????

???????ϡ??ե??????ޤ???ü?????? 1 ?Ԥ????ɤ߹??ߡ??????????ᤷ?? ???ޥ??ɤ??¹Ԥ??ޤ??????????ϥ桼?????????ƥ??˥??????󤷤??Ȥ??˵?ư ???????ץ????????Ǥ? (?????????桼???? chsh(1) ???ޥ??ɤˤ??ä?¾?Υ??????????򤹤뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ?)?? ???????ϡ????湽ʸ?????ĸ????Ǥ??ꡢ ?ǡ??????????Ϥ????Ȥ???¿?ͤʵ?ǽ???󶡤????ޥ?????ǽ?? ?ҥ??ȥꡢ???Խ???ǽ????¢???Ƥ??ޤ??? ???Υ???????????Ū?˻Ȥ??Ȥ????????ʵ?ǽ??¿???Ȥ??????Ƥ??ꡢ ????Ū???Ѥ????Ȥ?????????Ū?? (?????륹?????ץȤȤ???) ?Ѥ????Ȥ??⡢ ???̤Υ??󥿥ץ꥿???????Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??????????????ޤ??? ???ʤ????????ޥ???̾?򥷥?????ľ?ܥ????פ??? ???Ȥ⡢???ޥ???̾???ե??????˽񤤤Ƥ????Ƥ??Υե??????򥷥????? ľ?ܼ¹Ԥ????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

??ư

??????Ϳ?????줺?????ĥ???????ɸ?????Ϥ?ü???ξ??? (?ޤ??? -i ?ե饰?????? ???줿????)??????????????Ū??ư??ޤ???????Ū???????ϡ??̾???ޥ??? ???ϻ??˥ץ????ץȤ?ɽ??????ʸˡŪ?ʥ??顼?ȥ??ޥ??ɥ??顼?? ?ۤʤä???ˡ?ǽ??????ޤ? (???Ҥ??ޤ?)?? ??ư???ˡ????????? 0 ???ܤΰ????򸡺????ޤ????⤷???줬 ?ޥ??ʥ????? (-) ?ǻϤޤäƤ????ʤ顢???????ϥ??????󥷥????Ȥ??? ư??ޤ????桼?????????ƥ??˥??????󤷤??????ϼ?ưŪ?ˤ??ξ????? ?ʤ??ޤ??????????󥷥????ϡ??ޤ? (?ʲ??γƥե????뤬¸?ߤ???????)?? /etc/profile ?ȼ??? .profile ?ե????뤫?饳?ޥ??ɤ??ɤ߹??ߤޤ??? ?????뵯ư???ˡ??⤷???ϥ??????󥷥????? .profile ???¹????˴Ķ??ѿ? ENV ?????ꤵ???Ƥ????ʤ顢???????ϡ????μ??˴Ķ??ѿ? ENV ?Ǽ????줿?ե????뤫?饳?ޥ??ɤ??ɤ߹??ߤޤ??? ?Ĥޤꡢ?桼???ϥ??????????ˤΤ߼¹Ԥ????????ޥ??ɤ? .profile ?˽񤭡??????뤬??ư?????뤿?Ӥ˼¹Ԥ????????ޥ??ɤ??Ķ??ѿ? ENV ?Ǽ????ե??????˽񤯤??Ȥˤʤ??ޤ??? ?Ķ??ѿ? ENV ?????ꤹ???ˤϡ??ۡ????ǥ??쥯?ȥ겼?Υե????? .profile ?˰ʲ??Τ褦?˵??Ҥ??ޤ??? ?????? .shinit ?Τ??????˹?????̾???????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

???ޥ??ɥ饤???????ǻ??ꤵ?줿???ץ??????ʳ??κǽ??Τ??Τ򡢥??????? ???ޥ??ɤ??ɤ߹????٤??ե????? (?????륹?????ץ?) ??̾???Ǥ????Ȳ??ᤷ?? ?????ʸ??ΰ????ϥ??????ΰ??֥ѥ??᡼?? ($1, $2, ...) ?????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?????ʳ??ξ??硢???????ϥ??ޥ??ɤ?ɸ?????Ϥ????ɤ߹??ߤޤ???

?Ť??С????????? sh ?Ȥϰۤʤꡢ?Ķ??ѿ? ENV ?ǻ??ꤷ?????????ץȤ??¹Ԥ??????Τϡ?????Ū???????θƤӽФ????ΤߤǤ??? ?????ˤ??ꡢ?????ø??˽񤫤줿 ENV ???????ץȤ˵??????롢??ñ?˿??????Τˤ????뤳?Ȥ?¿??ͭ̾?? ?????????ƥ??ۡ??뤬?դ????줿???Ȥˤʤ??ޤ???

?????ꥹ?Ƚ???

sh ?? 1 ʸ???????ʤ륪?ץ??????Ϥ??줾???б?????Ĺ??̾???????äƤ??ޤ??? ?????? -c ?? -/+o ???㳰?Ǥ??? ???β????Ǥϡ?Ĺ??̾????ñ??ʸ?????ץ????????٤˼??????Ƥ??ޤ??? ???륪?ץ???????Ĺ??̾???ϡ? sh ?? -/+o ???ץ??????ؤΰ????Ȥ??ƻ?????ǽ?Ǥ??? ?????뤬??ư?????Ƥ????ϡ? ???ץ???????Ĺ??̾???? set ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??? (???Ҥ? ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??? ??????) ?? -/+o ???ץ??????ؤΰ????Ȥ??ƻ?????ǽ?Ǥ??? ?ޥ??ʥ????? (-) ?ǥ??ץ??????????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥϡ????Υ??ץ???????ͭ???ˤ??뤳?Ȥ???̣???? ?ץ饹???? (+) ?ǥ??ץ??????????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥϡ????Υ??ץ???????̵???ˤ??뤳?Ȥ???̣???ޤ??? “--” ?ޤ??ϡ?ñ?ʤ? “-” ?ϥ??ץ?????????????λ?????? ???ޥ??ɥ饤???λĤ??θ????????Ȥ??Ʋ??᤹?뤳?Ȥ????????ޤ??? -/+o ?? -c ?Υ??ץ???????Ĺ??̾?????????ޤ?????

-a allexport

?ͤ????????줿?Ȥ????ѿ??򥨥????ݡ??Ȥ????褦???ѿ??˥ե饰???դ??ޤ???

-b notify

?Хå????饦???ɥ????ּ¹Ԥδ?λ?򡢥??ޥ??ɤ??¹????Ǥ?¨?¤????𤷤? ?? (̤?????Ǥ?)??

-C noclobber

???Ǥ?¸?ߤ????ե??????? “>” ???????쥯?ȤǾ??񤭤??ޤ?????

-E emacs

?Ȥ߹??ߤ? emacs(1) ???Υ??ޥ??ɹ??Խ???ǽ??ͭ???ˤ??ޤ? (?????????? -V ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ???Ƥ??????硢??????̵???ˤ??ޤ?)??

-e errexit

?????å⡼?ɤǡ??ƥ??Ⱦ??֤ˤʤ????ޥ??ɤμ¹Ԥ˼??Ԥ??????硢 ľ???˥?????????λ???ޤ??? ???ޥ??ɤϡ?if, elif, while, until ??ʸ?? ???椹???Τ??Ѥ??????Ƥ????????ˡ??ƥ??Ⱦ??֤Ǥ????Ȥߤʤ????ޤ??? ?ޤ??? “&&” ?? “||” ?κ????ͤȤ????Ѥ??????Ƥ??륳?ޥ??ɤ⡢?ƥ??Ⱦ??֤Ȥߤʤ????ޤ???

-f noglob

?ѥ?̾Ÿ?????Ԥ??ޤ?????

-I ignoreeof

????Ū???????ξ??硢???Ϥ? EOF ??̵?뤷?ޤ???

-i interactive

?????뤬????Ū??ư????褦?˶??????ޤ???

-m monitor

??????????????ǽ?ˤ??ޤ? (????Ū???????ξ????ϼ?ưŪ?????ꤵ???ޤ?)??

-n noexec

??????Ū???????ξ??硢???ޥ??ɤ??ɤ߹??ߤޤ????????Υ??ޥ??ɤμ¹Ԥ? ???ޤ??󡣥????륹?????ץȤ?ʸˡ?򸡺????????????????Ǥ???

-P physical

cd ?? pwd ???ޥ??ɤˤ??????ǥե????Ȥ? -L (????Ū?ʥǥ??쥯?ȥ??쥤??????) ???? -P (ʪ??Ū?ʥǥ??쥯?ȥ??쥤??????) ???ѹ????ޤ???

-p privileged

?ø??⡼?ɤ?ͭ???ˤ??ޤ??? ??ư???˼¸??桼?? ID ???뤤?ϼ¸????롼?? ID ?????¥桼?? ID ???¥??롼 ?? ID ?Ȱ??פ??Ƥ??ʤ????С????Υ⡼?ɤ?ͭ???ˤʤ??ޤ??????Υ⡼?ɤ?̵ ?????????ȡ??¸??桼?? ID ?????Ӽ¸????롼?? ID ?ϡ??¥桼?? ID ?????? ?¥??롼?? ID ?????ꤵ???ޤ??? ????Ū???????Ǥ??Υ⡼?ɤ?ͭ???ˤʤäƤ????ȡ? /etc/profile ?θ??? ~/.profile ???????ꡢ /etc/suid_profile ???ɤ߹??ߤޤ??????????Ķ??ѿ? ENV ?????Ƥ?̵?뤵???ޤ???

-s stdin

???ޥ??ɤ?ɸ?????Ϥ????ɤ߹??ߤޤ? (?????ǥե?????̾?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ? ?????ˤϡ????Υ??ץ????󤬼?ưŪ?????ꤵ???ޤ?)?? ?????뤬?¹Ԥ????Ƥ????ܥ??ץ??????? ( set ?ʤɤˤ??ä?) ???ꤷ?Ƥ????̤Ϥ????ޤ?????

-T trapsasync

?Ҥ??ԤĤȤ???¨?¤˥ȥ??åפ??¹Ԥ??ޤ??? ?ܥ??ץ??????????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??ȡ? IEEE Std 1003.2 (“POSIX.2”) ?ǻ??ꤵ???Ƥ????褦?ˡ??Ҥ???λ???????˥ȥ??åפ??¹Ԥ????ޤ??? ??????ɸ?४?ץ??????ϡ? ?????ʥ????֥??å??????Ҥμ??Ϥ??ݸ???????֤???????ͭ?ѤǤ??? ???ϤΥ??????ϻҤ򻦤????ꡢ ???Τ褦?ˡ??????? tty ???ᤷ?ƻҤ??????Ĥ??????Ǥ??ޤ?:

sh -T -c "trap 'exit 1' 2 ; some-blocking-program"

-u nounset

?ͤ????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??ѿ???Ÿ?????褦?Ȥ??????硢 ɸ?२?顼???Ϥ˥??顼???å??????????Ϥ??? ????????????Ū???????ʤ??С????????˥?????????λ???ޤ???

