Top-N Description

rwstats reads SiLK Flow records and groups them by a key composed of user-specified attributes of the flows. For each group (or bin), a collection of aggregate values is computed; these values are typically related to the volume of the bin, such as the sum of the bytes fields for all records that match the key. The first aggregate value is called the primary aggregate value.

Once all the SiLK Flow records are read, rwstats sorts the bins by the primary aggregate value in either decreasing order (for a top-N list) or increasing order (for a bottom-N list). The ordering of bins that have the same primary aggregate value is arbitrary. The bins are printed as text, and the number of bins to print may be specified as a fixed value (e.g., print 10 bins), as a threshold (print bins whose byte count is greater than 400), or as a percentage of the total volume across all bins (print bins that contain at least 10% of all the packets).

The user must provide the --fields switch to select the flow attribute(s) (or field(s)) that comprise the key for each bin. The available fields are similar to those supported by rwcut(1); see the description of the --fields switch in the "OPTIONS" section below for the details or run rwstats with the --help-fields switch. The list of fields may be extended by loading PySiLK files (see silkpython(3)) or plug-ins (silk-plugin(3)). The fields are printed in the order in which they occur in the --fields switch. The size of the key is limited to 256 octets. A larger key more quickly uses the available the memory and results in slower performance.

The aggregate value(s) to compute for each bin are also chosen by the user. As with the key fields, the user may extend the list of aggregate fields by using PySiLK or plug-ins. The preferred way to specify the aggregate fields is to use the --values switch; the aggregate fields are printed in the order they occur in the --values switch. If the user does not select any aggregate value(s), rwstats defaults to computing the number of flow records for each bin. As with the key fields, requesting more aggregate values slows performance.

In addition to computing the primary aggregate value for the flows in each bin, rwstats computes that aggregate value across all flow records. When printing the results, the output for each bin includes the ratio of the bin's aggregate value to the total aggregate value (displayed as a percentage). In addition, a cumulative percentage column is printed. When the primary aggregate value is a distinct count, the cumulative percentage may be greater than 100. The percentage columns contain a question mark when the primary aggregate value comes from a plug-in since rwstats does not know whether summing the aggregate values is reasonable. The display of the percentage columns may be suppressed by specifying --no-percents.

rwstats attempts to keep all key and aggregate value data in the computer's memory. If rwstats runs out of memory, the current key and aggregate value data is written to a temporary file. Once all input has been processed, the data from the temporary files is merged to produce the final output. By default, these temporary files are stored in the /tmp directory. Because these files can be large, it is strongly recommended that /tmp not be used as the temporary directory. To modify the temporary directory used by rwstats, provide the --temp-directory switch, set the SILK_TMPDIR environment variable, or set the TMPDIR environment variable.

rwstats may also run out of memory if the requested Top-N is too large.

The --presorted-input switch may allow rwstats to process data more efficiently by causing rwstats to assume the input has been previously sorted with the rwsort(1) command. With this switch, rwstats does not need large amounts of memory during the binning stage because it does not bin each flow; instead, it keeps a running summation for the bin. When the key changes, the bin's primary aggregate value is compared with those of the current Top-N (or Bottom-N) to see if the new bin is a closer to the top (or bottom). For the output to be meaningful, rwsort and rwstats must be invoked with the same --fields value. When multiple input files are specified and --presorted-input is given, rwstats merge-sorts the flow records from the input files. rwstats usually runs faster if you do not include the --presorted-input switch when counting distinct IP addresses, even when reading sorted input. Finally, you may get unusual results with --presorted-input when the --fields switch contains multiple time-related key fields ("sTime", "duration", "eTime"), or when the time-related key is not the final key listed in --fields; see the "NOTES" section for details.

Protocol Statistics Description

Alternatively, rwstats can provide statistics for each of bytes, packets, and bytes-per-packet giving minima, maxima, quartile, and interval flow-counts across all flows or across a list of protocols specified by the user.

Top-N Invocation

To compute a Top-N or Bottom-N list, the key field(s) must be specified. Normally the --fields switch is used to specify the key field(s), but for backward compatibility older switches may be specified (see the "Legacy Switches" section below).

