|
|
| |
SED(1) |
User Commands |
SED(1) |
sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text
sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script}
[input-file]...
Sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text
transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in
some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as
ed), sed works by making only one pass over the input(s), and is
consequently more efficient. But it is sed's ability to filter text in
a pipeline which particularly distinguishes it from other types of editors.
-n, --quiet, --silent
- suppress automatic printing of pattern space
-e script, --expression=script
- add the script to the commands to be executed
-f script-file, --file=script-file
- add the contents of script-file to the commands to be executed
--follow-symlinks
- follow symlinks when processing in place
-i[SUFFIX], --in-place[=SUFFIX]
- edit files in place (makes backup if SUFFIX supplied)
-c, --copy
- use copy instead of rename when shuffling files in -i mode
-b, --binary
- does nothing; for compatibility with WIN32/CYGWIN/MSDOS/EMX ( open files
in binary mode (CR+LFs are not treated specially))
-l N, --line-length=N
- specify the desired line-wrap length for the `l' command
--posix
- disable all GNU extensions.
-r, --regexp-extended
- use extended regular expressions in the script.
-s, --separate
- consider files as separate rather than as a single continuous long
stream.
-u, --unbuffered
- load minimal amounts of data from the input files and flush the output
buffers more often
-z, --null-data
- separate lines by NUL characters
--help
- display this help and exit
--version
- output version information and exit
If no -e, --expression, -f, or --file
option is given, then the first non-option argument is taken as the sed
script to interpret. All remaining arguments are names of input files; if no
input files are specified, then the standard input is read.
GNU sed home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>.
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>. E-mail
bug reports to: <bug-sed@gnu.org>. Be sure to include the word ``sed''
somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field.
This is just a brief synopsis of sed commands to serve as a reminder to
those who already know sed; other documentation (such as the texinfo
document) must be consulted for fuller descriptions.
- : label
- Label for b and t commands.
- #comment
- The comment extends until the next newline (or the end of a -e
script fragment).
- }
- The closing bracket of a { } block.
- =
- Print the current line number.
- a \
- text
- Append text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a
backslash.
- i \
- text
- Insert text, which has each embedded newline preceded by a
backslash.
- q [exit-code]
- Immediately quit the sed script without processing any more input,
except that if auto-print is not disabled the current pattern space will
be printed. The exit code argument is a GNU extension.
- Q [exit-code]
- Immediately quit the sed script without processing any more input.
This is a GNU extension.
- r filename
- Append text read from filename.
- R filename
- Append a line read from filename. Each invocation of the command
reads a line from the file. This is a GNU extension.
- {
- Begin a block of commands (end with a }).
- b label
- Branch to label; if label is omitted, branch to end of
script.
- c \
- text
- Replace the selected lines with text, which has each embedded
newline preceded by a backslash.
- d
- Delete pattern space. Start next cycle.
- D
- If pattern space contains no newline, start a normal new cycle as if the d
command was issued. Otherwise, delete text in the pattern space up to the
first newline, and restart cycle with the resultant pattern space, without
reading a new line of input.
- h H
- Copy/append pattern space to hold space.
- g G
- Copy/append hold space to pattern space.
- l
- List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form.
- l width
- List out the current line in a ``visually unambiguous'' form, breaking it
at width characters. This is a GNU extension.
- n N
- Read/append the next line of input into the pattern space.
- p
- Print the current pattern space.
- P
- Print up to the first embedded newline of the current pattern space.
- s/regexp/replacement/
- Attempt to match regexp against the pattern space. If successful,
replace that portion matched with replacement. The
replacement may contain the special character & to refer
to that portion of the pattern space which matched, and the special
escapes \1 through \9 to refer to the corresponding matching
sub-expressions in the regexp.
- t label
- If a s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line was
read and since the last t or T command, then branch to label; if
label is omitted, branch to end of script.
- T label
- If no s/// has done a successful substitution since the last input line
was read and since the last t or T command, then branch to label;
if label is omitted, branch to end of script. This is a GNU
extension.
- w filename
- Write the current pattern space to filename.
- W filename
- Write the first line of the current pattern space to filename. This
is a GNU extension.
- x
- Exchange the contents of the hold and pattern spaces.
- y/source/dest/
- Transliterate the characters in the pattern space which appear in
source to the corresponding character in dest.
Sed commands can be given with no addresses, in which case the command
will be executed for all input lines; with one address, in which case the
command will only be executed for input lines which match that address; or
with two addresses, in which case the command will be executed for all input
lines which match the inclusive range of lines starting from the first address
and continuing to the second address. Three things to note about address
ranges: the syntax is addr1,addr2 (i.e., the addresses are
separated by a comma); the line which addr1 matched will always be
accepted, even if addr2 selects an earlier line; and if addr2 is
a regexp, it will not be tested against the line that addr1
matched.
After the address (or address-range), and before the command, a
! may be inserted, which specifies that the command shall only be
executed if the address (or address-range) does not match.
The following address types are supported:
- number
- Match only the specified line number (which increments cumulatively
across files, unless the -s option is specified on the command
line).
- first~step
- Match every step'th line starting with line first. For
example, ``sed -n 1~2p'' will print all the odd-numbered lines in the
input stream, and the address 2~5 will match every fifth line, starting
with the second. first can be zero; in this case, sed
operates as if it were equal to step. (This is an extension.)
- $
- Match the last line.
- /regexp/
- Match lines matching the regular expression regexp.
- \cregexpc
- Match lines matching the regular expression regexp. The c
may be any character.
GNU sed also supports some special 2-address forms:
- 0,addr2
- Start out in "matched first address" state, until addr2
is found. This is similar to 1,addr2, except that if addr2
matches the very first line of input the 0,addr2 form will be at
the end of its range, whereas the 1,addr2 form will still be at the
beginning of its range. This works only when addr2 is a regular
expression.
- addr1,+N
- Will match addr1 and the N lines following
addr1.
- addr1,~N
- Will match addr1 and the lines following addr1 until the
next line whose input line number is a multiple of N.
POSIX.2 BREs should be supported, but they aren't completely because of
performance problems. The \n sequence in a regular expression matches
the newline character, and similarly for \a, \t, and other
sequences.
E-mail bug reports to bug-sed@gnu.org. Also, please include the output of
``sed --version'' in the body of your report if at all possible.
Written by Jay Fenlason, Tom Lord, Ken Pizzini, and Paolo Bonzini. GNU sed home
page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>. General help using GNU
software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>. E-mail bug reports to:
<bug-sed@gnu.org>. Be sure to include the word ``sed'' somewhere in the
``Subject:'' field.
Copyright © 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL
version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO
WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
awk(1), ed(1), grep(1), tr(1), perlre(1),
sed.info, any of various books on sed, the sed FAQ
(http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/tutorials/sedfaq.txt), http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/.
The full documentation for sed is maintained as a Texinfo
manual. If the info and sed programs are properly installed at
your site, the command
- info sed
should give you access to the complete manual.
Visit the GSP FreeBSD Man Page Interface. Output converted with ManDoc. |