-V vi

?Ȥ߹??ߤ? vi(1) ???ι??Խ???ǽ??ͭ???ˤ??ޤ? (?????????? -E ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ???Ƥ??????硢??????̵???ˤʤ??ޤ?)??

-v verbose

???Ϥ??ɤ߹??ऴ?Ȥ?ɸ?२?顼???Ϥ˽񤭽Ф??ޤ????ǥХå??ΤȤ????????Ǥ???

-x xtrace

?ƥ??ޥ??ɤ??¹Ԥ??????ˡ????Υ??ޥ??ɤ?ɸ?२?顼???Ϥ? (?ƥ??ޥ??ɤ? ???? “+ ” ???ղä???) ?񤭽Ф??ޤ????ǥХå??ΤȤ????????Ǥ???

-c ???ץ??????ϡ????????????ϤȤ??Ʋ??ᤵ????ʸ???????????Ϥ??????˻??Ѳ?ǽ?Ǥ??? ???Υ??ץ??????ϰ????Ȥ???ʸ?????????Ĥ??????????뤳?Ȥ????դ??Ʋ??????? ?Ǥ????顢ʣ????ñ?줫???ʤ?ʸ?????ϰ??????ǰϤ?ɬ?פ??????ޤ???

-/+o ???ץ??????ϡ????ץ???????Ĺ??̾???Τߤ??????Ȥ??ƤȤꡢ ???ץ???????ͭ??????̵???????Ԥ??ޤ??? ?㤨?С????? 2 ?Ĥ? sh ??ư??ˡ?Ǥ??Ȥ߹??ߤ? emacs(1) ???ޥ??ɥ饤?󥨥ǥ?????ͭ???????ޤ?:

set -E
set -o emacs

-o ???ץ????󤬰????ʤ??ǻ??Ѥ??줿???硢 ???ߤΥ??ץ????????????ͤ??ɤ?????????ɽ?????ޤ??? +o ???????ʤ??ǻ??Ѥ??줿?????ϡ????ߤΥ??ץ??????????? ???????غ????Ϥ????Τ?Ŭ?????????ǽ??Ϥ??ޤ???

??ʸ??¤

???????ϡ??ե?????????ñ?̤??ɤ߹??ߡ?????ʸ?? (?֥??󥯤????ӥ???) ?? ???????ˤȤä????̤ʰ?̣????????????ʸ???? ( “?黻??” ?ȸƤФ??????ΤǤ?) ?????ڤ??Ȥ??ơ?ʣ????ñ????ʬ?䤷?ޤ????黻?Ҥˤϡ??????黻?Ҥȥ? ?????쥯?ȱ黻?Ҥ? 2 ???ब?????ޤ? (???????ΰ?̣?ˤĤ??Ƥϸ??Ҥ??ޤ?)?? ?ʲ??ˡ????????ΰ????򼨤??ޤ???

?????黻??:

&	&&	(	)	\n
;;	;	|	||

???????쥯?ȱ黻??:

<	>	<<	>>	<>
<&	>&	<<-	>|

???? (????????)

???Ѥϡ??ü??ʰ?̣??????ʸ????ñ?? (?黻?ҡ????򡢥?????ɤʤ?) ?ΰ?̣ ???Ǥ??ä????????Ѥ??ޤ??????Ѥˤϡ????󥰥륯??????ʸ???Υڥ????Ȥ???ˡ?? ???֥륯??????ʸ???Υڥ????Ȥ???ˡ???Хå??????å???ʸ?????Ȥ???ˡ ?? 3 ???ब?????ޤ???

???󥰥륯??????ʸ??

???󥰥륯?????ȤΥڥ??ǰϤޤ줿ʸ???ϡ????٤Ƥ???ʸ?????Τޤ? (???ƥ???) ?Ȥ??ư??????ޤ? (?????????󥰥륯?????Ȥ??̤Ǥ??????󥰥륯?????? ?ǰϤä?ʸ?????????˥??󥰥륯?????Ȥ??ޤ??뤳?ȤϤǤ??ޤ???)??

???֥륯??????ʸ??

???֥륯?????ȤΥڥ??ǰϤޤ줿ʸ???ϡ??ɥ뵭??ʸ?? ($) ???Хå?????????ʸ?? (`) ???Хå??????å???ʸ?? (\) ???????????٤ƥ??ƥ????Ȥ??ư??????ޤ??? ???֥륯??????ʸ???ˤ??????Ѥ????ˤ????Хå??????å???ʸ???ϡ????? Ū?аޤˤ??ꤹ?????Ѥ??ä????????????ޤ??? ????ʸ???????ˤ????????ϥ??????Ȥˤʤ??ޤ????? ?????ʳ??Ǥϥ??ƥ????ΤޤޤȤʤ??ޤ?:

$

`

"

\

\n

?Хå??????å???

?Хå??????å????ϡ????θ????? 1 ʸ???򡢥??ƥ????Ȥ??ư????褦?˻ؼ? ???ޤ?????????????ʸ?? (\n) ???̤Ǥ???????ʸ????ľ???ΥХå??????å????ϡ??? ?η?³?Ǥ????Ȥߤʤ????ޤ???

ͽ????

ͽ?????ϥ??????ˤȤä????̤ʰ?̣??????ñ???ǡ??Ԥ???Ƭ?ޤ????????黻?? ??ľ???ǤΤ?ͽ?????Ȥ???ǧ???????ޤ????ʲ???ͽ?????ΰ??????󤲤ޤ???

?????ꥢ??

?????ꥢ???ϡ?̾???Ȥ??????б??????ͤ??Фˤʤä????Τǡ? ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??? alias ?ˤ??ä??????????ޤ??? ???????ϡ?ͽ???줬????????ǽ???????????? (?嵭?򻲾?) ?ǡ? ????ñ?????Ф??ơ????줬ͽ???줫?ɤ????θ??????Ѥޤ????Τ??? ???줬?????ꥢ???˰??פ??뤫?ɤ????򸡺????ޤ??? ?⤷???פ????ʤ??С????ϹԤ????ǡ?????ñ???򥨥??ꥢ?????ͤ??֤??????ޤ??? ???Ȥ??С? “lf” ?Ȥ???̾???? “ls -F” ?Ȥ????ͤ????ĥ????ꥢ???? ¸?ߤ????Ȥ????ȡ????????Ϲ?

lf foobar

?ϡ??ʲ??Τ褦???ִ??????ޤ???

ls -F foobar

?????ꥢ???ϡ??鿴?Ԥ??Ф????????դ??δؿ??????????????ݤ??????뤳?Ȥʤ??? û?????ޥ??ɤ??????Ф?????????ˡ???󶡤??????ΤǤ??? ??????????ʸŪ?ˤ????ޤ??ʥ????ɤ??????Ф????Ȥˤ??Ĥʤ??꤫?ͤޤ????? ???Τ褦?ʻȤ????Ϥ??????Ǥ??ޤ?????

???ޥ???

???????ϡ??ɤ߹?????ñ??????ʸˡ?˽??äƲ??ᤷ?ޤ??? ?ܥޥ˥奢???Ǥ?ʸˡ?ˤĤ??Ƥϲ??⤷?ޤ????? IEEE Std 1003.2 (“POSIX.2”) ?? BNF ɽ???򻲾Ȥ??Ƥ??????????פ????ˡ??Ԥ? 1 ?Ԥ??ɤ߹??ߡ??ɤ߹????? ?Ԥκǽ???ñ?? (?????黻?Ҥ??????????ϡ????Τ??Ȥκǽ???ñ??) ??ͽ???? ?Ǥʤ????硢???????Ϥ??ιԤ?ñ?㥳?ޥ??ɤȤ??Ʋ??ᤷ?ޤ????????ʳ??ξ? ?硢ʣ?祳?ޥ??ɤ??뤤???ü칽¤?Ǥ????Ȳ??ᤷ?ޤ???

ñ?㥳?ޥ???

ñ?㥳?ޥ??ɤ????᤹?????硢???????ϰʲ??Τ褦??ư???򤷤ޤ???

1. ñ???????ˤ??? “name=value” ?η?????ñ?????????????? ñ?㥳?ޥ??ɤδĶ??????????ޤ??? ???????쥯?ȱ黻?ҤȤ??ΰ??? (????) ???????????? ???Ȥǽ????Ǥ????褦????¸???ޤ???
2. ?Ĥä?ñ?????? ñ??Ÿ?? ????????????????ˡ??Ÿ?????ޤ??? Ÿ?????κǽ???ñ???򥳥ޥ???̾?Ȥߤʤ??????ޥ??ɤΰ??֤?õ?????ޤ??? ?Ĥ???ñ???ϥ??ޥ??ɤؤΰ????Ȥߤʤ????ޤ??? ?????η??̡????ޥ???̾???Ĥ??ʤ??ä????硢???? 1) ?? ?????Ф??? “name=value” ???ѿ??????򡢸??ߤΥ??????δĶ???ȿ?Ǥ??ޤ???
3. ????????????????ˡ?ǡ????????쥯?Ȥ??Ԥ??ޤ???

???????쥯??

???????쥯?Ȥϡ????ޥ??ɤ??ɤ????????Ϥ??뤫???ɤ??ؽ??Ϥ??뤫?? ?ѹ??????Ȥ????Ѥ??ޤ??? ???̤ˤϡ????????쥯?ȤǤϡ??ե??????Υ????ץ󡢥??????????ޤ??? ?ե??????ؤλ??Ȥ?ʣ?? (duplicate) ???Ԥ??ޤ??? ???????쥯?Ȥ??Ѥ???????????Ū?ʷ????ϡ??ʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

?????ǡ? ‘redir-op’ ?????Ҥ??????????쥯?ȱ黻?ҤΤ????줫?Ǥ??? ???????α黻?Ҥ??ɤΤ褦?????Ѥ??뤫?????򤤤??Ĥ??ʲ??˵󤲤ޤ???

?ʲ??Υ??????쥯?Ȥϡ????Ф??? “?ҥ????ɥ????????? (here-document)” ?? ?ƤФ??ޤ???

[n]<< delimiter
	here-doc-text
	...
delimiter

???????ϡ?delimiter ?ޤǤιԤ???¸???????ޥ??ɤؤ?ɸ?????Ϥޤ??ϥե??? ?뵭?һ? n ?˥??????쥯?Ȥ??ޤ????ǽ??ιԤ? delimiter ?????? (????????) ?????Ƥ??????硢here-doc-text ?????Ƥ????ƥ????Ȥ??ư????ޤ??? ?????Ǥʤ????硢?ѥ??᡼??Ÿ???????ޥ????ִ??????ͱ黻 ( ñ??Ÿ?? ?????? ???????ޤ?) ??Ŭ?Ѥ??ޤ????黻?Ҥ? ( “<<” ?Ǥʤ?) “<<-” ?ξ????ϡ? here-doc-text ?γƹԤι?Ƭ?Υ??֤??????????ޤ???