--fields=KEY

KEY contains the list of flow attributes (a.k.a. fields or columns) that make up the key into which flows are binned. The columns are displayed in the order the fields are specified. Each field may be specified once only. KEY is a comma separated list of field-names, field-integers, and ranges of field-integers; a range is specified by separating the start and end of the range with a hyphen (-). Field-names are case insensitive. Example:

 --fields=stime,10,1-5
    

There is no default value for the --fields switch.

The complete list of built-in fields that the SiLK tool suite supports follows, though note that not all fields are present in all SiLK file formats; when a field is not present, its value is 0.

--values=VALUES

When computing a Top-N or Bottom-N, all flows that have the same key field(s) are binned together. For each bin, one or more aggregate values are computed as specified by VALUES, a comma separated list of names. Names are case insensitive. The first entry in VALUES is the primary value, and it is used as the basis to compute the Top-N or Bottom-N. If the --values switch is not specified (and no legacy switch that sets values is specified), rwstats counts the number of flow records for each bin. The aggregate fields are printed in the order they occur in VALUES. The names of the built-in value fields follow. This list can be augmented through the use of PySiLK and plug-ins.

--plugin=PLUGIN

Augment the list of key fields and/or aggregate value fields by using run-time loading of the plug-in (shared object) whose path is PLUGIN. The switch may be repeated to load multiple plug-ins. The creation of plug-ins is described in the silk-plugin(3) manual page. When PLUGIN does not contain a slash ("/"), rwstats attempts to find a file named PLUGIN in the directories listed in the "FILES" section. If rwstats finds the file, it uses that path. If PLUGIN contains a slash or if rwstats does not find the file, rwstats relies on your operating system's dlopen(3) call to find the file. When the SILK_PLUGIN_DEBUG environment variable is non-empty, rwstats prints status messages to the standard error as it attempts to find and open each of its plug-ins.

--pmap-file=PATH

--pmap-file=MAPNAME:PATH

Load the prefix map file located at PATH and create fields named src-map-name and dst-map-name where map-name is either the MAPNAME part of the argument or the map-name specified when the file was created (see rwpmapbuild(1)). If no map-name is available, rwstats names the fields "sval" and "dval". Specify PATH as "-" or "stdin" to read from the standard input. The switch may be repeated to load multiple prefix map files, but each prefix map must use a unique map-name. The --pmap-file switch(es) must precede the --fields switch. See also pmapfilter(3).

--pmap-column-width=NUM

When printing a label associated with a prefix map, this switch gives the maximum number of characters to use when displaying the textual value of the field.

--python-file=PATH

When the SiLK Python plug-in is used, rwstats reads the Python code from the file PATH to define additional fields that can be used as part of the key or as an aggregate value. This file should call register_field() for each field it wishes to define. For details and examples, see the silkpython(3) and pysilk(3) manual pages.

To determine the value of N for a Top-N (or Bottom-N) list, one of the following switches must be specified. The primary value may limit which switch may be specified.

--count=COUNT

Print the COUNT bins with the largest (or smallest) primary values. When COUNT is 0, all bins are printed. If COUNT is 0 and rwstats runs out of memory while attempting to sort all bins, rwstats prints the Top-N or Bottom-N bins using the amount of memory it was able to allocate. rwstats did not accept a value of 0 for COUNT prior to SiLK 3.12.0.

--threshold=THESHOLD

Print the bins where the primary value is greater-than (or less-than) the value THESHOLD. Using this switch when the primary value comes from a plug-in causes rwstats to exit with an error. If rwstats runs out of memory while locating all bins that meet the threshold, rwstats prints the Top-N or Bottom-N bins using the amount of memory it was able to allocate. rwstats did not accept a value of 0 for THESHOLD prior to SiLK 3.12.0.

--percentage=PERCENT

Print the bins where the primary value is greater-than (or less-than) PERCENT percent of the sum of the primary values across all bins. PERCENT may be a floating point value between 0.0 and 100.0 inclusive. To use this switch, the --presorted-input switch must not be present and the primary value must be "Bytes", "Packets", "Records", or a distinct count. If rwstats runs out of memory while locating all bins that meet the percentage, rwstats prints the Top-N or Bottom-N using the amount of memory it was able to allocate. The value of PERCENT was required to be an integer prior to SiLK 3.12.0. Support for computing the percentages of distinct counts was added in SiLK 3.16.0.

To determine whether to compute the Top-N or the Bottom-N, specify one of the following switches. If neither switch is given, --top is assumed:

--top

Sort the bins in order of decreasing primary aggregate value. This is the default behavior.

