̾??

pkg_create — ???եȥ????????? package ???????????ץ???????

????

pkg_create [-YNOhjvyz] [-C conflicts] [-P pkgs] [-p prefix] [-i iscript] [-I piscript] [-k dscript] [-K pdscript] [-r rscript] [-s srcdir] [-S basedir] [-t template] [-X excludefile] [-D displayfile] [-m mtreefile] [-o originpath] -c comment -d description -f packlist pkg-filename pkg_create [-YNhvy] -b pkg-name [pkg-filename]

????

???? pkg_create ???ޥ??ɤϡ?package Ÿ??/?????ץ??????????Ϥ????? package (????: FreeBSD ?? package system ?ˤ??????ѥå????????ؤ??????ˤ???ɽ?????ޤ?) ?????????ޤ??? package ?????Τ????????Ϥ????????ȥ??ޥ??ɥ饤?????? ???????ʹ֤????????뤳?Ȥ??տޤ??Ƥ??ޤ??󤬡? ???????뤳?Ȥ???ñ?ˤǤ??ޤ??? ???ϤǤɤ??ˤ????뤳?Ȥ???ǽ?Ǥ??????????ˤϥե????ȥ????ɥġ????? ?Ѥ????????????Ǥ??礦?? ?ȤϤ??????ΤΡ????Ͻ񼰤γ?ά?Ϥ???ʸ???˴ޤޤ??Ƥ??ޤ???

???ץ?????

?ʲ??Υ??ޥ??ɥ饤?󥪥ץ????????󶡤????Ƥ??ޤ?:

-f packinglist: ?ե????? packinglist ???顢?⤷???? packinglist ?? - (???å???)?Ǥ????? stdin ???顢package ?Ѥ? “packing list” ?????????ޤ???
-c [-]desc: ?ե????? desc ???顢?⤷??????Ƭ?? - ?ǻϤޤäƤ????а??????Ȥ??顢package ?? “????????” ?????????ޤ??? ????ʸ?????ϡ?package ???󶡤??????ΤΥС??????????Τ? ?꤬?????Ȥʤ??٤??Ǥ???
-d [-]desc: ?ե????? desc ???顢?⤷??????Ƭ?? - ?ǻϤޤäƤ????а??????Ȥ??顢package ??Ĺ???????????????ޤ???
-Y: ???????Ф??ƤΥǥե????Ȥβ????? `Yes' ?Ȥ??ޤ???
-N: ???????Ф??ƤΥǥե????Ȥβ????? `No' ?Ȥ??ޤ???
-O: `packing list Only' ?⡼?ɤ˰ܹԤ??ޤ??? ?????? FreeBSD Ports Collection ?Τ????????̤ʽ????Ǥ??ꡢport ?????󥹥ȡ??뤵???????? `fake pkg_add' ???Ԥ????????Ѥ??????ޤ??? ???Τ褦?ʾ????ˤϡ?Ĵ?????줿?ǽ?Ū?? packing list ?? ?ɤΤ褦?ʤ??Τˤʤ뤫???Τ?ɬ?פ??????ΤǤ???
-v: ?????ʽ??Ϥ??ڤ??ؤ??ޤ???
-h: tar ???????ܥ??å????󥯤򤿤ɤ??褦?ˤ??ޤ??? ???η??̡????󥯼??ȤǤϤʤ??????????Υե????뤬???Ϥ????ޤ???
-i iscript: package ?Υ??󥹥ȡ???????³???Ȥ??? iscript ???Ѥ??ޤ??? ?????ϼ¹Բ?ǽ?ʥץ??????? (?⤷???ϥ????륹?????ץ?) ?ʤ? ?ʤ??Ǥ⹽???ޤ????? ?????? package ?????󥹥ȡ??뤵???????˼?ưŪ?˵?ư?????ޤ??? ???κݡ?package ̾???? 1 ?????Ȥ????Ϥ????ޤ???
??: -I ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ???ʤ????硢 ?ܥ??????ץȤ????? package ?? pre-install ?????? post-install ??ξ???Υ??????ץȤȤ???ư??ޤ??? package ̾?θ??˥?????? PRE-INSTALL ?????? POST-INSTALL ?򤽤줾???Ϥ????Ȥˤ??ꡢ??ǽ???ڤ??ؤ??뤳?Ȥˤʤ??ޤ???
-I piscript: package ?Υ??󥹥ȡ???????³???Ȥ??? piscript ???Ѥ??ޤ??? ?????ϼ¹Բ?ǽ?ʥץ??????? (?⤷???ϥ????륹?????ץ?) ?ʤ? ?ʤ??Ǥ⹽???ޤ????? ?????? package ?????󥹥ȡ??뤵???????˼?ưŪ?˵?ư?????ޤ??? ???κݡ?package ̾???? 1 ?????Ȥ????Ϥ????ޤ???
-C conflicts: ?????? package ???ͥꥹ?ȤȤ??? conflicts ???Ѥ??ޤ??? ?????ϡ??????Ƕ??ڤä? package ̾?Υꥹ?ȤȤߤʤ??졢 packing list ????ʣ???? @conflicts ?ǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤????ꤹ?????ü????ᤤ??ˡ?Ǥ⤢???ޤ? (???Ҥ? PACKING LIST ?ܺ? ???򻲾Ȥ??Ƥ???????)??
-P pkgs: ?????? package ??¸?ꥹ?ȤȤ??? pkgs ???Ѥ??ޤ??? ?????϶????Ƕ??ڤ??줿 package ??̾???Ȥʤ??ޤ??? ?ޤ???packing list (???Ҥ? PACKING LIST ?ܺ? ???????????򻲾?) ????ʣ???? @pkgdep ?ǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤????ꤹ?????ü????ᤤ??ˡ?Ǥ⤢???ޤ??? pkgs ?ꥹ?Ȥγư????? pkgname[:pkgorigin] ?Ȥ????񼰤Ǥ??? ??ά??ǽ?? pkgorigin ???Ǥϡ??ꥹ?Ȥ????γư?¸?ε?????ɽ???? pkgname ?ȶ??? @comment ?ǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤????Ѥ??? packing list ???˵?Ͽ?????ޤ???
-p prefix: package ?Υե??????????򤹤??ݤ? “????” ?Ȥʤ??????ǥ??쥯?ȥ??Ȥ??? prefix ???Ѥ??ޤ???
-k dscript: package ?Υ??󥤥󥹥ȡ?????³???Ȥ??? dscript ???Ѥ??ޤ??? ?????ϼ¹Բ?ǽ?ʥץ??????? (?⤷???ϥ????륹?????ץ?) ?ʤ? ?ʤ??Ǥ⹽???ޤ????? ?????? package ?????󥤥󥹥ȡ??뤵???????˼?ưŪ?˵?ư?????ޤ??? ???κݡ?package ̾???? 1 ?????Ȥ????Ϥ????ޤ???