???ޥ??ɸ????ȼ¹?

???ޥ??ɤˤϡ????????ؿ????Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɡ??̾??ץ????????? 3 ???ब???ꡢ ???ޥ??ɤ򸡺??????ݤˤϡ?????????̾???θ????򤳤ν????ǹԤ??ޤ??? 3 ?????Υ??ޥ??ɤϰۤʤ???ˡ?Ǽ¹Ԥ????ޤ???

???????ؿ????¹Ԥ????Ȥ???$0 ?????????٤Ƥΰ??֥ѥ??᡼?? ($1, $2,..) ?򥷥????ؿ??ؤΰ????Ȥ??????ꤷ?ޤ???$0 ???ѹ??????ޤ??󡣥??????ؿ? ?δĶ??Ȥ??ƻ??ꤵ?줿?ѿ? (?ؿ?̾??ľ???? “name=value” ???֤??ƻ??? ???줿????) ?ϡ????δؿ??˶ɽ?Ū???ѿ??Ȥʤꡢ???ꤵ?줿?????ͤ????ꤵ ???ޤ????????ơ????????ϴؿ???????Ϳ?????줿???ޥ??ɤ??¹Ԥ??ޤ??????? ???ɤμ¹Ԥ???λ?????ȡ????֥ѥ??᡼???򸵤??ͤ??ᤷ?ޤ????????????Ƹ? ?ߤΥ??????????ǽ????????ޤ???

?????????Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤϡ??????ʥץ????????????????˥??????????Ǽ¹Ԥ????ޤ???

???ޥ??ɤ??ؿ??Ǥ??Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤǤ??ʤ??????ϡ??̾??Υץ????????Ȥߤʤ? (???????????????Ȥ???) ?ե????륷???ƥ??????Ǥ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ򸡺????ޤ??? ?̾??Υץ??????????¹Ԥ??????硢???????ϰ????? ?Ķ????ץ??????????Ϥ??ơ????Υץ??????????¹Ԥ??ޤ??? ?ץ??????ब?̾??μ¹ԥե??????????ǤϤʤ????? (?Ĥޤꡢ ASCII ɽ???? "#!" ?Ȥʤ? "?ޥ??å??ʥ???" ?ǥե????뤬?ϤޤäƤ??餺?? execve(2) ?? ENOEXEC ???֤?????)?? ???֥??????????Ǥ??Υץ??????????????¹Ԥ??ޤ??????ξ??硢???????⿷???? ?????뤬??ư???줿???Τ褦?ʸ??̤????뤿???ˡ??ҥ??????ϼ?ʬ???Ȥ? ?ƽ????????ޤ????????????ҥץ??????ϡ??ƥ????????Υϥå??夵?줿???ޥ??? ???־????򲱤??Ƥ??ꡢ?????Ϻƽ??????????ޤ?????

?ܥɥ????????ȤθŤ??С??????????Ť????????????ɤǤϡ??Ȥ????ꡢ ?ޥ??å??ʥ??ФΤʤ??????륹?????ץȤΤ??Ȥ? "????????³??" ?ȸƤ??Ǥ??ơ? ?ޤ????路?????礬?????ޤ??Τ????դ??Ʋ???????

?ѥ?????

???ޥ??ɤ򸡺??????Ȥ??????????ϡ??ޤ???????̾???Υ??????ؿ??????뤫?ɤ????? Ĵ?٤ޤ??????ˡ?????̾?????Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤ????뤫?ɤ?????Ĵ?٤ޤ??? ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤǤ??ʤ????硢?ʲ??Τ????줫?ν??????Ԥ????ޤ?:

1. ???ޥ???̾?˥????å??夬?ޤޤ??Ƥ????С??????ϹԤ鷺?? ñ?ˤ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ??¹Ԥ????ޤ???
2. ?ѿ? PATH ?˴ޤޤ????ƥ????ȥ????Ф??ơ????ˤ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ򸡺????ޤ??? ?ѿ? PATH ???ͤϥ??????Ƕ??ڤ??줿?????ȥ??????Ǥʤ????Фʤ??ޤ????? ?ƥ????ȥ??ϡ????줾???ǥ??쥯?ȥ?̾???Ĥ??б????ޤ??? ???????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ??ϡ? ???Υǥ??쥯?ȥ?̾?????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥǰ???Ū?ˡ? ???뤤?? 1 ?ĤΥԥꥪ?ɤ????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ?????Ū?? ?ؼ????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

???ޥ??ɤν?λ???ơ?????

?ƥ??ޥ??ɤϽ?λ???ơ??????????????????ˤ???¾?Υ????륳?ޥ??ɤ?ư???? ?ƶ???Ϳ???뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???????Ū?ʹͤ????Ȥ??ơ???λ???ơ????? 0 ?? ?̾??ν?λ?ޤ????????򼨤??ޤ???0 ?ʳ??ν?λ???ơ??????ϼ??ԡ????顼?? ??̣???ޤ????ƥ??ޥ??ɤΥޥ˥奢???ˤ??줾???ν?λ???ơ????????ɤΤ褦 ?ʰ?̣?????Ĥ??????Ҥ????Ƥ????Ϥ??Ǥ????Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤ? (?¹Ԥ??줿) ?ؿ??⽪λ???ơ????????֤??ޤ???

???ޥ??ɤ??????ʥ??ˤ??꽪λ (terminate) ???????줿???硢 ??λ???ơ??????? 128 ?˥????ʥ??ֹ????ä??????Τˤʤ??ޤ??? ?????ʥ??ֹ??ϥإå??ե????? <sys/signal.h> ???????????Ƥ??ޤ???

ʣ?祳?ޥ??? (Complex Commands)

ʣ?祳?ޥ??ɤϡ?ñ?㥳?ޥ??ɤ??Ȥ߹??碌?Ǻ????ޤ??? ?????黻?Ҥޤ???ͽ???????Ȥ߹??碌?뤳?Ȥǡ??????礭??ʣ?祳?ޥ??ɤ??? ?????ޤ??????̤ˡ????ޥ??ɤϰʲ??Τ????Τ????줫?Ǥ???

• ñ?㥳?ޥ???
• ?ѥ??ץ饤??
• ?ꥹ?Ȥޤ??Ϲ????ꥹ?? (compound-list)
• ???????ޥ??? (compound command)
• ?ؿ?????

?ä˻????Τʤ????硢???ޥ??ɤν?λ???ơ??????ϺǸ??˼¹Ԥ??줿 ñ?㥳?ޥ??ɤν?λ???ơ??????Ȥʤ??ޤ???

?ѥ??ץ饤??

?ѥ??ץ饤???ϡ?ʣ???Υ??ޥ??ɤ??????黻?? `|' ?ˤ??äƤĤʤ??????ΤǤ??? ?Ǹ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ????????٤ƤΥ??ޥ??ɤ?ɸ?????Ϥϡ????Υ??ޥ??ɤ?ɸ?????Ϥ? ??³?????ޤ??? ?Ǹ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ?ɸ?????Ϥϡ??̾??̤ꡢ?????뤫???????Ѥ????ޤ???

?ѥ??ץ饤???η????ϼ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

command1 ??ɸ?????Ϥ? command2 ??ɸ?????Ϥ???³?????ޤ??????ޥ??ɤ?ɸ ???????Ϥ??ѥ??ץ饤???ˤ??äƳ??????Ƥ??????Τϡ??ƥ??ޥ??ɤ?°???? ???????쥯?ȱ黻?Ҥǻ??ꤵ?줿???????쥯?Ȥ????????????Τ??Ȥ??ȹͤ??? ????????

?ѥ??ץ饤?󤬥Хå????饦???? (????) ?Ǥʤ????С????????Ϥ??٤Ƥ? ???ޥ??ɤ???λ?????Τ??Ԥ??ޤ???

?ѥ??ץ饤????ľ????ͽ???? ! ???֤????ʤ??ä????硢??λ???ơ??????? ?ѥ??ץ饤???κǸ??Υ??ޥ??ɤν?λ???ơ??????Ȥʤ??ޤ??? `!' ?????֤??줿???硢??λ???ơ??????ϥѥ??ץ饤???κǸ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ? ??λ???ơ????????????????????ä??ͤȤʤ??ޤ??? ???ʤ??????Ǹ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ? 0 ???֤??????硢?ѥ??ץ饤???? ??λ???ơ??????? 1 ?ˡ??Ǹ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ? 0 ?????礭???ͤ??֤??????硢 ??λ???ơ??????? 0 ?ˤʤ??ޤ???

?ѥ??ץ饤???ˤ???ɸ???????Ϥ???³?ϥ??????쥯?Ȥ???Ω?äƹԤ????뤿?ᡢ ?ѥ??ץ饤??????³?????????쥯?Ȥˤ??äƽ??????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ??????Ȥ??С?

‘command1’ ??ɸ?????Ϥ?ɸ?२?顼???Ϥ?ξ???? ‘command2’ ??ɸ?????Ϥ? ??³???ޤ???

“;” ?ޤ??ϲ???ʸ??????ü?Ȥ????Ѥ??뤳?Ȥˤ??ꡢľ???? AND-OR ?ꥹ?? ( û???ꥹ?ȱ黻?? ?Ǹ???) ???缡?¹Ԥ??ޤ??? “&” ?ϡ?ľ???? AND-OR ?ꥹ?Ȥ???Ʊ???˼¹Ԥ??ޤ???

??: ¾?Τ????Ĥ??Υ??????Ȱۤʤꡢ sh ?Ǥϥѥ??ץ饤???γƥץ??????ϵ?ư???? sh ?λҥץ??????Ȥʤ??ޤ????????????Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤǤ??? ?Ȥ????̤Ǥ??????ξ????ϸ??ߤΥ??????Ǽ¹Ԥ????ޤ????? ?Ķ????Ф????????ϱƶ???Ϳ???ޤ?????

?Хå????饦???ɥ??ޥ??? (&)

???ޥ??ɤ??????黻?ҥ????ѥ????? (&) ?ǽ?λ???Ƥ??????硢???????Ϥ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ? ??Ʊ???˼¹Ԥ??ޤ??????ʤ????????????Ϥ??Υ??ޥ??ɤν?λ???Ԥ????ˡ? ???Υ??ޥ??ɤμ¹Ԥ򳫻Ϥ??ޤ???

???ޥ??ɤ??Хå????饦???ɤǼ¹Ԥ????뤿???η????ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

command1 & [command2 & ...]

?????뤬????Ū?Ǥʤ????硢??Ʊ?????ޥ??ɤ?ɸ?????Ϥˤ? /dev/null ?? ??³?????ޤ???

?ꥹ?? (????Ū????)