--bottom

Sort the bins in order of increasing primary aggregate value.

Protocol Statistics Invocation

The following switches compute and print, for each of bytes, packets, and bytes per packet, the minimum value, the maximum value, quartiles, and a count of the number of flows that fall into each of one of ten intervals statistics. These switches may not be combined with the switches that produce Top-N or Bottom-N lists.

--overall-stats

Print intervals and quartiles across all flows that were read by rwstats.

--detail-proto-stats=PROTO[,PROTO...]

Print intervals and quartiles for each individual protocol listed as an argument. The argument should be a comma separated list of protocols or ranges of protocols: "1-6,17". Specifying this option implies --overall-stats.

Miscellaneous Switches

The following switches are available when rwstats is running in either mode, though many only applicable to the Top-N mode.

--presorted-input

Cause rwstats to assume that it is reading sorted input; i.e., that rwstats's input file(s) were generated by rwsort(1) using the exact same value for the --fields switch. When no distinct counts are being computed, rwstats can process its input without needing to write temporary files. When multiple input files are specified, rwstats merge-sorts the flow records from the input files. When using --presorted-input and computing a Top-N or Bottom-N, the --percentage limit cannot be used. See the "NOTES" section for issues that may occur when using --presorted-input.

--no-percents

For the Top-N invocation, do not print the percent-of-total and cumulative-percentage columns. These columns contain a question mark when the primary aggregate value comes from a plug-in, and this switch allows you to suppress them.

--ipv6-policy=POLICY

Determine how IPv4 and IPv6 flows are handled when SiLK has been compiled with IPv6 support. When the switch is not provided, the SILK_IPV6_POLICY environment variable is checked for a policy. If it is also unset or contains an invalid policy, the POLICY is mix. When SiLK has not been compiled with IPv6 support, IPv6 flows are always ignored, regardless of the value passed to this switch or in the SILK_IPV6_POLICY variable. The supported values for POLICY are:

--bin-time=SECONDS

--bin-time

Adjust the times in the key fields 'sTime' and 'eTime' to appear on SECONDS-second boundaries (the floor of the time is used). As of SiLK 3.17.0, SECONDS may be a fractional value of 0.001 or greater. By default, times appear on 1-second boundaries. When the switch is used but no argument is given, rwstats uses 60-second time bins.

--timestamp-format=FORMAT

Specify the format and/or timezone to use when printing timestamps. When this switch is not specified, the SILK_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT environment variable is checked for a default format and/or timezone. If it is empty or contains invalid values, timestamps are printed in the default format, and the timezone is UTC unless SiLK was compiled with local timezone support. FORMAT is a comma-separated list of a format and/or a timezone. The format is one of:

--epoch-time

Print timestamps as epoch time (number of seconds since midnight GMT on 1970-01-01). This switch is equivalent to --timestamp-format=epoch, it is deprecated as of SiLK 3.0.0, and it will be removed in the SiLK 4.0 release.

--ip-format=FORMAT

Specify how IP addresses are printed, where FORMAT is a comma-separated list of the arguments described below. When this switch is not specified, the SILK_IP_FORMAT environment variable is checked for a value and that format is used if it is valid. The default FORMAT is "canonical". Since SiLK 3.7.0.

--integer-ips

Print IP addresses as integers. This switch is equivalent to --ip-format=decimal, it is deprecated as of SiLK 3.7.0, and it will be removed in the SiLK 4.0 release.

--zero-pad-ips

Print IP addresses as fully-expanded, zero-padded values in their canonical form. This switch is equivalent to --ip-format=zero-padded, it is deprecated as of SiLK 3.7.0, and it will be removed in the SiLK 4.0 release.

--integer-sensors

Print the integer ID of the sensor rather than its name.

--integer-tcp-flags

Print the TCP flag fields (flags, initialFlags, sessionFlags) as an integer value. Typically, the characters "F,S,R,P,A,U,E,C" are used to represent the TCP flags.

--no-titles

Disable section and column titles. By default, titles are printed.

--no-columns

Disable fixed-width columnar output.

--column-separator=C

Use specified character between columns and after the final column. When this switch is not specified, the default of '|' is used.

--no-final-delimiter

Do not print the column separator after the final column. Normally a delimiter is printed.