??: -K ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ???ʤ????硢 ?ܥ??????ץȤ????? package ?? de-install ?????? post-deinstall ??ξ???Υ??????ץȤȤ???ư??ޤ??? package ̾?ȤȤ??˥?????? DEINSTALL ?????? POST-DEINSTALL ?򤽤줾???Ϥ????Ȥˤ??ꡢ??ǽ???ڤ??ؤ??뤳?Ȥˤʤ??ޤ???
-K pdscript: package ?Υ??󥤥󥹥ȡ???????³???Ȥ??? pdscript ???Ѥ??ޤ??? ?????ϼ¹Բ?ǽ?ʥץ??????? (?⤷???ϥ????륹?????ץ?) ?ʤ? ?ʤ??Ǥ⹽???ޤ????? ?????? package ?????󥤥󥹥ȡ??뤵???????˼?ưŪ?˵?ư?????ޤ??? ???κݡ?package ̾???? 1 ?????Ȥ????Ϥ????ޤ???
-r rscript: package ?? “requirements” ??³???Ȥ??? rscript ???Ѥ??ޤ??? ?????ϼ¹Բ?ǽ?ʥץ??????? (?⤷???ϥ????륹?????ץ?) ?ʤ? ?ʤ??Ǥ⹽???ޤ????? ?????ϥ??󥹥ȡ??????????󥤥󥹥ȡ??????˼?ưŪ?˵?ư???졢 ???󥹥ȡ??롢???󥤥󥹥ȡ???????³?????٤????ɤ????????ꤹ???Τ? ?Ѥ??????ޤ??? ???󥹥ȡ????ȥ??󥤥󥹥ȡ????????̤??뤿???ˡ???????? INSTALL ?? DEINSTALL ?????줾?졢package ̾?ȶ????Ϥ????ޤ???
-s srcdir: package ???????? srcdir ?ϡ? @cwd ???ͤ?ͥ?褷?ޤ???
-S basedir: package ?????δ֡? basedir ?????٤Ƥ? @cwd ???????դ??????ޤ???
-t template: mktemp(3) ?ؤ????ϤȤ??? template ???Ѥ??ޤ??? ?????ϥǥե????ȤǤ? /tmp/instmp.XXXXXX ?Ȥ???ʸ?????Ǥ????? /tmp ?ǥ??쥯?ȥ??????̤????¤????Ƥ????褦?ʾ????Ǥ? ?ѹ?????ɬ?פ????뤫?⤷???ޤ????? mktemp(3) ?????դ? ID ???Ѥ??뤿????ɬ?פ? `X' ??ʸ???򤤤??Ĥ??Ĥ??Ƥ??? ???Ȥ?˺???ʤ??Ǥ?????????
-X excludefile: ?ǽ?Ū?? package ???????????ݤˡ? excludefile ?? tar ?? -exclude-from ?????Ȥ????Ϥ??ޤ??? ???Υ??ץ????????Ȥ??ˤ????äƤξܤ????????ϡ? tar ?Υޥ˥奢???ڡ??? (?⤷???? --help ???????դ??? tar ???¹?) ?򻲾Ȥ??Ƥ?????????
-D displayfile: package ?򥤥󥹥ȡ??뤷?????˥ե??????? (Ϣ?뤷??ɸ?????Ϥ?) ɽ?????ޤ??? ?֤ۤȤ??? free ?ʥ??եȥ??????פʤɤˤ????ơ? ˡŪ?????ΤΤ褦?ʤ??Τʤɤ??????Ǥ??礦??
-m mtreefile: package ?????󥹥ȡ??뤵???????ˡ?mtreefile ?????ϤȤ??? mtree(8) ???¹Ԥ??ޤ???mtree ?? mtree -u -f mtreefile -d -e -p prefix ?Ȥ??Ƶ?ư?????ޤ? (?????? prefix ?? @cwd ?ǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤ˤ???̾?դ????줿?ǽ??Υǥ??쥯?ȥ???̾??)??
-o originpath: originpath ???? FreeBSD Ports Collection ???? package ?????????줿?????Ȥ??Ƶ?Ͽ???ޤ??? ???ν񼰤ϡ? MASTERCATEGORY/PORTDIR ?Ǥ????٤??Ǥ???
-j: package ?? tarball ?򰵽̤??뤿???ˡ? bzip2(1) ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??? gzip(1) ???????˻??Ѥ??ޤ??? ?ǽ?Ū?ʥ????????֤ν񼰤???ǧ????ǽ?ʥ??ե??å????ˤ??ä? pkg-filename ??????Ū?˻??ꤵ???Ƥ??????硢?ܥ??ץ???????̵???Ǥ??뤳?Ȥ????դ??Ƥ????????? ???? pkg_create ?ϡ????Υ??ե??å?????ǧ?????ޤ?: .tbz, .tgz, .tar ??
-y: ?ߴ????Τ????Ρ? -j ??Ʊ?????Ǥ???
-z: package ?? tarball ?򰵽̤??뤿???ˡ? gzip(1) ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??????Ѥ??ޤ???
-b pkg-name: pkg-name ?Ȥ???̾???ǥ????????˥??󥹥ȡ??뤵?줿 package ???顢 package ?ե??????????????ޤ??? pkg-filename ?????ꤵ???ʤ????硢?ǽ?Ū?ʥ????????֤ϥ??????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ??˺??????졢 pkg-name ???Ф??ƿ?Ĺ?Ѥ?Ŭ?ڤʥ??ե??å??????դ???̾???Ȥʤ??ޤ???

