1024k ROM versions support multiple layouts.

Regardless of whether keyboard layout change is done through the ROM country code or NVRAM setting, it may impact your key mappings in Hatari key mapping files, Hatari Python UI arguments, or key injection in your automation scripts for Hatari debugger, command FIFO or hconsole tool

Set NVRAM language value. While both TT and Falcon machines have NVRAM, only TOS v4 and EmuTOS 1024k ROM versions support multiple languages. Default is taken from the LANG environment variable
Fast-forward through the boring parts by running emulator at maximum speed. Done by skipping frame update VBL waits. Upper limit for frame skipping is given with the --frameskips option and shown in statusbar "FS" field
Autostarts given program, if TOS finds it. Program needs to be given with full path it will have under emulation, for example "C:\DIR\PROGRAM.PRG". This is implemented by providing TOS a virtual INF file for the boot drive (A: or C:), which tells TOS to start the given program

Start in monochrome mode instead of color
Select monitor type (x = mono/rgb/vga/tv)
Select TOS resolution for color monitors (x = low/med/high/ttlow/ttmed)
Start the emulator in fullscreen mode
Start the emulator in windowed mode
Grab mouse (also) in windowed mode
Allow window resizing
Show ST/STE/Falcon screen borders (for low/med resolution overscan demos)
Skip <x> frames after each displayed frame to accelerate emulation (0=disabled, >4 uses automatic frameskip with given value as maximum)
Slow down emulation by factor of x (used as multiplier for VBL wait time)
To keep host mouse better in sync with Atari mouse pointer, center it to Hatari window on cold reset and resolution changes
Show statusbar (with floppy leds etc etc)
Show overlay drive led when statusbar isn't shown
Preferred / maximum Hatari screen width
Preferred / maximum Hatari screen height.

Maximum width and height options are part of Hatari's Atari monitor emulation. They limit the size Hatari should aim for its internal SDL framebuffer, and how much of the Atari screen borders are visible.

The framebuffer is then scaled to the Hatari output window based on the specified Hatari zoom factor (see below).

Aim of this is to have all resolutions show up in approximately same size, like on a real Atari monitor. Hatari's internal integer scaling support sets some limits on this, so it's an expert option.

Note: Only reason to change the defaults, should be limiting this to a smaller resolution for performance reasons, e.g. for video recording, or on really underpowered systems, to make monitor do all of the ST-low resolution scaling by forcing Hatari to ask SDL for CGA / QVGA resolution.

This option overrides max width/height options so that e.g. ST-low resolution gets always doubled, and all resolutions (except TT-high) have approximately the same size, like on a real CRT monitor.

Zoom factor is then used to scale that up (or down) to the Hatari output window. This way scaling results always in approximately same sized Hatari window.

With non-integer zoom factors, linear scaling is used to smooth out the output, with integer zoom factors, scaling is done using nearest neighboring pixels for sharper output. This applies also to window resizes.

To avoid zooming of low resolutions, use "--zoom 1 --max-width 416 --max-height 276" (if you don't need borders, 320x200 size is enough). Disabling low resolution doubling like this is not recommended for Falcon emulation because TOS v4 bootup and some demos switch resolutions frequently.

Force internal bitdepth (x = 8/15/16/32, 0=disable)
Run emulation without displaying video (audio only)

Hatari uses this threshold to decide when to render a screen with the slower but more accurate Spectrum512 screen conversion functions (0 <= x <= 512, 0=disable)
Wakeup State for MMU/GLUE (x=ws1/ws2/ws3/ws4/random, default ws3). When powering on, the STF will randomly choose one of these wake up states. The state will then affect the timings where border removals and other video tricks should be made, which can give different results on screen. For example, WS3 is known to be compatible with many demos, while WS1 can show more problems.

Zooming to sizes specified below is internally done using integer scaling factors. This means that different Atari resolutions may show up with different sizes, but they are never blurry.