--delimited

--delimited=C

Run as if --no-columns --no-final-delimiter --column-sep=C had been specified. That is, disable fixed-width columnar output; if character C is provided, it is used as the delimiter between columns instead of the default '|'.

--print-filenames

Print to the standard error the names of input files as they are opened.

--copy-input=PATH

Copy all binary SiLK Flow records read as input to the specified file or named pipe. PATH may be "stdout" or "-" to write flows to the standard output as long as the --output-path switch is specified to redirect rwstats' textual output to a different location.

--output-path=PATH

Write the textual output to PATH, where PATH is a filename, a named pipe, the keyword "stderr" to write the output to the standard error, or the keyword "stdout" or "-" to write the output to the standard output (and bypass the paging program). If PATH names an existing file, rwstats exits with an error unless the SILK_CLOBBER environment variable is set, in which case PATH is overwritten. If this switch is not given, the output is either sent to the pager or written to the standard output.

--pager=PAGER_PROG

When output is to a terminal, invoke the program PAGER_PROG to view the output one screen full at a time. This switch overrides the SILK_PAGER environment variable, which in turn overrides the PAGER variable. If the --output-path switch is given or if the value of the pager is determined to be the empty string, no paging is performed and all output is written to the terminal.

--temp-directory=DIR_PATH

Specify the name of the directory in which to store data files temporarily when the memory is not large enough to store all the bins and their aggregate values. This switch overrides the directory specified in the SILK_TMPDIR environment variable, which overrides the directory specified in the TMPDIR variable, which overrides the default, /tmp.

--site-config-file=FILENAME

Read the SiLK site configuration from the named file FILENAME. When this switch is not provided, rwstats searches for the site configuration file in the locations specified in the "FILES" section.

--legacy-timestamps

--legacy-timestamps=NUM

When NUM is not specified or is 1, this switch is equivalent to --timestamp-format=m/d/y. Otherwise, the switch has no effect. This switch is deprecated as of SiLK 3.0.0, and it will be removed in the SiLK 4.0 release.

--xargs

--xargs=FILENAME

Read the names of the input files from FILENAME or from the standard input if FILENAME is not provided. The input is expected to have one filename per line. rwstats opens each named file in turn and reads records from it as if the filenames had been listed on the command line.

--help

Print the available options and exit. Specifying switches that add new fields, values, or additional switches before --help allows the output to include descriptions of those fields or switches.

--help-fields

Print the description and alias(es) of each field and value and exit. Specifying switches that add new fields before --help-fields allows the output to include descriptions of those fields.

--legacy-help

Print help, including legacy switches. See the "Legacy Switches" section below for these switches.

--version

Print the version number and information about how SiLK was configured, then exit the application.

Legacy Switches

Use of the following switches has been discouraged since SiLK 2.0.0. As of SiLK 3.8.1, the switches are deprecated and they will be removed in SiLK 4.0. For each switch, use the replacement indicated.

--sip

Use: --fields=sip

--sip=CIDR

Use the most significant CIDR bits of the source address as the key. Using this switch with IPv6 data causes an error. The user should use rwnetmask(1) to mask the data prior to processing it with rwstats.

--dip

Use: --fields=dip

--dip=CIDR

Use the most significant CIDR bits of the destination address as the key. Using this switch with IPv6 data causes an error. The user should use rwnetmask to mask the data prior to processing it with rwstats.

--sport

Use: --fields=sport

--dport

Use: --fields=dport

--protocol

Use: --fields=protocol

--icmp

Use: --fields=iType,iCode

--flows

Use: "--values=records"

--packets

Use: "--values=packets"

--bytes

Use: "--values=bytes"

Top-N Examples

Print the top talkers (based on number of flow records, limit to the top four):

 $ rwstats --fields=sip --count=4 data.rw
 INPUT: 549092 Records for 12990 Bins and 549092 Total Records
 OUTPUT: Top 4 Bins by Records
         sIP|     Records|  %Records|   cumul_%|
    10.1.1.1|       36604|  6.666278|  6.666278|
    10.1.1.2|       13897|  2.530906|  9.197184|
    10.1.1.3|       12739|  2.320012| 11.517196|
    10.1.1.4|       11807|  2.150277| 13.667473|

Print the seven hosts that received the most packets:

 $ rwstats --fields=dip --values=packets --count=7 data.rw
 INPUT: 549092 Records for 44654 Bins and 6620587 Total Packets
 OUTPUT: Top 7 Bins by Packets
         dIP|     Packets|  %Packets|   cumul_%|
    10.1.1.1|      217574|  3.286325|  3.286325|
    10.1.1.2|      138177|  2.087081|  5.373407|
    10.1.1.3|      121892|  1.841106|  7.214512|
    10.1.1.4|       97073|  1.466230|  8.680742|
    10.1.1.5|       82284|  1.242851|  9.923593|
    10.1.1.6|       80051|  1.209123| 11.132715|
    10.1.1.7|       73602|  1.111714| 12.244430|

Print the IP pairs that shared 100,000,000 bytes or more:

 $ rwstats --fields=sip,dip --values=byte --threshold=100000000 data.rw
 INPUT: 549092 Records for 107136 Bins and 3410300252 Total Bytes
 OUTPUT: Top 5 Bins by Bytes (threshold 100000000)
         sIP|            dIP|       Bytes|    %Bytes|   cumul_%|
    10.1.1.1|       10.1.1.2|   307478707|  9.016177|  9.016177|
    10.1.1.3|       10.1.1.4|   172164463|  5.048367| 14.064544|
    10.1.1.5|       10.1.1.6|   142059589|  4.165604| 18.230147|
    10.1.1.7|       10.1.1.8|   119388394|  3.500818| 21.730965|
    10.1.1.9|      10.1.1.10|   108268824|  3.174759| 24.905725|

Print the ports that were the source of at least 5% of all records:

 $ rwstats --fields=sport --percentage=5 data.rw
 INPUT: 549092 Records for 56799 Bins and 549092 Total Records
 OUTPUT: Top 3 Bins by Records (5% == 27454)
   sPort|     Records|  %Records|   cumul_%|
      80|       86677| 15.785515| 15.785515|
      53|       64681| 11.779629| 27.565144|
       0|       47760|  8.697996| 36.263140|

Print the destination ports that saw the least number of records (limit to the bottom eight):

 $ rwstats --fields=dport --bottom --count=8 data.rw
 INPUT: 549092 Records for 44772 Bins and 549092 Total Records
 OUTPUT: Bottom 8 Bins by Records
   dPort|     Records|  %Records|   cumul_%|
   19417|           1|  0.000182|  0.000182|
   12110|           1|  0.000182|  0.000364|
   34777|           1|  0.000182|  0.000546|
    8999|           1|  0.000182|  0.000728|
   36404|           1|  0.000182|  0.000911|
   16682|           1|  0.000182|  0.001093|
   27420|           1|  0.000182|  0.001275|
   14162|           1|  0.000182|  0.001457|

Print the source-destination port pairs that shared more than 500,000 packets (there were none):

 $ rwstats --fields=sport,dport --values=packets \
        --top --threshold=500000 data.rw
 INPUT: 366309 Records for 130307 Bins and 5597540 Total Packets
 OUTPUT: No bins above threshold of 500000

Print the source-destination port pairs that shared more than 50,000 packets:

 $ rwstats --fields=sport,dport --values=packets \
        --top --threshold=50000 data.rw
 INPUT: 366309 Records for 130307 Bins and 5597540 Total Packets
 OUTPUT: Top 3 Bins by Packets (threshold 50000)
   sPort|dPort|      Packets|  %Packets|   cumul_%|
    6699| 3607|       138177|  2.468531|  2.468531|
      80| 1179|        59774|  1.067862|  3.536393|
      80| 9659|        50319|  0.898949|  4.435342|

Print the protocols from least to most active (based on number of records):

 $ rwstats --fields=protocol --bottom --count=10 data.rw
 INPUT: 545262 Records for 3 Bins and 545262 Total Records
 OUTPUT: Bottom 10 Bins by Records
    protocol|     Records|  %Records|   cumul_%|
           1|       46319|  8.494815|  8.494815|
          17|      132634| 24.324820| 32.819635|
           6|      366309| 67.180365|100.000000|

Print the packet and byte counts for the pair of /16s that shared the most packets (use rwnetmask(1) on the input to rwstats; limit result to top ten):