PACKING LIST ?ܺ?

“packing list” ?ν??? ( -f ?򻲾?) ??ñ???ǡ?package ?˴ޤ????ե?????̾?????ԤˤĤ??ҤȤĤ??? ?¤٤????Τˤ????ޤ????? ?ɤ??˥??󥹥ȡ??뤵???뤫?狼???ʤ? package ???Ф??????Хѥ??? ?Ѥ????Τϰ???Ū?˰?????ˡ?ʤΤǡ? ?ɤ??˥??󥹥ȡ??뤵???뤳?Ȥ????ꤷ?Ƥ????Τ??? ?????Ƥɤ??? ownership ?? mode ??ȼ?äƥ??󥹥ȡ??뤵?????٤??ʤΤ? (???????ϥ??ץ?????) ?????ꤹ????ˡ???Ѱդ????Ƥ??ޤ??? ?????? packing list ???˰?Ϣ???ü쥳?ޥ??ɤ? ???????ळ?ȤǼ¸??????Ƥ??ޤ????ʲ??˴?ñ?˼????ޤ?:

@cwd directory

?????Υǥ??쥯?ȥ??ݥ??󥿤? directory ???ؤ??褦?ˤ??ޤ????ʹߤΥե?????̾?Ϥ??Υǥ??쥯?ȥ??ؤ????Хѥ? ?Ǥ????Ȥߤʤ????ޤ??? ??: @cd ?Ϥ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ???̾?Ǥ???

@srcdir directory

?ֺ??????Τߡפ??????ǥ??쥯?ȥ??ݥ??󥿤? directory ?????ꤷ?ޤ??? package ???????? @cwd ??ͥ?褹???ȸ????ޤ?????Ÿ?????ˤϤ????Ϥ??ƤϤޤ??ޤ?????

@exec command

Ÿ???????ΰ??ĤȤ??? command ???¹Ԥ??ޤ??? command ???ʲ???ʸ???????ޤ??Ǥ??????硢???ξ????ִ??????ޤ??? ?ʲ??????Ǥ? @cwd ?? /usr/local ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ơ??Ǹ???Ÿ?????줿?ե????뤬 bin/emacs ???ä??Ȥ??Ƥ??ޤ???

%F: ?Ǹ???Ÿ?????줿?ե?????̾???ִ??????ޤ??????????Ǥ? bin/emacs ?Ȥʤ??ޤ???
%D: @cwd ?????ꤵ?줿???????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ??ץ??ե??å??????ִ??????ޤ??? ???????Ǥ? /usr/local ?ˤʤ??ޤ???
%B: ?????? (?ե??ѥ???) ?ե?????̾?? “basename” ???ִ??????ޤ??? ?????ϥ??????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ??ץ??ե??å????˺Ǹ??? filespec ?? ?ä????????Υե?????̾??ʬ???????????ΤǤ??? ???????Ǥϡ? /usr/local/bin ?ˤʤ??ޤ???
%f: ?????? (?ե??ѥ????ޤ?) ?ե?????̾?? “filename” ??ʬ???ִ??????ޤ??? %B ???б????Ƥ??ơ????????Ǥ? emacs ?Ȥʤ??ޤ???

@unexec command

???󥤥󥹥ȡ????????ΰ??ĤȤ??? command ???¹Ԥ??ޤ??????̤? % ʸ???????ִ??? @exec ??Ʊ?ͤǤ??? ???Υ??ޥ??ɤ? @exec ?Τ褦?? package ???ä????ݤ˼¹Ԥ??????ΤǤϤʤ???package ?? ???????????Ȥ??˼¹Ԥ????ޤ??? ?????ϡ?package ???ä????Ȥ??˺????줿???󥯤?¾?? ?տ??ե????? (package ?????ư????˵??????Ƥ????ե??????ϼ?ưŪ?? ???????????Τǽ???) ???????????Τ??????Ǥ??? ???󥤥󥹥ȡ??륹?????ץȤ????? @unexec ???Ѥ???????ͭ???????ϡ??ɤ??˥??󥹥ȡ??뤵???Ƥ??뤫?狼???ʤ? ( -p ?򻲾?) ?ե??????ξ??????????Τ? “?ü?ʸ?????ִ?” ???Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ? ??ǽ?ʤ??ȤǤ???