Whether to use desktop resolution on fullscreen to avoid issues related to resolution switching. Otherwise fullscreen will use a resolution that is closest to the Hatari window size. (enabled by default)
Hatari window size is forced to specified maximum size and black borders used when Atari resolution doesn't scale evenly to it. This is most useful when recording videos of Falcon demos that change their resolution. (disabled by default)
Whether to do monitor aspect ratio correction (enabled by default)

Whether to use VDI screen mode. Doesn't work with TOS v4. TOS v3 memory detection isn't compatible with larger VDI modes (i.e. you need to skip the detection at boot). Original TOS desktops use wrong window size in 2-plane (4 color) VDI mode when screen height >= 400 pixels. Because of these issues, using EmuTOS is recommended for VDI mode
Use extended VDI resolution with bit depth <x> (x = 1, 2 or 4)
Use extended VDI resolution with width <w> (320 < w <= 2048)
Use extended VDI resolution with height <h> (160 < h <= 1280)

Because TOS and popular GEM programs have problems with certain screen sizes, Hatari enforces restrictions on VDI screen size. In total VDI screen size is limited to 32-300kB, width to multiple of 16/planes, and height to multiple of 8 pixels (smaller system font height). That translates to following maximum standard resolutions for the VDI mode:

FullHD (1920x1080), WUXGA (1920x1200) and QWXGA (2048x1152)
2 plane mode (4 colors)
HD (1280x720), WXGA (1280x768) and XGA+ (1152x864)
4 plane mode (16-colors)
qHD (960x540), DVGA (960x640) and WSVGA (1024x600)

Remove statusbar from the screen captures
Start AVI recording. Note: recording will automatically stop when emulation resolution changes.
Select AVI video codec (x = bmp/png). PNG compression can be much slower than using the uncompressed BMP format, but uncompressed video content takes huge amount of space.
Select PNG compression level for AVI video (x = 0-9). Both compression efficiency and speed depend on the compressed screen content. Highest compression level (9) can be really slow with some content. Levels 3-6 should compress nearly as well with clearly smaller CPU overhead.
Force AVI frame rate (x = 50/60/71/...)
Use <file> to record AVI
Save screenshots in the directory <dir>

Emulate joystick with cursor keys in given port (0-5)
Set joystick type (none/keys/real) for given port
Enable printer support and write data to <file>
Whether to enable MIDI device support (when Hatari is built with PortMidi support)
Enable MIDI support and write raw MIDI data to <file> (when not built with PortMidi support)
Enable MIDI support and read raw MIDI data from <file> (when not built with PortMidi support)
Enable MFP serial port support and use <file> as the input device
Enable MFP serial port support and use <file> as the output device
Enable SCC channel A serial port support and use <file> for the input (only for Mega-STE, TT and Falcon)
Enable SCC channel A serial port support and use <file> for the output (only for Mega-STE, TT and Falcon)
Enable SCC channel A LAN port support and use <file> for the input (only for Mega-STE and TT)
Enable SCC channel A LAN port support and use <file> for the output (only for Mega-STE and TT)
Enable SCC channel B serial port support and use <file> for the input (only for Mega-STE, TT and Falcon)
Enable SCC channel B serial port support and use <file> for the output (only for Mega-STE, TT and Falcon)

Enable/disable drive A (default is on)
Enable/disable drive B (default is on)
Set number of heads for drive A (1=single sided, 2=double sided)
Set number of heads for drive B (1=single sided, 2=double sided)
Set disk image for floppy drive A
Set disk image for floppy drive B
speed up FDC emulation (can cause incompatibilities)
Write protect floppy image contents (on/off/auto). With "auto" option write protection is according to the disk image file attributes