 $ rwnetmask --4sip-prefix=16 --4dip-prefix=16 data.rw   \
   | rwstats --fields=sip,dip --values=packets,bytes     \
        --count=10 --no-percent
 INPUT: 250928 Records for 230 Bins and 72279154 Total Packets
 OUTPUT: Top 10 Bins by Packets
            sIP|            dIP|  Packets|        Bytes|
     10.255.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  2711524|   2207297227|
     10.253.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  2690120|   2288595669|
     10.254.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  2593074|   2141263178|
     10.252.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  2553388|   2117294828|
     10.250.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  2312661|   1982654956|
     10.251.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  2218194|   1785263601|
     10.249.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  2196041|   1934938137|
     10.248.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  2160037|   1804446929|
     10.247.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  2000379|   1579214987|
     10.246.0.0|    192.168.0.0|  1878143|   1578321728|

Print the number of distinct destination hosts seen for every destination port, limiting the result to the ports that saw at least 3% of the hosts. The percentage for each bin is relative to the number of distinct destination IP addresses seen in the input.

 $ rwstats --fields=dport --values=distinct:dip --percent=3 data.rw
 INPUT: 243127 Records for 4738 Bins and 122064 Total dIP-Distinct
 OUTPUT: Top 5 bins by dIP-Distinct (3.0000% == 3661)
 dPort|dIP-Distin|%dIP-Disti|   cumul_%|
    80|     26940| 22.070389|   22.0704|
    25|     15538| 12.729388|   34.7998|
   443|      7907|  6.477749|   41.2775|
    22|      7733|  6.335201|   47.6127|
  8080|      3942|  3.229453|   50.8422|

Print the number of distinct destination ports seen for each protocol. When the primary aggregate value is counting the number of distinct values, the cumulative percentage may be larger than 100%.

 $ rwstats --fields=proto --values=distinct:dport --count=0 data.rw
 INPUT: 243127 Records for 2 Bins and 5335 Total dPort-Distinct
 OUTPUT: Top 2 Bins by dPort-Distinct
 pro|dPort-Dist|%dPort-Dis|   cumul_%|
   6|      4672| 87.572634|   87.5726|
  17|      4669| 87.516401|  175.0890|

The following example uses PySiLK to create an aggregate value field that computes the average byte count for each bin. The code for this field is shown in the silkpython(3) manual page. Note that the percentage columns are empty.

 $ rwstats --python-file=avg-bytes.py --fields=sport      \
        --values=avg-bytes,bytes,flow --count=6 data.rw
 INPUT: 243127 Records for 4738 Bins
 OUTPUT: Top 6 Bins by avg-bytes
 sPort|    avg-bytes|         Bytes|   Records|%avg-bytes|   cumul_%|
    22|   1010658.57|   28292376134|     27994|         ?|         ?|
  8080|    739703.65|    2918870591|      3946|         ?|         ?|
    80|    732930.03|   19821359790|     27044|         ?|         ?|
   443|    731919.66|    5794607921|      7917|         ?|         ?|
 25605|     86376.00|         86376|         1|         ?|         ?|
 25349|     83556.00|        167112|         2|         ?|         ?|

The --threshold switch is not supported when the primary aggregate value is from PySiLK or a plug-in.

 $ rwstats --python-file=avg-bytes.py --fields=sport             \
        --values=avg-bytes,bytes,flow --threshold=90000 data.rw
 rwstats: Only the --count limit is supported when the primary \
        values field is from a plug-in
 rwstats: Cannot add value field 'avg-bytes' from plugin

When using rwstats on input that contains both incoming and outgoing flow records, consider using the int-ext-fields(3) plug-in which defines four additional fields representing the external IP address, the external port, the internal IP address, and the internal port. The plug-in requires the user to specify which class/type pairs are incoming and which are outgoing. See its manual page for additional information. As an example, here we run rwstats on a file containing incoming and outgoing web traffic.

 $ rwstats --fields=sip,sport,dip,dport --values=bytes \
        --count=6 data.rw
 INPUT: 155140 Records for 155140 Bins and 59036553615 Total Bytes
 OUTPUT: Top 6 Bins by Bytes
             sIP|sPort|            dIP|dPort|   Bytes|    %Bytes|   cumul_%|
   10.242.96.200|   80|192.168.234.203|29868| 2681287|  0.004542|  0.004542|
 192.168.211.200|   80|  10.253.27.160|25453| 2675740|  0.004532|  0.009074|
 192.168.233.168|   80|  10.247.60.163|29777| 2672196|  0.004526|  0.013600|
 192.168.229.229|  443|  10.250.19.210|27512| 2666647|  0.004517|  0.018117|
  192.168.255.24| 8080|  10.240.75.236|29826| 2659828|  0.004505|  0.022623|
 192.168.241.247|   80|  10.216.173.77|26654| 2658141|  0.004503|  0.027125|