?ꥹ?Ȥ? 0 ?Ĥޤ??Ϥ????ʾ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ?????ʸ???????ߥ?????ʸ???????? ?ѥ?????ʸ?? (&) ?Ƕ??ڤä????Ǥ????ꥹ?Ȥϡ??????? 3 ?Ĥε????Τ????줫?? ??λ?????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ????ꥹ?????Υ??ޥ??ɤ??¤٤??줿???˼¹? ?????ޤ????⤷?????ޥ??ɤ?³???ƥ????ѥ?????ʸ?????֤????Ƥ??????硢 ???????Ϥ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ???ư???????ȡ??????˼??Υ??ޥ??ɤν????򳫻Ϥ??ޤ??? ????¾?ξ??硢???Υ??ޥ??ɤν?λ???ԤäƤ??鼡?Υ??ޥ??ɤν????򳫻Ϥ??ޤ???

û???ꥹ?ȱ黻?? (Short-Circuit List Operators)

“&&” ?? “||” ?? AND-OR ?ꥹ?ȱ黻?ҤǤ??? “&&” ?Ϻǽ??Υ??ޥ??? ???¹Ԥ????⤷?ǽ??Υ??ޥ??ɤν?λ???ơ??????? 0 ?ʤ??м??Υ??ޥ??ɤ? ?¹Ԥ??ޤ??? “||” ??Ʊ?ͤǤ??????ǽ??Υ??ޥ??ɤν?λ???ơ??????? 0 ?Ǥʤ??????ˡ????Υ??ޥ??ɤ??¹Ԥ??ޤ??? “&&” ?? “||” ??ͥ?????̤? Ʊ???Ǥ???

???湽¤ (if, while, for, case)

if ???ޥ??ɤ?ʸˡ?ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

while ???ޥ??ɤ?ʸˡ?ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

?ǽ??Υꥹ?Ȥν?λ???ơ??????? 0 ?Ǥ??뤫???ꡢ2 ?ĤΥꥹ?Ȥ򷫤??֤? ?¹Ԥ??ޤ??? until ???ޥ??ɤ?Ʊ?ͤ˼¹Ԥ??ޤ????? ñ?? while ??????????ñ?? until ???Ȥ????Ȥȡ? ?ǽ??Υꥹ?Ȥν?λ???ơ??????? 0 ?ˤʤ??ޤǡ? 2 ?ĤΥꥹ?Ȥ򷫤??֤??¹Ԥ??뤳?Ȥ??ۤʤ??ޤ???

for ???ޥ??ɤ?ʸˡ?ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

?? word ??Ÿ?????졢?ѿ? variable ?? word ?????????ꤷ?ʤ????ꥹ?Ȥ? ?????֤??¹Ԥ??ޤ??? do ?? done ?? “{” ?? “}” ???֤??????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

break ?? continue ???ޥ??ɤ?ʸˡ?ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

break ????¦???? num ?Ĥ? for ?롼?פޤ??? while ?롼?פ???λ???ޤ??? continue ????¦???? num ?ĤΥ롼?פμ??η????֤??????????ܤ??ޤ??? ???????Υ??ޥ??ɤ??Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤȤ??Ƽ????????Ƥ??ޤ???

case ???ޥ??ɤ?ʸˡ?ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

pattern ?ϡ?1 ?Ĥ??뤤??ʣ???Υѥ????? (???Ҥ? ???????ѥ????? ?򻲾ȤΤ???) ?? “|” ????³???????ΤǤ???

ʣ???Υ??ޥ??ɤΥ??롼?ײ?

???ޥ??ɤϡ??ʲ??Τ????줫????ˡ?ˤ??ꥰ?롼?ײ????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

(list)

?ޤ??ϡ?

{ list; }

?ǽ??η????Ǥϡ????ޥ??ɤϥ??֥????????Ǽ¹Ԥ????ޤ??? ???Τ??ᡢ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤϸ??ߤΥ??????ˤϱƶ???Ϳ???ʤ????Ȥ????դ??Ƥ????????? 2 ?Ĥ??η????ǤϿ????ʥ??????? fork ???ʤ??Τǡ???????Ψ???ɤ??ʤ??ޤ??? ???Τ褦?ˤ???ʣ?????ޥ??ɤ򥰥롼?ײ????뤳?Ȥǡ? ????????ñ???ץ????????Ǥ??뤫?Τ褦?ˡ????????ν??Ϥ??ޤȤ??? ???????쥯?Ȥ??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

{ echo -n "hello"; echo " world"; } > greeting

?ؿ?

?ؿ??????ι?ʸ?ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

name ( ) command

?ؿ??????ϼ¹Բ?ǽʸ?ΰ????Ǥ????¹Ԥ??????ȡ?̾?? name ?δؿ? ?????????졢??λ???ơ??????Ȥ??? 0 ???֤??ޤ???command ?? ?̾ “{” ?? “}” ?ǰϤޤ줿?ꥹ?ȤǤ???

local ???ޥ??ɤ??Ѥ??ƴؿ??˶ɽ?Ū???ѿ??????????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ??? ?????ϴؿ????????κǽ???ʸ?ǹԤ??ʤ????Фʤ??ޤ??󡣹?ʸ?ϼ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

local ???ޥ??ɤϡ??Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤȤ??Ƽ????????Ƥ??ޤ???

?ѿ????ɽ??ѿ??ˤ??????硢?ؿ????ƤӽФ????Ķ???Ʊ??̾?????ѿ????????С? ???????ɽ??ѿ????ͤ? export??readonly ?ե饰???????Ѥ??ޤ????⤷Ʊ??̾???? ?ѿ????ʤ????С??ɽ??ѿ??Ͻ????ͤ??????ޤ??󡣥???????ưŪ???????? ???Ѥ??ޤ??????ʤ??????ؿ? f ?˶ɽ?Ū???ѿ? x ???????????ؿ? f ?????ؿ? g ???ƤӽФ??????硢?ؿ? g ?????Ǥ??ѿ? x ???Ф??????????????ѿ? x ?ǤϤʤ????ؿ? f ?????????줿?ѿ? x ?ؤ??????Ȥʤ??ޤ???

?ü??ѥ??᡼???Τ????ɽ??????Ǥ????Τ? “-” ?????Ǥ??? “-” ?? ?ɽ??????????ȡ??ؿ????? set ???ޥ??ɤ??Ѥ??ƥ????륪?ץ??????? ?ѹ????Ƥ⡢?ؿ?????λ?????Ȥ??????Υ??ץ??????ϸ????ͤ??????ޤ???

return ???ޥ??ɤ?ʸˡ?ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

?????ϸ??ߤμ¹ԥ??????פ???λ????1 ?????Υͥ??Ȥ????ؿ??? ?ɤ߹??ޤ줿???????ץȡ????????Υ??󥹥??󥹤??顢???줾?줳?ν????֤??ޤ??? return ?ϸ??߼¹????δؿ?????λ?????ޤ??? return ???Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤȤ??Ƽ????????Ƥ??ޤ???

?ѿ??ȥѥ??᡼??

???????ϥѥ??᡼???ν????????????Ƥ??ޤ???̾???????ĥѥ??᡼???? ?ѿ??ȸƤӤޤ??????????ϡ???ư???ˤ??٤ƤδĶ??ѿ??򥷥????ѿ??˼??????ߤޤ??? ???????ѿ??ϡ????η????ˤ??ä??????Ǥ??ޤ???

name=value

?桼???????ꤹ???ѿ??ϡ??????ե??٥åȡ??????????????????? (_) ?Τ? ?????ʤ?̾????????ɬ?פ??????ޤ????ޤ????ǽ???ʸ?????????Ǥ??äƤ? ?????ޤ????? ?ѥ??᡼???ϡ??ʲ??˼????????ޤ????ü쵭???ˤ??껲?Ȥ??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

???֥ѥ??᡼??

???֥ѥ??᡼???ϡ?0 ???????ο????ˤ??äƻ??Ȥ??????ѥ??᡼???Ǥ??????????? ???֥ѥ??᡼???ν????ͤȤ??ƥ????륹?????ץ?̾??³???????????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??? set ?ˤ????????????õ?Ǥ??ޤ???

?ü??ѥ??᡼??

?ü??ѥ??᡼???ϡ??ʲ??˵󤲤??ü?ʸ???Τ????줫?ˤ??껲?Ȥ????? ?ѥ??᡼???Ǥ????ƥѥ??᡼?????ͤ?????????ʸ???θ????˼????ޤ???

*

???֥ѥ??᡼?? 1,2,... ??Ÿ???????ޤ??????֥륯??????ʸ??????????Ÿ?? ?????????硢Ÿ?????̤ϳư??֥ѥ??᡼???δ֤??ѿ? IFS ????Ƭ??ʸ?? ( IFS ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??????? ⟨????ʸ??⟩ ) ?Ƕ??ڤä?ñ????ʸ?????ˤʤ??ޤ???

@

???֥ѥ??᡼?? 1,2,... ??Ÿ???????ޤ??????֥륯?????Ȱ??Ѥ???????Ÿ?? ?????????硢?ư??֥ѥ??᡼?????̡??ΰ????Ȥʤ??ޤ??? ?⤷?????֥ѥ??᡼???????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??????ˤϡ? @ ??Ÿ?????̤? 0 ?Ĥΰ????Ȥʤ??ޤ? (???֥륯?????Ȱ??Ѥ??????Ǥ??äƤ?)?? ???ʤ?????$1 ?? “abc” ??$2 ?? “def ghi” ?Ǥ??ä????硢 "$@" ?? ???? 2 ?Ĥΰ?????Ÿ???????ޤ???

"abc"   "def ghi"

#

???֥ѥ??᡼???ο???Ÿ???????ޤ???

?

?Ǹ??˼¹Ԥ????ѥ??ץ饤???ν?λ???ơ???????Ÿ???????ޤ???

-

(?ϥ??ե?) ???ߤΥ??ץ??????ե饰 (1 ʸ?????ץ?????̾???Ĥʤ???ʸ????) ??Ÿ???????ޤ?????ư???˻??ꤵ?줿???Ρ??Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??? set ?ǻ??ꤷ?? ???Ρ??????뤬???ۤ????ꤷ?????ΤΤ??٤Ƥ??ޤߤޤ???

$

??ư???줿???????Υץ????? ID ??Ÿ???????ޤ??? ???֥????????ƥ???????Ʊ???ͤ??????ޤ???

!

???ߤΥ????뤬?Ǹ??˥Хå????饦???ɤǼ¹Ԥ??????ޥ??ɤΥץ????? ID ?? Ÿ???????ޤ????ѥ??ץ饤???ξ??硢?ѥ??ץ饤???κǸ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ? ?ץ????? ID ?ˤʤ??ޤ???

0

(????) ????????̾???ޤ??ϥ????륹?????ץ?̾??Ÿ???????ޤ???

ñ??Ÿ??

?????Ǥϡ?ñ?????Ф???Ŭ?Ѥ????뤵?ޤ??ޤ?Ÿ???ˤĤ??????????ޤ??????Ȥ? ?Ҥ٤??褦?ˡ????٤Ƥ?Ÿ???????٤Ƥ?ñ?????Ф???Ŭ?Ѥ??????櫓?ǤϤ????ޤ?????