GEMDOS HD emulation. Emulate harddrive partition(s) with <dir> contents. If directory contains only single letter (C-Z) subdirectories, each of these subdirectories will be treated as a separate partition, otherwise the given directory itself will be assigned to drive "C:". In the multiple partition case, the letters used as the subdirectory names will determine to which drives/partitions they are assigned. If <dir> is an empty string, then harddrive's emulation is disabled
Write protect harddrive <dir> contents (on/off/auto). With "auto" option the protection can be controlled by setting individual files attributes as it disables the file attribute modifications for the GEMDOS hard disk emulation
Specify whether new dir/filenames are forced to be in upper or lower case with the GEMDOS HD emulation. Off/upper/lower, off by default
Specify what file modification timestamps should be used, emulation internal (atari) ones, or ones from the machine (host) on which the machine is running. While Atari emulation and host clocks are in sync at Hatari startup, they will diverge while emulation is running, especially if you use fast forward. Default is "atari". If you modify files accessed by the Atari side, directly from the host side while Hatari is already running, you may want to use "host" option
Whether GEMDOS file names with 8-bit (non-ASCII) characters are converted between Atari and host character sets. On Linux, host file name character set is assumed to be UTF-8. This option is disabled by default, in case you have transferred files from Atari machine without proper file name conversion (e.g. by zipping them on Atari and unzipping on PC)
Assign (separately specified) GEMDOS HD to given drive letter (C-Z) instead of default C:, or use "skip" to specify that Hatari should add GEMDOS HD after IDE and ACSI drives (assumes Hatari and native HD driver parse same number of partitions from the partition tables in HD images)
Emulate an ACSI hard disk with given BUS ID (0-7) using image <file>. If just a filename is given, it is assigned to BUS ID 0
Emulate a SCSI hard disk with given BUS ID (0-7) using image <file>. If just a filename is given, it is assigned to BUS ID 0
Emulate an IDE 0 (master) hard disk with an image <file>
Emulate an IDE 1 (slave) hard disk with an image <file>
Set byte-swap option <x> (off/on/auto) for given IDE <id> (0/1). If just option is given, it is applied to IDE 0

Load memory snap-shot <file>
Set amount of emulated ST RAM, x = 1 to 14 MiB, or 0 for 512 KiB. Other values are considered as a size in KiB. While Hatari allows 14 MiB for all machine types, on real HW, ST/STE can have up to 4 MiB, MegaSTE/TT up to 10 MiB, and Falcon up to 14 MiB RAM.
Set amount of emulated TT RAM, x = 0 to 1024 MiB (in 4MiB steps)

Specify TOS ROM image to use
Use this option to enable/disable TOS ROM patching. Experts only! Leave this enabled unless you know what you are doing!
Use ROM cartridge image <file> (only works if GEMDOS HD emulation and extended VDI resolution are disabled)

Specify CPU (680x0) to use (use x >= 1 with EmuTOS or TOS >= 2.06 only!)
Set the CPU clock (8, 16 or 32 Mhz)
Use a more compatible 68000 CPU mode with better prefetch accuracy and cycle counting
Use cycle exact CPU emulation (cache emulation)
Use 24-bit instead of 32-bit addressing mode (24-bit is enabled by default)
FPU type (x=none/68881/68882/internal)
Use full software FPU emulation (Softfloat library)
Use MMU emulation

Select machine type (x = st, megast, ste, megaste, tt or falcon)
Enable blitter emulation (ST only)
Falcon DSP emulation (x = none, dummy or emu, Falcon only)
Hatari doesn't have proper MegaSTE/TT VME emulation yet, but this controls access to related SCU registers (MegaSTE/TT only).

With "dummy", (no-op) access is allowed (=VME HW), otherwise TOS v2 and v3 crash on bootup on MegaSTE and TT. Supports VME tracing.

With "none", register access causes errors (=no VME HW), which is needed for Linux to boot with TT emulation until there's full SCU interrupt support. No VME tracing support.

With the default value 0, RTC date and time are taken from the host. If application does not handle current dates, this can be used to change RTC year to a more compatible one. See also "--gemdos-time" option.
Patch redundantly high Timer-D frequency set by TOS. This can increase Hatari speed significantly (especially for ST/e emulation) as the original Timer-D frequency causes large amount of extra interrupts to emulate.
Patch TOS and initialize the so-called "memvalid" system variables to by-pass the memory test of TOS, so that the system boots faster.