@mode mode

???θ???Ÿ???????뤹?٤ƤΥե??????Υǥե????Ȥε???°???? mode ?????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?񼰤? chmod ???ޥ??ɤ??Ѥ??????Ƥ??????Τ?Ʊ???Ǥ? (?Ȥ????????⡢???Τޤ? ?Ϥ????Ƥ??ޤ?)?? ????̵?????Ѥ????ȡ??ǥե????Ȥ? (Ÿ??) ????°?????ᤷ?ޤ???

@option option

?????? package ???ץ??????????ꤷ?ޤ??? ???????ĤΥ??ץ??????Τߤ????ݡ??Ȥ????Ƥ??ޤ??? ?ҤȤĤ? extract-in-place ?ǡ??????? pkg_add ???ޥ??ɤ? package ?? tarball ?? staging area ??Ÿ???????ˡ???Ū?γ??ؤ?ľ??Ÿ???????褦?ؼ????ޤ? (?????ϼ???????ʪ??¾???ü??? package ?ʤɤ??Ѥ??????ޤ?)?? ?⤦?ҤȤĤ? preserve ?ǡ?¸?ߤ????ե????????̤ν?????¸???Ƥ????褦 pkg_add ?˻ؼ????ޤ? (???????? pkg_delete ?λ??????褷?ޤ???????ʬ????Ǥ?ǹԤäƤ???????)??

@owner user

???θ???Ÿ???????뤹?٤ƤΥե??????Υǥե????Ȥ? ownership ?? user ?????ꤷ?ޤ??? ????̵?????Ѥ????ȡ??ǥե????Ȥ? (Ÿ??) ownership ???ᤷ?ޤ???

@group group

???θ???Ÿ???????뤹?٤ƤΥե??????Υǥե????Ȥ? group ownership ?? group ?????ꤷ?ޤ??? ????̵?????Ѥ????ȡ??ǥե????Ȥ? (Ÿ??) group ownership ???ᤷ?ޤ???

@comment string

packing list ???˥??????Ȥ????????ߤޤ??? ï???????Ǵְ㤨?Ƥ??ޤ????⤷???ʤ??ä?????????ʬ?????????褦?Ȥ??? ???????????Ǥ???

@ignore

?ü?????Ū?˻Ȥ??????ե??????ʤɤΤ??ᡢŸ?????˼??Υե??????? ̵?뤹?? (?ɤ??ˤ⥳?ԡ????ʤ?) ?褦?ˡ????????Ѥ??????ޤ???

@ignore_inst

@ignore ??Ʊ?ͤǤ????????Υե???????̵?뤹???Τϰ?ɾ?????????????? ?٤餻?????ޤ??? ???Τ??????Ǥ??Υǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤? packinglist ?ե??????????Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ???ǽ?ˤʤ??Τǡ????󥹥ȡ??餬 ̵?뤹???褦?ʡ????󥹥ȡ??륹?????ץȤʤɤΤ??????ü??? ?ǡ????ե?????????????ʪ?????????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ????褦?ˤʤ??ޤ???

@name name

package ??̾???????ꤷ?ޤ??? ??????ɬ?ܹ??ܤǤ??ꡢ?̾???Ƭ???֤????ޤ??? ????̾???? package ???󶡤????ե???????̾???Ȥϰۤʤ???ǽ???????ꡢ ???ǥ??󥤥󥹥ȡ??뤹?????Τ????? package ?ε?Ͽ???Ĥ??Ƥ????Τ˻Ȥ????ޤ??? ̾???????ꤵ???ʤ??ä??????ˤϡ? pkg_create ?? package ̾???????ꤷ????ưŪ?????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ????դ??Ƥ?????????