ñ????ñ?????Ф???Ŭ?Ѥ??줿??????Ÿ?????ѥ??᡼??Ÿ???????ޥ????ִ??? ????Ÿ???????????Ⱥ????η??̤?ñ???Υե??????ɤˤʤ??ޤ???ñ????ñ?줬 ʣ???Υե??????ɤ?ʬ?䤵??????ǽ?????????Τϡ??ե???????ʬ???ޤ??? ?ѥ?̾Ÿ???ξ????????Ǥ??????ε?§??ͣ?????㳰?ϡ????֥륯?????????? ?ѥ??᡼?? @ ??Ÿ???Ǥ? (????)??

ñ??Ÿ???ν????ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

1. ??????Ÿ?????ѥ??᡼??Ÿ???????ޥ????ִ???????Ÿ?? (???????Ϥ??٤? Ʊ???˹Ԥ????ޤ?)
2. ?ѿ? IFS ???ͤ????Ǥʤ????С?(1) ?η??̤γƥե??????ɤ??Ф??? ?ե???????ʬ?䤬?Ԥ?????
3. ?ѥ?̾Ÿ?? ( -f ???ץ???????̵???ξ???)
4. ???????Ⱥ???

ʸ?? “$” ?ϥѥ??᡼??Ÿ???????ޥ????ִ???????ɾ?????Ԥ????ä????ˤʤ??ޤ???

??????Ÿ?? (?桼???Υۡ????ǥ??쥯?ȥ?̾?ؤ??ִ?)

???Ѥ????Ƥ??ʤ???????ʸ?? (~) ?ǻϤޤ?ñ???ϡ???????Ÿ?????оݤˤʤ??ޤ??? ??????ʸ?????饹???å???ʸ?? (/) ?ޤ???ñ???ν?ü?ޤǤΤ??٤Ƥ?ʸ?????桼??̾ ?Ȥߤʤ??졢???Υ桼???Υۡ????ǥ??쥯?ȥ????ִ??????ޤ????⤷?桼??̾?? ??ά???줿???? (???Ȥ??? ~/foobar)????????ʸ?????ѿ? HOME ???? (???ߤΥ桼???Υۡ????ǥ??쥯?ȥ?) ???ִ??????ޤ???

?ѥ??᡼??Ÿ??

?ѥ??᡼??Ÿ???η????ϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

${expression}

?????ǡ?expression ???б????? “}” ?ޤǤΤ??٤Ƥ?ʸ???Ǥ????б????? “}” ??Ĵ?٤??ݤˡ??Хå??????å???ʸ???ˤ??ꥨ???????פ??줿?ꡢ????????ʸ???? ???ޤ줿 “}” ?䡢????Ÿ???????????ޤ??Ƥ???ʸ???䡢???ޥ????ִ????ѿ?Ÿ?????? ????ʸ????Ĵ?٤??оݤˤʤ??ޤ?????

?ѥ??᡼??Ÿ???η????Τ??????äȤ?ñ???ʤ??Τϰʲ??ΤȤ????Ǥ???

${parameter}

???Υѥ??᡼?????ͤ?¸?ߤ??????硢?????ͤ??֤??????????ޤ???

?ѥ??᡼??̾?䥷???ܥ????????? ({}) ?ǰϤ??Ǥ⹽???ޤ??󡣤????????̤ϡ? ???? 2 ʸ???ʾ夫???ʤ????֥ѥ??᡼???ξ????䡢?ѥ??᡼??̾??ľ???? ?ѥ??᡼??̾?ΰ????Ǥ????Ȥߤʤ?????ʸ????³?????????????? ??ά??ǽ?Ǥ??????֥륯?????Ȱ??????Υѥ??᡼??Ÿ???ϰʲ? ?Τ褦?ˤʤ??ޤ???

1. ?ѥ??᡼??Ÿ?????Ԥä????̤?ñ?????Ф??Ƥϡ??ѥ?̾Ÿ????Ŭ?Ѥ????ޤ?????
2. ?ѥ??᡼?????ü??ѥ??᡼?? @ ?ξ????????????ե???????ʬ????Ŭ?Ѥ????ޤ?????

?????ˡ??ʲ??η??????Ѥ??뤳?Ȥˤ??ꡢ?ѥ??᡼??Ÿ???η??̤˽??????ä??? ???Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

${parameter:-word}

?ǥե??????ͤؤ??ִ?: ?ѥ??᡼?? parameter ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????????? ?????ľ??硢word ??Ÿ?????????̤??ִ??????ޤ????????ʤ????С??ѥ??᡼ ?? parameter ???ͤ??ִ??????ޤ???

${parameter:=word}

?ǥե??????ͤ?????: ?ѥ??᡼?? parameter ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????????ͤ????ľ??硢word ??Ÿ?? ???????̤? parameter ???????????ޤ????ǽ?Ū?˥ѥ??᡼?? parameter ???? ???ִ??????ޤ??????֥ѥ??᡼?????ü??ѥ??᡼???ϡ???????ˡ?????????뤳?? ?ϤǤ??ޤ?????

${parameter:?[word]}

???????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??Ȥ??˥??顼?Ȥ???: ?ѥ??᡼?? parameter ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????????ͤ????ľ??硢word ??Ÿ?? ???????? (word ????ά???줿?????ˤϥѥ??᡼???????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????Ȥ?ɽ?? ?ǥե????ȤΥ??å?????) ??ɸ?२?顼???Ϥ˽񤭽Ф??졢 ?????????? 0 ?ν?λ???ơ??????ǽ?λ???ޤ??? ?????ʳ??ξ??硢?ѥ??᡼?? parameter ???ͤ??ִ??????ޤ???????Ū???????ξ????? ɬ?????⽪λ???ޤ?????

${parameter:+word}

?????ͤλ???: ?ѥ??᡼?? parameter ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????????ͤ????ľ??硢?????ͤ? ?ִ??????ޤ????????ʤ????С?word ??Ÿ?????????̤??ִ??????ޤ???

?ʾ??Υѥ??᡼??Ÿ???ˤ????ơ?`:' ???Ѥ????????ϥѥ??᡼???????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ? ???ޤ??϶????ͤǤ??뤳?Ȥ????????졢`:' ????ά?????ȥѥ??᡼???? ???ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????ȤΤߤ򸡺????ޤ???

${#parameter}

ʸ??????Ĺ??: ?ѥ??᡼?????ͤ? (ʸ?????Ȥ??Ƥ?) Ĺ?????ִ??????ޤ???

?ʲ??? 4 ?̤??Υѥ??᡼??Ÿ??????ʬʸ?????ڤ??Ф????????Ԥ??ޤ????ƾ??? ?ˤ????ơ??ѥ???????????ɽ???ǤϤʤ????ѥ??????ޥå???ˡ ( ???????ѥ????? ?ι??򻲾?) ???Ѥ??????ޤ????ѥ??᡼???? * ?ޤ??? @ ?ξ??硢Ÿ???η??? ???ɤ??ʤ뤫?ϵ??ꤷ?ޤ??? (unspecified)?? ?ѥ??᡼??Ÿ?????Τ????֥륯?????ȤǰϤ??Ǥ? ?ѥ??????ϰ??Ѥ????ޤ??????????̤Τʤ??ǰ??Ѥ??뤳?Ȥˤ??? ?ѥ??????????Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

${parameter%word}

??û???֥ѥ??????κ???: ?ޤ? word ??Ÿ?????졢???η??̤??ѥ??????Ȥ??ư????ޤ??? ?ѥ??᡼?? parameter ?α????顢?ѥ??????˰??פ?????û????ʬ??????????ʸ?????? ?ִ??????ޤ???

${parameter%%word}

??Ĺ???֥ѥ??????κ???: ?ޤ? word ??Ÿ?????졢???η??̤??ѥ??????Ȥ??ư????ޤ??? ?ѥ??᡼?? parameter ?α????顢?ѥ??????˰??פ?????Ĺ????ʬ??????????ʸ?????? ?ִ??????ޤ???

${parameter#word}

??û???֥ѥ??????κ???: ?ޤ? word ??Ÿ?????졢???η??̤??ѥ??????Ȥ??ư????ޤ??? ?ѥ??᡼?? parameter ?κ????顢?ѥ??????˰??פ?????û????ʬ??????????ʸ?????? ?ִ??????ޤ???

${parameter##word}

??Ĺ???֥ѥ??????κ???: ?ޤ? word ??Ÿ?????졢???η??̤??ѥ??????Ȥ??ư????ޤ??? ?ѥ??᡼?? parameter ?κ????顢?ѥ??????˰??פ?????Ĺ????ʬ??????????ʸ?????? ?ִ??????ޤ???

???ޥ????ִ?

???ޥ????ִ??ˤ??ꡢ???ޥ???̾???Ȥ򥳥ޥ??ɤν??Ϥ??֤??????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ??? ???ޥ????ִ??ϡ??ʲ??Τ褦?ˡ????ޥ??? command ???Ϥä????硢

$(command)

?ޤ??ϥХå????????ȥС???????

`command`

?Ȥ????????˹Ԥ????ޤ??? ???????ϡ????ޥ??? command ?򥵥֥??????δĶ??Ǽ¹Ԥ???command ??ɸ?????? ?˽??Ϥ??????Τ????Ǹ??β???ʸ???????????????̤??ִ????ޤ??? ?Ǹ??ʳ??? ???ԤϺ??????ޤ??󡣤????????ե???????ʬ???κݤˡ? IFS ???ͤ????ѤΤ??줫???ˤ??äƤϡ? ?????ǻĤä?????ʸ???????ɤ϶??????ִ??????뤳?Ȥ⤢???ޤ???

????Ÿ??

????Ÿ???Ȥϡ???????ɾ???????????ͤ??ִ????????ȤߤǤ???????Ÿ???η????ϰʲ? ?ΤȤ????Ǥ???

$((expression))

???? expression ?ϡ????????Υ??֥륯??????ʸ???????̰??????????ʤ??Ȥ??? ?????????Ƥϡ????֥륯??????ʸ???ǰϤޤ??Ƥ???ʸ??????Ʊ?ͤ˰??????ޤ??? ???????? expression ???Τ??٤ƤΥȡ??????˥ѥ??᡼??Ÿ???????ޥ????ִ??? ???????Ⱥ?????Ŭ?Ѥ??ޤ???

???˥??????Ϥ??η??̤??????Ȥ??ư??????????ͤ??ִ????ޤ???

????ʸ???ˤ???ʬ?? (?ե???????ʬ??)

?ѥ??᡼??Ÿ???????ޥ????ִ???????Ÿ???Τ??ȡ?????????Ÿ?????̤?Ĵ?٤ơ? ???֥륯?????Ȥγ??ˤ?????ʬ???Ф??ƥե???????ʬ????Ŭ?Ѥ??ޤ??? ???η??̡?ʣ???Υե??????ɤˤʤ??????⤢???ޤ???