Here the int-ext-fields plug-in is used:

 $ export INCOMING_FLOWTYPES=all/in,all/inweb
 $ export OUTGOING_FLOWTYPES=all/out,all/outweb
 $ rwstats --plugin=int-ext-fields.so                          \
        --fields=ext-ip,ext-port,int-ip,int-port --value=bytes \
        --count=6 data.rw
 INPUT: 155140 Records for 77570 Bins and 59036553615 Total Bytes
 OUTPUT: Top 6 Bins by Bytes
          ext-ip|ext-p|         int-ip|int-p|   Bytes|    %Bytes|   cumul_%|
   10.253.27.160|25453|192.168.211.200|   80| 2736332|  0.004635|  0.004635|
   10.242.96.200|   80|192.168.234.203|29868| 2722619|  0.004612|  0.009247|
   10.247.60.163|29777|192.168.233.168|   80| 2716749|  0.004602|  0.013849|
   10.250.19.210|27512|192.168.229.229|  443| 2714974|  0.004599|  0.018447|
   10.254.241.55|24206| 192.168.207.45|   80| 2713597|  0.004596|  0.023044|
  10.226.206.118|29557|192.168.247.227| 8080| 2707265|  0.004586|  0.027630|

Protocol Statistics Example

Print the interval breakdowns for flow records, packets, and bytes across all protocols, and for protocols 6 (TCP) and 17 (UDP):

