NAME

parallel - run programs in parallel

SYNOPSIS

parallel [options] [command]-- [argument ...]

parallel [options]-- [command ...]

DESCRIPTION

parallel runs the specified command, passing it a single one of the specified arguments. This is repeated for each argument. Jobs may be run in parallel. The default is to run one job per CPU.

If no command is specified before the --, the commands after it are instead run in parallel.

OPTIONS

-j maxjobs

Use to limit the number of jobs that are run at the same time.

-l maxload

Wait as needed to avoid starting new jobs when the system's load average is not below the specified limit.

-i

Normally the command is passed the argument at the end of its command line. With this option, any instances of "{}" in the command are replaced with the argument.

-n

Number of arguments to pass to a command at a time. Default is 1. Incompatible with -i

EXAMPLE

parallel sh -c "echo hi; sleep 2; echo bye" -- 1 2 3

This runs three subshells that each print a message, delay, and print another message. If your system has multiple CPUs, parallel will run some of the jobs in parallel, which should be clear from the order the messages are output.

parallel -j 3 ufraw -o processed -- *.NEF

This runs three ufraw processes at the same time until all of the NEF files have been processed.

parallel -j 3 -- ls df "echo hi"

This runs three independent commands in parallel.

EXIT STATUS

Its exit status is the combination of the exit statuses of each command ran, ORed together. (Thus, if any one command exits nonzero, parallel as a whole will exit nonzero.)

NOTES

All output to stdout and stderr is serialised through a corresponding internal pipe, in order to prevent annoying concurrent output behaviour. Note that serialisation is not done on any other file descriptors and file position based access to a nonstandard file descriptor might have unexpected results.

AUTHOR

Tollef Fog Heen