???????ϡ??ѿ? IFS ?????ꤵ???Ƥ???ʸ?????줾?????ڤ?ʸ???Ȥߤʤ??? ?ѥ??᡼??Ÿ???η??̡??????ӥ??ޥ????ִ??η??̤??ե??????ɤ?ʬ?䤷?ޤ???

?ѥ?̾Ÿ?? (?ե?????̾????)

-f ?ե饰?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????С??ե???????ʬ?䤬?Ԥ??줿???ȡ??ե?????̾???? ???Ԥ????ޤ?????ñ???ϡ??????å????Ƕ??ڤ??줿?ѥ??????????Ǥ????Ȥߤʤ? ???ޤ????ѥ?̾Ÿ???????ˤ????ơ?ñ???ϡ??????????????ե????? ???٤ƤΥե?????̾???????ִ??????ޤ??????γƥե?????̾?ϡ?ñ???? ?ƥѥ???????ʬ?򡢤??Υѥ??????˰??פ???ʸ???????ִ????뤳?Ȥ? ?????????????ΤǤ??? ?????ˤ? 2 ?Ĥ????¤??????ޤ?: ?ޤ????ѥ??????ϥ????å??????ޤ?ʸ?????ˤ? ???פ??ޤ??󡣼??ˡ??ѥ??????ϡ????Υѥ????󤬥ԥꥪ?ɤǻϤޤ??ʤ??????ꡢ ?ԥꥪ?ɤǻϤޤ?ʸ?????˰??פ??ޤ????? ?????Ǥϡ??ѥ?̾Ÿ???? case ???ޥ??ɤ??Ѥ????????ѥ??????ˤĤ??????????ޤ???

???????ѥ?????

?ѥ??????ϡ??̾???ʸ???ȥ᥿?????饯???????ʤ??ޤ????̾???ʸ???ϡ? ????ʸ?????Τ??Τ˰??פ??ޤ??? ?᥿?????饯???? “!”, “*”, “?”, “[” ?Ǥ???????????ʸ???????? ?????ȡ??ơ????ü??ʰ?̣?򼺤??ޤ??????ޥ????ִ????ѿ??ִ??ˤ????ơ? ?ɥ뵭?????Хå?????????ʸ???????֥륯??????ʸ???????ˤʤ??????ˤϡ? ?ѿ????ͤ䥳?ޥ??ɤν??Ϥ????ˡ??????????ü???ʸ????¸?ߤ??뤫?ɤ????? Ĵ?٤??졢?????餬?????С??᥿?????饯???Ȥ??ư??????ޤ???

???????ꥹ??ʸ?? (*) ?ϡ??ɤΤ褦??ʸ?????Ȥ????פ??ޤ??? ?????????????ޡ???ʸ?? (?) ?ϡ?Ǥ?դ?ʸ?? 1 ʸ???Ȱ??פ??ޤ??? ???????? ([) ??ʸ?????饹?򳫻Ϥ??ޤ??? ʸ?????饹?κǸ??ϱ??????? “]” ?Ǥ??? “]” ???ʤ??????ϡ? “[” ??ʸ?????Τ??Τ˰??פ???ʸ?????饹?γ??ϤȤϸ??ʤ????ޤ?????ʸ?? ???饹???????????˽и????뤹?٤Ƥ?ʸ???˰??פ??ޤ??? ?ޥ??ʥ????????Ѥ????С?ʸ?????ϰϤ????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ??? ʸ?????饹?κǽ??˥??????????᡼???????ޡ??? (!) ???֤????Ȥǡ? ʸ?????饹?ΰ?̣??ȿž?????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

ʸ?????饹??ʸ?? “]” ???ޤ????ˤϡ? “]” ??ʸ?????饹?κǽ? ( “!” ???֤??????Ϥ??Τ???) ???֤??ޤ??? ʸ?????饹?? “-” ???ޤ????Ȥ???Ʊ?ͤǡ? ?ꥹ?Ȥκǽ??⤷???ϺǸ????֤??ޤ???

?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ???

?????Ǥϡ??̥ץ??????Ǥϼ¹ԤǤ??ʤ????????Ԥ????????Ȥ߹??ޤ??Ƥ??? ???ޥ??ɤ????󤷤ޤ??? ?????ˡ??Ȥ߹??ߥС????????? test(1) ????Ψ???夲?뤿?????󶡤????Ƥ??ޤ???

:

??λ???ơ????? 0 (??) ???֤??̥륳?ޥ??ɤǤ???

. file

???ꤵ?줿?ե????? file ?˵??Ҥ??줿???ޥ??ɤ??????????ɤ߹??ޤ졢 ?¹Ԥ????ޤ??? return ???ޥ??ɤ??? . ???ޥ??ɤθƤӽФ??????֤??Τˤ??Ȥ????ޤ??? file ?? “/” ʸ?????ޤ????硢?????̤??˰??????ޤ??? ?????Ǥʤ????С????????? PATH ?????Ѥ??ơ??ե??????򸡺????ޤ??? PATH ?????Ѥ??Ƥ⸫?դ????ʤ????硢???????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ??򸡺????ޤ???

alias [name ...]

 

alias [name=string ...]

name=string ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??????硢????????̾?? name ???????? string ?Υ????ꥢ???????????ޤ???ñ?? name ?????????ꤵ?줿???硢 ?????ꥢ?? name ???ͤ?ɽ???????ޤ????????????ꤵ???ʤ????硢 alias ???????????Ƥ??뤹?٤ƤΥ????ꥢ????̾?????ͤ?ɽ?????ޤ? ( unalias ?⻲??)?? ?????ꥢ?????ͤ?Ŭ?ڤ˥??????Ȥ????Ƥ??ꡢ ???????غ????Ϥ????Τ?Ŭ???Ƥ??ޤ???

bg [job ...]

???ꤵ?줿?????? (???ꤵ???ʤ??ä??????ϸ??ߤΥ?????) ???? ³???ƥХå????饦???ɤǼ¹Ԥ????ޤ???

builtin cmd [arg ...]

???ꤵ?줿?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??? cmd ???¹Ԥ??ޤ??? ???????ؿ???Ʊ̾???Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤǥ????Х饤?ɤ???????????ͭ?ѤǤ???

bind [-aeklrsv] [key [command]]

???Խ???ǽ?Υ????Х????ɤ?ɽ???⤷?????ѹ????ޤ??? ???Υ??ޥ??ɤˤĤ??Ƥ? editrc(5) ???????????Ƥ??ޤ???

cd [-L | -P] [directory]

???ꤵ?줿?ǥ??쥯?ȥ? directory ?˰?ư???ޤ??? directory ̵???????? HOME ?ǻ??ꤵ?????ǥ??쥯?ȥ??˰?ư???ޤ??? directory ?? /, ., .. ?Τ??????ǤⳫ?Ϥ??ʤ????硢???ꤵ?줿 directory ?? CDPATH ?ѿ????Υǥ??쥯?ȥ??ꥹ?Ȥ??鸡?????ޤ??? CDPATH ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????硢???????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ??򸡺????ޤ??? CDPATH ?η????? PATH ??Ʊ?ͤǤ???????Ū???????Ǥϡ??桼?? ?????ꤷ???ǥ??쥯?ȥ??Ȱۤʤ??????˰?ư???????硢 cd ?ϡ???ư???Υǥ??쥯?ȥ?̾??ɽ?????ޤ??? ?????ϡ? CDPATH ?ε?????ư????????ȡ??????ܥ??å????󥯤?é?ä???????ȯ?????ޤ???

-P ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢 .. ??ʪ??Ū?˰????졢?????ܥ??å????󥯤? .. ??ʬ???????????????˲??褵???ޤ??? -L ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿?????ϡ? .. ??????Ū?˰??????ޤ??? ?????餬?ǥե????ȤˤʤäƤ??ޤ???

chdir

cd ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤ???̾?Ǥ???

command [-p] [utility [argument ...]]

???ꤵ?줿 utility ??ñ?㥳?ޥ??ɤȤ??Ƽ¹Ԥ??ޤ? ( ñ?㥳?ޥ??? ???????????򻲾?)??

-p ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢???ޥ??ɸ????ϡ? PATH ?Υǥե??????ͤ??Ѥ??ƹԤ????ޤ??? ?????ˤ??????Ƥ?ɸ???桼?ƥ????ƥ??򸫤Ĥ??뤳?Ȥ??ݾڤ????ޤ???

echo [-e | -n] [string]

string ?θ??˲???ʸ?????դ??ơ?ɸ?????Ϥ?ɽ?????ޤ???

-n

?Ǹ??β???ʸ???????????ޤ???

-e

C ???ΥХå??????å??奨???????ץ??????󥹤????????ޤ??? echo ?ϼ???ʸ???????????פ????򤷤ޤ?:

\a

?ٹ? (ü???٥????Ĥ餹)

\b

?Хå????ڡ???

\c

?Ǹ??β???ʸ???????????ޤ? (????ʸ?????Ǹ???ʸ???Ǥʤ????硢?Ԥ??̤??Ǥ??ޤ??Ȥ????????Ѥ??????ޤ?)

\e

ESC ʸ?? (ASCII 0x1b)

\f

?ե??????ե?????

\n

????

\r

????

\t

??ʿ????

\v

??ľ????

\\

?Хå??????å???ʸ??

\0nnn

(???? 0 ?ϥ????Ǥ?) 8 ?ʿ??ͤ? nnn ?Ǥ???ʸ??

string ?????????Ȥdz??????Ƥ??ʤ????硢 ?????뤫?饨???????פ??뤿???ˤϡ? ?Хå??????å??弫?Ȥ??Хå??????å????ǥ????????פ???ɬ?פ??????ޤ??? ?㤨?м????̤??Ǥ?:

$ echo -e "a\vb"
a
 b
$ echo -e a\\vb
a
 b
$ echo -e "a\\b"
a\b
$ echo -e a\\\\b
a\b

-e ?? -n ???ץ??????Τ??????ɤ??餫?????Τߤ??????Ǥ??ޤ???

eval string ...

???ꤵ?줿???٤Ƥΰ??????????Ƿ??礷?????η??̤????Ϥ?ľ???Ƥ??? ???ޥ??ɤȤ??Ƽ¹Ԥ??ޤ???

exec [command [arg ...]]

command ????ά?????ʤ????硢???Υ??????ץ??????ϻ??ꤵ?줿?ץ????????? ?֤??????????ޤ? ( command ?ϡ????????Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤ??ؿ??ǤϤʤ?????ʪ?? ?ץ????????Ǥʤ????Фʤ??ޤ???)?? exec ???ޥ??ɤˤ????????????쥯?Ȥϡ? ?ʵ????????Ĥȸ??ʤ??졢 exec ???ޥ??ɴ?λ???ˤ?????³?????Ϥ??????ޤ???

exit [exitstatus]

??????????λ???ޤ??? exitstatus ?????ꤵ?줿???硢?????ϥ??????ν?λ???ơ??????ˤʤ??ޤ??? ?????Ǥʤ????硢ľ???˼¹Ԥ??????ޥ??ɤ? ??λ???ơ??????????????ν?λ???ơ??????Ȥʤ??ޤ???

export [-p] [name ...]

