NAME

hxpipe - convert XML file to a format easier to parse with Perl or AWK

SYNOPSIS

hxpipe [ -l ] [ -H ] [ -- ] [ file-or-URL ]

DESCRIPTION

hxpipe parses an HTML or XML file and outputs a line-oriented representation of it that is well suited to further processing with AWK or similar tools. The format is similar to the ESIS (Element Structure Information Set) that is output by nsgmls/onsgmls.

The reverse operation, converting back to mark-up, is performed by the hxunpipe program.

The output format is as follows:

<!--comment-->

Comments are output as

*comment


    

I.e., a single line starting with "*" followed by the text of the comment. Line feeds, carriage returns and tabs in the text are written as "\n", "\r" and "\t", respectively. Text that looks like a numerical character entity is written with the "&" replaced by "\". The line ends with a line feed.

Note that onsgmls outputs comments starting with a "_" instead of a "*" and doesn't replace the "&" of numerical character entities by "\" (and by default it omits comments altogether).

<?processing instruction>

Processing instructions are output as

?processing instruction


    

I.e., a single line starting with a "?" followed by the text of the processing instruction. The text is escaped as for comments (see above).

<!DOCTYPE root PUBLIC "-//foo//DTD bar//EN" "http://example.org/dtd">

DOCTYPEs are output as one of the following:

!root "-//foo//DTD bar//EN" http://example.org/dtd
!root "-//foo//DTD bar//EN"
!root "" http://example.org/dtd
!root ""


    

for respectively: a DOCTYPE with (1) both a public and a system identifier, (2) only a public identifier, (3) only a system identifier, or (4) neither of the two. I.e., a single line starting with a "!", followed by a space and a possibly empty quoted string, followed optionally by a space and arbitrary text. Note the quotes for the public identifier and the absence of quotes for the system identifier.

<elt att1="value1" att2="value2">

A start tag is output as

Aatt1 CDATA value1
Aatt2 CDATA value2
(elt


    

I.e., as zero or more lines for the attributes and one line for the element type. Each line for an attribute starts with "A" followed by the name of the attribute, a space, the literal string "CDATA", another space, and the attribute value. The text of the attribute value is escaped as for comments (see above). The line for the element type starts with "(" followed by the element type.

hxpipe does not read DTDs and assumes that attributes are always CDATA. It never generates other types (IMPLIED, TOKEN, ID, etc.), unlike onsgmls.

</elt>

End tags are output as

)elt


    

I.e., as a line starting with ")" followed by the element type.

<empty att1="val1" att2="val2"/>

Empty elements are output as

Aatt1 CDATA val1
Aatt2 CDATA val2
|empty


    

I.e., as zero or more lines for attributes and one line starting with "|" followed by the element type.

Note that onsgmls never outputs "|". (However, it can optionally output a line consisting of a single "e" just before the "(" line, to indicate that the element is empty.)

text

Text is output as

-text


    

I.e., as a single line starting with a "-". The text is escaped as for comments (see above).

line numbers

When the -l option is in effect, hxpipe will intersperse the output with lines of the form

L12


    

where "12" is replaced with the line number in the source where the next output came from.

hxpipe normalizes the input only in the sense that it outputs attributes in a fixed order (alphabetical, but not locale-dependent). It does not read a DTD and thus cannot remove redundant white space and cannot add implied attributes. It does not expand character entities. (But you can pipe the input through hxunent beforehand.) It also does not add implied tags. (But see the -H option.)

OPTIONS

The following options are supported:

-l

Add "L" lines to the output to indicate the line numbers in the source. Currently does not work together with the -H
option.

-H

Apply special rules for HTML. Normally, hxpipe assumes well-formed XML. With this option, hxpipe will assume the input is HTML and will add implied tags, recognize empty elements and treat the contents of <script> and <style> elements as literal text.

OPERANDS

The following operand is supported:

file-or-URL

The name or URL of an HTML file. If absent, standard input is read instead.

EXIT STATUS

The following exit values are returned:

0

Successful completion.

> 0

An error occurred in the parsing of the HTML file. hxpipe will try to correct the error and produce output anyway.

ENVIRONMENT

To use a proxy to retrieve remote files, set the environment variables http_proxy and ftp_proxy. E.g., http_proxy="http://localhost:8080/"

BUGS

The error recovery for incorrect HTML is primitive.

hxpipe can currently only retrieve remote files over HTTP. It doesn't handle password-protected files, nor files whose content depends on HTTP "cookies."

Option -l ought to work also with HTML input (option -H).

SEE ALSO

hxunpipe(1), hxunent(1), onsgmls(1).