@dirrm name

?ǥ??쥯?ȥ? name ?????󥤥󥹥ȡ??????˺??????????褦???????ޤ????ǥե????ȤǤϡ? package ?Υ??󥹥ȡ??????˺??????줿?ǥ??쥯?ȥ??? ???󥤥󥹥ȡ??????ˤϺ????????ޤ??󤬡????Υǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤?????Ū?? ?ǥ??쥯?ȥ???????ˡ???󶡤??ޤ??? ???Υǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤? package ?ꥹ?ȤκǸ????Ѥ????褦?ˤ??Ƥ????????? ???İʾ??? @dirrm ?ǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤????ꤵ?줿???硢???ꤵ?줿???֤˺????????ޤ??? name ?϶????ǥ??쥯?ȥ??Ǥʤ????к????????ޤ?????

@mtree name

name ?򡢥??󥹥ȡ????????Ѥ??????? mtree(8) ?ؤ????ϥե??????Ȥ??????????ޤ? (???Ҥ? -m ?򻲾?)???ǽ??ˤҤȤĤ??? @mtree ?ǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ??侩?????ޤ???

@display name

name ?򡢥??󥹥ȡ???????ɽ?????????ե??????Ȥ??????????ޤ? (???Ҥ? -D ?򻲾?)??

@pkgdep pkgname

package pkgname ?˰?¸???뤳?Ȥ????????ޤ??? package pkgname ?Ϥ??? package ?????󥹥ȡ??뤵???????˥??󥹥ȡ??뤵???Ƥ??ʤ????? ?ʤ餺???ޤ????? package ?? package pkgname ?????󥤥󥹥ȡ??뤵???????˥??󥤥󥹥ȡ??뤵???ʤ????Фʤ??ޤ????? package ??ʣ???? package ?˰?¸?????????ˤϡ?ʣ???? @pkgdep ?ǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤??Ѥ??????ޤ???

@conflicts pkgcflname

pkgcflname package ?Ȥξ??ͤ????????ޤ??? ?????ϡ??դ??Ĥ? package ??Ʊ???ե??????ؤλ??Ȥ??????? Ʊ?쥷???ƥ??˶?¸?Ǥ??ʤ????Ȥ???ͳ?Ǥ???

?Ķ??ѿ?

?Ķ??ѿ? PKG_TMPDIR ?ǡ? pkg_create ???????ѥե????????????????ߤ??ǥ??쥯?ȥ???̾???????ꤷ?ޤ??? PKG_TMPDIR ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????硢 TMPDIR ?ǻ??ꤵ?줿?ǥ??쥯?ȥ꤬???Ѥ????ޤ??? PKG_TMPDIR ?? TMPDIR ?Ȥ??????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??????ϡ??Ȥ߹??ߤΥǥե????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ꤬ ???Ѥ????ޤ???

??Ϣ?ե?????

/var/tmp: ?Ķ??ѿ? PKG_TMPDIR ?? TMPDIR ???Ȥ??????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??????κ????ѥǥ??쥯?ȥꡣ
/tmp: /var/tmp ??¸?ߤ??ʤ??????Ρ????μ????????衣
/usr/tmp: /tmp ??Ŭ?ڤǤʤ??????Ρ??Ǹ????????衣

??Ϣ????

pkg_add(1), pkg_delete(1), pkg_info(1), pkg_version(1), sysconf(3)

????

pkg_create ???ޥ??ɤ? FreeBSD ?Ǻǽ????о줷?ޤ?????

????

Jordan Hubbard

???ϼ?

John Kohl ⟨jtk@rational.com⟩, Oliver Eikemeier ⟨eik@FreeBSD.org⟩

?Х?

package ??Ÿ?????????ݤ˥ϡ??ɥ??󥯤???¸???Ƥ????????ˡ? ????ʪ?Υե??????֤ǤΥϡ??ɥ??󥯤? @cwd ?ǥ??쥯?ƥ??֤ǳ??????Ƥ??ʤ????Фʤ??ޤ????? ???ξ塢?¹Ի??ΰ?????Ĺ???????? (?????? sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX) ?ˤ????֤??????ͤ˰?¸???ޤ?) ?Τ????ˡ????????Υϡ??ɥ??󥯤?ñ???? tar ?¹????ǹԤ????ʤ????Фʤ??ޤ?????

?Х???¾?ˤ⤢???Ϥ??Ǥ???