?????ʸ??˥????뤫???¹Ԥ????륳?ޥ??ɤδĶ??ˡ????ꤵ?줿̾?????ѿ??? ?ޤޤ????褦?ˤ??ޤ? (?ѿ??Υ??????ݡ???)?? ?ѿ??Υ??????ݡ??Ȥ??????ä?ͣ??????ˡ?ϡ??ѿ??? unset ???뤳?ȤǤ??? ?ʲ??Τ褦?˵??Ҥ??뤳?Ȥǡ????????ݡ??Ȥ????? Ʊ?????ѿ????ͤ????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

export name=value

?????????ꤷ?ʤ????硢???٤ƤΥ??????ݡ??Ȥ????Ƥ???̾?????ͤ?ɽ???????ޤ??? -p ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢???????ݡ??Ȥ????Ƥ????ѿ??ϡ????????? “export name=value” ?Ȥ?????????ɽ???????ޤ??? ?????ϥ??????غ????Ϥ????Τ?Ŭ???Ƥ??ޤ???

fc [-e editor] [first [last]]

 

fc -l [-nr] [first [last]]

 

fc -s [old=new] [first]

fc ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɤϡ?????Ū???????ˤ????????????Ϥ??줿???ޥ??ɤ????Ƥ??? ɽ?????Խ????Ƽ¹Ԥ??ޤ???

-e editor

?Խ??˺ݤ??????ꤵ?줿???ǥ??? editor ?????Ѥ??ޤ??? editor ???ѿ? PATH ???̤??Ƹ????Ǥ??륳?ޥ???̾?Ǥ??? -e ?????ꤵ???ʤ??ä??????ϡ??ѿ? FCEDIT ???ͤ??Ѥ??????ޤ??? FCEDIT ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??????????ꤵ???Ƥ????????? EDITOR ???ͤ??Ѥ????졢?????????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ??????ʤ??? ed(1) ???Ѥ??????ޤ???

-l (ell)

(??ʸ???Υ???) ???ǥ???????ư?????ˡ????ޥ????????????Ƥ????????Ϥ??ޤ??? ?ѥ??᡼?? first ?? last ?ǻ??ꤷ???ϰϤΥ??ޥ??ɤ????? (???Ϥν??֤? -r ???ץ??????αƶ????????ޤ?) ???Ϥ????ޤ??? ?ƥ??ޥ??ɤν??Ϥκݤˤϥ??ޥ????ֹ椬?ղä????ޤ???

-n

-l ?ǰ??????Ϥ????ݤ˥??ޥ????ֹ????ղä??ޤ?????

-r

???ޥ??ɰ????? ( -l ???ץ???????????) ???Խ??? ( -l ?? -s ?????ꤵ???ʤ??ä?????) ?ν?????ȿž???ޤ???

-s

???ǥ???????ư?????˥??ޥ??ɤ??Ƽ¹Ԥ??ޤ???

first

 

last

???????Ϥ??Խ????оݤȤʤ륳?ޥ??ɤ????򤷤ޤ?????????????ǽ?ʥ??ޥ??? ?ο????ѿ? HISTSIZE ???ͤǷ??ޤ??ޤ??? first ?ޤ??? last ???ޤ???ξ?????ͤϡ??ʲ??Τ????줫?η????ǻ??ꤷ?ޤ???

[+]num

???ο??ǡ????ޥ????ֹ??????ꤷ?ޤ??????ޥ????ֹ??? -l ???ץ???????ɽ????????Ĵ?٤뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

-num

???ο??ϡ? num ?Ĥ??????ߤ????̤ä????ޥ??ɤ????ꤷ?ޤ??????Ȥ??С? -1 ??ľ???˼¹Ԥ??줿???ޥ??ɤ????ꤷ?ޤ???

string

ʸ???? string ?ϡ??????˼¹Ԥ??줿???ޥ??ɤΤ????? ????ʸ???󤫤??Ϥޤ??ǿ??Τ??Τ????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?⤷ -s ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ???? old=new ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??ʤ????С? ?ǽ??Υ??ڥ????ɤ˥??????뵭?? ???ޤ??뤳?ȤϤǤ??ޤ?????

fc ???ޥ??ɤμ¹Ԥˤ????ꡢ?ʲ??δĶ??ѿ??αƶ????????ޤ???

FCEDIT

???Ѥ??륨?ǥ???̾

HISTSIZE

??????????ǽ?ʥ??ޥ??ɿ?

fg [job]

???ꤵ?줿?????? job ?ޤ??ϸ??ߤΥ????֤??ե??????饦???ɤ˰?ư???ޤ???

getopts optstring var

POSIX ?˽??򤷤? getopts ???ޥ??ɤǤ??? ???? getopts ???ޥ??ɤˤ??ꡢ?????? getopt(1) ???ޥ??ɤ?ɬ?????ϸ??????ޤ????? ?ǽ??ΰ?????ʸ???????Ǥ?????ʸ???θ????ˤϥ????????Ĥ??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??? ???Υ??ץ????󤬰??????Ȥ뤳?Ȥ??ؼ????ޤ??? ???ꤵ?줿?ѿ??ˡ????Ϥ??츫?Ĥ??ä????ץ??????????ꤵ???ޤ??? ???Ĥ??ä????ץ??????μ??ΰ????Υ????ǥå????ϥ??????ѿ? OPTIND ?˳?Ǽ?????ޤ??? ???륪?ץ????󤬰??????Ȥ????硢???ΰ????ϥ??????ѿ? OPTARG ???֤????ޤ??? ͭ???Ǥʤ????ץ??????˽Ф??魯?ȡ??ѿ? var ?ˤ? “?” ?????åȤ????ޤ??? getopts ?ϥ??ץ????󷲤?????????ã?????ȵ????? (1) ???֤??ޤ???

hash [-rv] [command ...]

???????ϡ????ޥ??ɤΰ??֤??ݻ??????ϥå????ơ??֥????ݻ????????Ƥ??ޤ??? hash ???ޥ??ɤ˰????????ꤵ???ʤ??ä????硢???Υơ??֥??????Ƥ????Ϥ????ޤ??? ?Ǹ??? cd ???ޥ??ɤ??¹Ԥ????Ƥ??黲?Ȥ????Ƥ??ʤ????ܤˤ? ???????ꥹ??ʸ?? ??ɽ???????ޤ??? ???ι??ܤ?̵???ˤʤäƤ??뤫?⤷???ޤ?????

?????????ꤷ?????硢 hash ???ޥ??ɤϻ??ꤷ?? command ???ϥå????ơ??֥뤫???????? ( command ???ؿ??ǤϤʤ?????)?????θ??Ǥ??Υ??ޥ??ɤ򸡺????ޤ??? -v ???ץ??????????ꤷ?????硢 hash ??ȯ?????????ޥ??ɤΰ??֤?ɽ?????ޤ??? -r ???ץ??????????ꤷ?????硢 hash ?ϴؿ??ʳ??Τ??٤ƤΥ????ȥ????ϥå????ơ??֥뤫?????????ޤ???

jobid [job]

?????? job ???γƥץ??????Υץ????? ID ??ɽ?????ޤ??????? job ?? ??ά???줿???硢???ߤΥ????֤??Ф??ƽ??????Ԥ??ޤ???

jobs [-ls] [job ...]

???ꤵ?줿?????֤ξ?????ɽ?????ޤ??? job ?????????ꤵ???ʤ??ä??????ϡ????ƤΥ????֤ξ?????ɽ?????ޤ??? ?????ˤϡ??????? ID?????ơ??????????ޥ???̾???ޤޤ??ޤ???

-l ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢?ơ??Υ????֤? PID ??ɽ???????ޤ??? -s ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢???????˥????֤? PID ?Τߤ?ɽ???????ޤ???

pwd [-L | -P]

???????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ??Υѥ???ɽ?????ޤ????Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ????Ǥ? ???????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ?̾???Ф??Ƥ??ꡢɽ???????Ȥ??˺Ʒ׻????ʤ??Τǡ? ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ????Ǥ?Ʊ̾?Υץ????????Ȥϰۤʤä?ɽ???򤹤????礬?????ޤ??? ???Τ????????Ϲ?®?Ǥ????????????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ? ??̾?????ѹ??????????Ǥ⡢?Ȥ߹????Ǥ? pwd(1) ?ϰ????Υǥ??쥯?ȥ?̾??ɽ????³???ޤ???

-P ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢?????ܥ??å????󥯤ϲ??褵???ޤ??? -L ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢???????ȥǥ??쥯?ȥ??? ????????ɽ????ɽ???????ޤ? (?????ܥ??å????󥯤ϲ??褵???ޤ???)?? ?????餬?ǥե????ȤǤ???

read [-p prompt] [-t timeout] [-er] variable ...

-p ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?졢????ɸ?????Ϥ?ü???ξ??硢 prompt ???ץ????ץȤȤ???ɽ?????ޤ??? ??????ɸ?????Ϥ??? 1 ?????Ϥ??ޤ?????ü?β???ʸ?????????????Ԥ????Ҥ? ????ʸ???ˤ???ʬ?? (?ե???????ʬ??) ????ˡ?˽??ä?ʬ?䤷????ñ??????variable... ?ǻ??ꤹ?????ѿ??? ???????????ޤ??? ?⤷?????ꤵ?줿?ѿ??ο?????ʬ?䤵?줿ñ???ο???¿?????С??Ǹ????ѿ??? ?Ĥ???ñ?줹?٤? ( IFS ??ʸ???????ڤ??ˤ??Ƥ?????????????) ???????????ޤ??? ʬ?䤵?줿ñ???ο?????¿?????ѿ??????ꤵ???Ƥ????ʤ顢 ;?ä??ѿ??ˤ϶?ʸ?????????ꤵ???ޤ???

-r ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿?????????????Хå??????å????????̤˰??????ޤ??? ?Хå??????å???ʸ????????ʸ????ľ???ˤ??????硢 ?Хå??????å???ʸ???Ȳ???ʸ???Ϻ????????ޤ??? ????¾??ʸ????ľ???˥Хå??????å??夬???????硢?Хå??????å????Ϻ??????졢 ʸ???? IFS ?˴ޤޤ??Ƥ??Ƥ⡢ IFS ??ʸ???Ǥʤ????Τ褦?˰??????ޤ???

-t ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?졢???????Ϥ??ʤ????????? timeout ???в᤹???ȡ? read ???ޥ??ɤ??ͤ??????Ƥ????????ޤ??? timeout ?ͤθ??ˤϥ??ץ??????? “s”, “m”, “h” ?Τ????줫?ΰ?ʸ?? ???դ??뤳?Ȥ????衢???줾???á?ʬ?????֤??ۤ˻??ꤷ?ޤ??? ?ɤ??????ꤷ?ʤ??????ˤ? “s” ?Ǥ??????ΤȤ??ޤ???