 $ rwstats --detail-proto-stats=6,17 data.rw
 FLOW STATISTICS--ALL PROTOCOLS:  549092 records
 *BYTES min 28; max 88906238
   quartiles LQ 122.06478 Med 420.30930 UQ 876.21920 UQ-LQ 754.15442
    interval_max|count<=max|%_of_input|   cumul_%|
              40|     35107|  6.393646|  6.393646|
              60|     35008|  6.375616| 12.769263|
             100|     49500|  9.014883| 21.784145|
             150|     40014|  7.287303| 29.071449|
             256|     65444| 11.918586| 40.990034|
            1000|    224016| 40.797535| 81.787569|
           10000|     75708| 13.787853| 95.575423|
          100000|     21981|  4.003154| 99.578577|
         1000000|      1901|  0.346208| 99.924785|
      4294967295|       413|  0.075215|100.000000|
 *PACKETS min 1; max 70023
   quartiles LQ 1.76962 Med 3.68119 UQ 7.61567 UQ-LQ 5.84605
    interval_max|count<=max|%_of_input|   cumul_%|
               3|    232716| 42.381969| 42.381969|
               4|     61407| 11.183372| 53.565341|
              10|    195310| 35.569631| 89.134972|
              20|     33310|  6.066379| 95.201351|
              50|     17686|  3.220954| 98.422304|
             100|      4854|  0.884005| 99.306309|
             500|      2760|  0.502648| 99.808957|
            1000|       373|  0.067930| 99.876888|
           10000|       637|  0.116010| 99.992897|
      4294967295|        39|  0.007103|100.000000|
 *BYTES/PACKET min 28; max 1500
   quartiles LQ 57.98319 Med 90.71150 UQ 164.77250 UQ-LQ 106.78932
    interval_max|count<=max|%_of_input|   cumul_%|
              40|     42568|  7.752435|  7.752435|
              44|     15173|  2.763289| 10.515724|
              60|     91003| 16.573361| 27.089085|
             100|    163850| 29.840173| 56.929258|
             200|    153190| 27.898786| 84.828043|
             400|     39761|  7.241227| 92.069271|
             600|     12810|  2.332942| 94.402213|
             800|      7954|  1.448573| 95.850786|
            1500|     22783|  4.149214|100.000000|
      4294967295|         0|  0.000000|100.000000|
 FLOW STATISTICS--PROTOCOL 6:  366309/549092 records
 *BYTES min 40; max 88906238
   quartiles LQ 310.47331 Med 656.53661 UQ 1089.75344 UQ-LQ 779.28013
    interval_max|count<=max|%_of_proto|   cumul_%|
              40|     29774|  8.128110|  8.128110|
              60|     11453|  3.126595| 11.254706|
             100|      6915|  1.887751| 13.142456|
             150|     16369|  4.468632| 17.611088|
             256|     12651|  3.453642| 21.064730|
            1000|    196881| 53.747246| 74.811976|
           10000|     68989| 18.833553| 93.645529|
          100000|     21099|  5.759891| 99.405420|
         1000000|      1784|  0.487021| 99.892441|
      4294967295|       394|  0.107559|100.000000|
 *PACKETS min 1; max 70023
   quartiles LQ 3.39682 Med 5.85903 UQ 8.80427 UQ-LQ 5.40745
    interval_max|count<=max|%_of_proto|   cumul_%|
               3|     69358| 18.934288| 18.934288|
               4|     55993| 15.285729| 34.220016|
              10|    186559| 50.929407| 85.149423|
              20|     30947|  8.448332| 93.597755|
              50|     16186|  4.418674| 98.016429|
             100|      4204|  1.147665| 99.164094|
             500|      2178|  0.594580| 99.758674|
            1000|       315|  0.085993| 99.844667|
           10000|       537|  0.146598| 99.991264|
      4294967295|        32|  0.008736|100.000000|
 *BYTES/PACKET min 40; max 1500
   quartiles LQ 60.19817 Med 96.78616 UQ 175.08044 UQ-LQ 114.88228
    interval_max|count<=max|%_of_proto|   cumul_%|
              40|     36559|  9.980372|  9.980372|
              44|     14929|  4.075521| 14.055893|
              60|     39593| 10.808634| 24.864527|
             100|    100117| 27.331297| 52.195824|
             200|    111258| 30.372718| 82.568542|
             400|     26020|  7.103293| 89.671834|
             600|      8600|  2.347745| 92.019579|
             800|      7726|  2.109148| 94.128727|
            1500|     21507|  5.871273|100.000000|
      4294967295|         0|  0.000000|100.000000|
 FLOW STATISTICS--PROTOCOL 17:  132634/549092 records
 *BYTES min 32; max 2115559
   quartiles LQ 66.53665 Med 150.61551 UQ 242.44095 UQ-LQ 175.90430
    interval_max|count<=max|%_of_proto|   cumul_%|
              20|         0|  0.000000|  0.000000|
              40|      5195|  3.916794|  3.916794|
              80|     42150| 31.779182| 35.695975|
             130|     11528|  8.691587| 44.387563|
             256|     45497| 34.302667| 78.690230|
            1000|     23401| 17.643289| 96.333519|
           10000|      4447|  3.352836| 99.686355|
          100000|       389|  0.293288| 99.979643|
         1000000|        23|  0.017341| 99.996984|
      4294967295|         4|  0.003016|100.000000|
 *PACKETS min 1; max 8839
   quartiles LQ 0.84383 Med 1.68768 UQ 2.53149 UQ-LQ 1.68766
    interval_max|count<=max|%_of_proto|   cumul_%|
               3|    117884| 88.879171| 88.879171|
               4|      4452|  3.356605| 92.235777|
              10|      6678|  5.034908| 97.270685|
              20|      1766|  1.331484| 98.602168|
              50|      1055|  0.795422| 99.397590|
             100|       368|  0.277455| 99.675046|
             500|       353|  0.266146| 99.941192|
            1000|        33|  0.024880| 99.966072|
           10000|        45|  0.033928|100.000000|
      4294967295|         0|  0.000000|100.000000|
 *BYTES/PACKET min 32; max 1415
   quartiles LQ 63.23827 Med 91.27180 UQ 158.10219 UQ-LQ 94.86392
    interval_max|count<=max|%_of_proto|   cumul_%|
              20|         0|  0.000000|  0.000000|
              24|         0|  0.000000|  0.000000|
              40|      5671|  4.275676|  4.275676|
             100|     70970| 53.508150| 57.783826|
             200|     39298| 29.628904| 87.412730|
             400|     12175|  9.179396| 96.592126|
             600|      4130|  3.113832| 99.705958|
             800|       160|  0.120633| 99.826590|
            1500|       230|  0.173410|100.000000|
      4294967295|         0|  0.000000|100.000000|

The silkpython(3) manual page provides examples that use PySiLK to create arbitrary fields to use as part of the key for rwstats.