Enable/disable (Falcon only) microphone
Sound frequency: 6000-50066. "off" disables the sound and speeds up the emulation. To prevent extra sound artifacts, the frequency should be selected so that it either matches evenly with the STE/TT/Falcon sound DMA (6258, 12517, 250033, 50066 Hz) or your sound card frequencies (11025, 22050, 44100 or 6000...48000 Hz). Check what your sound card supports.
SDL's sound buffer size: 10-100, or 0 to use default buffer size. By default Hatari uses an SDL buffer size of 1024 samples, which gives approximately 20-30 ms of sound depending on the chosen sound frequency. Under some OS or with not fully supported sound card, this default setting can cause a bigger delay at lower frequency (nearly 0.5 sec). In that case, you can use this option to force the size of the sound buffer to a fixed number of milliseconds of sound (using 20 is often a good choice if you have such problems). Most users will not need this option.
The emulation rate is nudged by +100 or 0 or -100 micro-seconds on occasion. This prevents the sound buffer from overflowing (long latency and lost samples) or underflowing (short latency and repeated samples). The emulation rate smoothly deviates by a maximum of 0.58% until synchronized, while the emulator continuously generates every sound sample and the crystal controlled sound system consumes every sample.
(on|off, off=default)
Select a method for mixing the three YM2149 voice volumes together. "model" uses a mathematical model of the YM voices, "table" uses a lookup table of audio output voltage values measured on STF and "linear" just averages the 3 YM voices.

Open console window (Windows only)
Toggle whether CPU exceptions invoke the debugger
Specify which exceptions invoke debugger, see --debug-except help for available (comma separated) exception flags.
Boot m68k Linux using kernel, ramdisk, and kernel arguments specified in the Hatari configuration file [LILO] section. Hatari documentation folder contains an example "lilo.cfg" config file for this. String given to the --lilo option is appended to the kernel command line.
NOTE: This is Hatari (and Linux kernel) developer option to test Linux booting. Unless you know how your kernel is configured, and the state of specific kernel and Hatari features, don't expect m68k Linux to boot up successfully.
Enable/Disable XBios command parsing. XBios(11) Dbmsg call can be used to invoke Hatari debugger. XBios(20) printscreen calls produce also Hatari screenshots. XBios(255) allows Atari programs to use Hatari debugger functionality, which allows e.g. invoking shortcuts and Hatari command line options. Last one is deprecated as it gives too much control to emulated program, please use NatFeats and remote control APIs (--natfeats, --cmd-fifo, hconsole) instead of XBios 11 and 255.
Enable console (xconout vector functions) output redirection for given <device> to host terminal. Device 2 is for the (CON:) VT52 console, which vector function catches also EmuTOS panic messages and MiNT console output, not just normal BIOS console output.
Set disassembly options. 'uae' and 'ext' select the disassembly engine to use, bitmask sets disassembly output options and 'help' lists them.
Enable/disable (basic) Native Features support. EmuTOS uses it for debug output, and it's supported also by the Aranym emulator. For more info, see example code and readme.txt in tests/natfeats/ coming with Hatari sources.
Activate debug traces, see --trace help for available (comma separated) tracing flags
Save trace output to <file> (default=stderr)
Toggle whether successive repeats of identical log or trace messages will be suppressed, so that only their count is shown (default=suppress). Disassembly, register and (multi-line) AES traces bypass this feature
Parse/execute debugger commands from <file>
Save Hatari configuration and exit. Hatari UI needs Hatari configuration file to start, this can be used to create it automatically.
Hatari connects to given local socket file and reads commands from it. Use when the control process life-time is longer than Hatari's, or control process needs response from Hatari
Hatari creates the indicated FIFO file and reads commands from it. Commands can be echoed to FIFO file, and are same as with the control socket. Hatari outputs help for unrecognized commands and subcommands
Save log output to <file> (default=stderr)
Log output level (x=debug/todo/info/warn/error/fatal)
Show dialog for log messages above given level
Exit after X VBLs. Often used with --benchmark option
Start in benchmark mode. Currently same as --fast-forward mode, except it can't be disabled at run-time. Allows better measuring for the speed of the emulation in frames per second. Unless you're specifically measuring emulator audio and screen processing speed, disable them (--sound off/--disable-video on) to have as little OS overhead as possible

Hatari provides special input handling for different purposes.

Joystick can be emulated either with keyboard or any real joystick supported by your kernel / SDL library. First joystick button acts as FIRE, second as SPACE key.

Middle button mouse click is interpreted as double click, this is especially useful in Fast Forward mode.

Mouse scrollwheel will act as cursor up and down keys.

Keys on the keyboard act as the normal Atari ST keys so pressing SPACE on your PC will result in an emulated press of the SPACE key on the ST. How the PC keys are mapped to Atari key codes, can be changed with keyboard config file (-k option).

The following keys have special meanings:

will act as the ST's ALTERNATE key
will act as the ST's CONTROL key
will emulate the ST's HELP key
will emulate the ST's UNDO key

AltGr will act as Alternate as well as long as you do not press it together with a Hatari hotkey combination.

The right Ctrl key is used as the fire button of the emulated joystick when you turn on joystick emulation via keyboard.

The cursor keys will act as the cursor keys on the Atari ST as long as joystick emulation via keyboard has been turned off.

The shortcut keys can be configured in the configuration file. The default settings are:

record animation
grab a screenshot
boss key: leave full screen mode and iconify window
(un-)lock the mouse into the window
warm reset the ST (same as the reset button)
cold reset the ST (same as the power switch)
open dialog to select/change disk A
enable/disable sound
quit the emulator
toggle normal/max speed
enable/disable sound recording
save memory snapshot
load memory snapshot
toggle joystick emulation via cursor keys
switch joystick type on joy port 0
switch joystick type on joy port 1
switch joystick type for joypad A
switch joystick type for joypad B
toggle borders on/off
toggle between fullscreen and windowed mode
activate the Hatari options GUI
You may need to hold SHIFT down while in windowed mode.
Pauses the emulation
Invokes the internal Hatari debugger

There are multiple ways to interact with the SDL GUI.

TAB and cursor keys change the focus between UI elements. Home key moves focus to the first dialog item, End key to the last one. Initially focus is on the default UI element, but focus changes are remembered between dialog invocations.

Enter and Space invoke the focused item, ESC key invokes the dialog cancel option (if there is one).

UI element which name has an underlined character can be invoked directly by pressing Alt + key with that character. Alt + arrow keys will act on dialog arrow buttons.

Main interactions:

Enter accepts configuration, ESC cancels it.
Enter (or End + Enter if focus was moved), returns back to main view.
Page up and down keys move the file list by one page, mouse wheel and Alt + cursor keys scroll it by one item. Enter on the focused file name selects it. Enter on the OK button accepts the selected file. ESC cancels the dialog/selection.
Enter accepts and ESC cancels the dialog.

The main program documentation, usually in /usr/local/share/doc/. Among other things it contains an extensive usage manual, software compatibility list and release notes.

The homepage of Hatari: http://hatari.tuxfamily.org/

Other Hatari programs and utilities:
hmsa(1), zip2st(1), atari-convert-dir(1), atari-hd-image(1), hatariui(1), hconsole(1), gst2ascii(1), hatari_profile(1)

/usr/local/etc/hatari.cfg
The global configuration file of Hatari.
~/.config/hatari/
The (default) directory for user's personal Hatari files; hatari.cfg (configuration file), hatari.nvram (NVRAM content file), hatari.sav (Hatari memory state snapshot file which Hatari can load/save automatically when it starts/exits), hatari.prn (printer output file),
/usr/local/share/hatari/ (or /usr/local/share/hatari/)
The global data directory of Hatari.
The TOS ROM image will be loaded from the data directory of Hatari unless it is specified on the command line or the configuration file.

This manual page was written by Marco Herrn <marco@mherrn.de> for the Debian project and later modified by Thomas Huth and Eero Tamminen to suit the latest version of Hatari.

2020-11-27 Hatari
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