-e ???ץ??????ϡ??Ť????????ץȤȤθ????ߴ????Τ????????ˤ????ޤ???

readonly [-p] [name ...]

?ǻ??ꤵ?줿?ѿ????ɤ߽Ф????ѤȤ??????Ȥ??ͤ??ѹ??????? unset ???? ?ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ʤ??褦?ˤ??ޤ????ʲ??Τ褦?˵??Ҥ??뤳?Ȥǡ? ?ѿ????ɤ߽Ф????Ѥ??????????Τ?Ʊ?????ͤ????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ???ǽ?Ǥ???

readonly name=value

?????????ꤵ???ʤ????硢 readonly ???ޥ??ɤϡ??ɤ߽Ф????ѤˤʤäƤ????ѿ???̾???ΰ?????ɽ?????ޤ??? -p ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢?ɤ߽Ф????ѤˤʤäƤ????ѿ??򡢰??????? “readonly name=value” ?η?????ɽ?????ޤ??? ?????ϥ??????˺????Ϥ????Τ?Ŭ???Ƥ??ޤ???

set [-/+abCEefIimnpTuVvx] [-/+o longname] [-c string] [-- arg ...]

set ???ޥ??ɤ? 3 ?̤??ΰۤʤä???ǽ???????ޤ???

• ?????????ꤷ?ʤ??ä????硢û?????????Ǥ?Ĺ?? “-/+o longname” ?Ȥ????????Ǥ??äƤ⡢ ?????ꥹ?Ȥν??? ???????????????Ƥ????褦?ˡ????ꤵ?줿???ץ????????????ޤ??ϥ??ꥢ???Ԥ??ޤ???
• “--” ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢 set ?ϥ??????ΰ??֥ѥ??᡼???򡢰???³?????????֤??????ޤ??? “--” ???ץ??????θ??˰?????³???ʤ????硢 ???٤Ƥΰ??֥ѥ??᡼???ϥ??ꥢ???졢 “shift $#” ???ޥ??ɤ??¹Ԥ????Τ??????ˤʤ??ޤ??? ?????ִ??ѥ??᡼???Ȥ??ư????????ꤹ???Ȥ??? “--” ?ե饰?Ͼ?ά??ǽ?Ǥ??? ?????Ϥ??????Ǥ??ޤ????? ?ʤ??ʤ顢?ǽ??ΰ????ϥޥ??ʥ????? (-) ?ޤ??ϥץ饹???? (+) ?dz??Ϥ??뤫?⤷???ʤ??????Ǥ??? ???????ϡ? set ???ޥ??ɤ??????ץ???????ͭ?????ޤ???̵???????׵??Ǥ????Ȳ??ᤷ?Ƥ??ޤ??ޤ???

setvar variable value

?ѿ? variable ???? value ?????????ޤ???( setvar ?ϡ??ؿ????ǡ??ѥ??᡼???Ȥ????Ϥ??줿̾???????? ?ѿ????ͤ????????뤿???Τ??ΤǤ??? ???̤ˡ? setvar ???Ȥ???????

variable=value

?Ƚ񤯤ۤ???˾?ޤ????Ȥ????ޤ???)

shift [n]

???֥ѥ??᡼???? n ?󥷥եȤ??ޤ??? n ?????ꤷ?ʤ????? 1 ?󥷥եȤ??ޤ??? 1 ???Υ??եȤˤ??ꡢ$2 ???ͤ? $1 ?ˡ?$3 ?? ?ͤ? $2 ???????????ޤ? (?ʲ?Ʊ??)???ޤ???$# ???ͤ? 1 ???????ޤ??? ???֥ѥ??᡼?????ʤ????硢shift ?ϲ??⤷?ޤ?????

trap [action] signal ...

?????뤬???ꤵ?줿?????ʥ? signal ???????Ȥä??Ȥ??ˡ? action ?????Ϥ??¹Ԥ????褦?????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?????ʥ??ϥ????ʥ???̾?????ֹ??ǻ??ꤷ?ޤ??? ?????ˡ??????뽪λ???˼¹Ԥ???ư???????ꤹ?뤿???ˡ??????????ʥ? EXIT ?????Ѳ?ǽ?Ǥ??? action ?϶?ʸ?????? ?????ꡢ??ά?????ꤹ?뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ?????ʸ?????ξ??硢???ꤵ?줿?????ʥ??? ̵?뤵?졢??ά?????????ϡ????ꤷ???????ʥ????????Ȥä??Ȥ??ǥե????Ȥν????? ?Ԥ??ޤ????????뤬???֥?????????ư?????Ȥ???trap ?ǻ??ꤵ?줿 (??̵?뤵???Ƥ??ʤ?) ?????ʥ????ǥե????Ȥ?ư???˺????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?????뤬??ư?????Ȥ??ˤ??Ǥ?̵?뤵?????褦?????ꤵ???Ƥ????????ʥ????Ф??? trap ???ޥ??ɤ????Ѥ??Ƥ????̤Ϥ????ޤ?????

type [name ...]

?? name ?򥳥ޥ??ɤȤ??Ʋ??ᤷ?????ޥ??ɸ????η??̤????Ϥ??ޤ??????Ϥ? ???????̤ϰʲ??Τ??Τ??????ޤ??????????Υ?????ɡ??????ꥢ?????????? ???Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??ɡ????ޥ??ɡ????פĤ??????ꥢ?? (tracked alias)???Ǹ??? not found (???Ĥ??餺) ???????ޤ????????ꥢ???ˤĤ??Ƥϡ??????ꥢ??Ÿ?? ?η??̤????Ϥ????ޤ??????ޥ??ɤȺ??פĤ??????ꥢ???ˤĤ??Ƥϡ????Υ??ޥ??ɤ? ?????ʥѥ?̾???????????ޤ???

ulimit [-HSabcdflmnstuv] [limit]

?꥽?????Υ??ߥå??? (???ߥå??ͤˤĤ??Ƥ? getrlimit(2) ????) ?????ꤢ?뤤??ɽ?????ޤ??? limit ?????ꤵ???Ƥ??????硢???ꤵ?줿?꥽?????????ꤵ???ޤ??? ?????ʳ??ξ??硢???ߤΥ꥽?????????ͤ?ɽ???????ޤ???

-H ?????ꤵ?줿???硢?ϡ??ɥ??ߥåȤ??????ʤ???ɽ???????ޤ??? ?ϡ??ɥ??ߥå??ͤ򲼤??뤳?Ȥ?ï?ˤǤ??Ǥ??ޤ????? ?????????䤹???Ȥ??Ǥ????Τϥ????ѥ桼???????Ǥ??? ???ץ????? -S ?????ꤷ???????ϥ??եȥ??ߥåȤˤʤ??ޤ??? ???ߥå??ͤ?ɽ?????????硢 -S ?? -H ?Τ????줫?????????????????Ǥ??ޤ????? ?ǥե????ȤǤϡ?ɽ???ϥ??եȥ??ߥåȡ??????ϥϡ???/???եȥ??ߥå?ξ???Ǥ???

???ץ????? -a ?????ꤹ???? ulimit ???ޥ??ɤ????꥽???????????ͤ?ɽ?????ޤ??? ???ξ??硢?ѥ??᡼?? limit ?ϻ????Ǥ??ޤ?????

????¾?Υ??ץ??????ϡ?ɽ?????뤤?????ꤹ???꥽?????μ????????ꤹ?????ΤǤ??? ???????ϸߤ?????¾Ū?Ǥ???

-b sbsize

?????åȥХåե????????κ????͡??Х???ñ?̡?

-c coredumpsize

?????????ץե??????κ??祵??????512 ?Х??ȤΥ֥??å?ñ?̡?

-d datasize

?ץ??????Υǡ????????????Ȥκ??祵???????????Х???ñ?̡?

-f filesize

?ե??????κ??祵??????512 ?Х??ȥ֥??å?ñ?̡?

-l lockedmem

?ץ??????????å??Ǥ????????ꥵ?????κ????͡??????Х???ñ?̡?

-m memoryuse

?ץ??????ξ??󥻥åȥ??????κ????͡??????Х???ñ?̡?

-n nofiles

?????ץ????????????ץ??Ǥ????ե????뵭?һҤκ???????

-s stacksize

?????å??????????ȥ??????κ????͡??????Х???ñ?̡?

-t time

?ƥץ??????Ǿ????Ǥ??? CPU ???֤κ????͡???ñ?̡?

-u userproc

???Υ桼?? ID ??Ʊ???????餻?????????ץ?????????

-v virtualmem

1 ?ĤΥץ??????κ????ץ??????????????????Х???ñ?̡?

umask [mask]

?ե??????????ޥ??????? ( umask(2) ?򻲾?) ???? mask ?ǻ??ꤵ?줿 8 ?ʿ????ͤ????ꤷ?ޤ????????? ??ά???줿???硢???ߤΥޥ??????ͤ?ɽ???????ޤ???

unalias [-a] [name]

name ?????ꤵ?줿???硢???ꤵ?줿̾???Υ????ꥢ???????????ޤ??? -a ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢???٤ƤΥ????ꥢ???????????ޤ???

unset [-fv] name ...

???ꤵ?줿?ѿ??ޤ??ϴؿ??? unset ???????????ݡ??Ȥ????Ƥ??ʤ????֤ˤ??ޤ??? -v ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ???뤫?????ץ????󤬲??????ꤵ???ʤ??ä????硢 name ???????ѿ?̾?Ȥ??ư??????ޤ??? -f ???ץ????󤬻??ꤵ?줿???硢 name ?????ϴؿ?̾?Ȥ??ư??????ޤ???

wait [job]

???ꤵ?줿?????? job ????λ?????Τ??Ԥ????????????κǸ??Υץ??????? ??λ???ơ????????֤??ޤ???????????ά???줿???硢???٤ƤΥ????֤???λ???? ?ޤ??Ԥ?????λ???ơ????? 0 ???֤??ޤ???

???ޥ??ɹ??Խ?

sh ??ü??????????Ū?˼¹Ԥ????Ƥ??????硢???????????Υ??ޥ??ɤ????? ???ޥ??????? ( ?Ȥ߹??ߥ??ޥ??? ?? fc ????) ?? vi ?⡼?ɤΥ??ޥ??ɹ??Խ???ǽ ?ˤ????Խ????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ??? ???Υ⡼?ɤǤϡ?vi ?Υޥ˥奢???˼??????Ƥ??륳?ޥ??ɤΥ??֥??åȤ??Ѥ??ޤ??? ???ޥ??? “set -o vi” (?ޤ??? “set -V”) ?ˤ??? vi ?⡼?ɤ?ͭ???ˤʤꡢ sh ?? vi ???????⡼?ɤ˰ܹԤ??ޤ??? vi ?⡼?????Ǥϡ? ?????⡼?ɤȥ??ޥ??ɥ⡼?ɤ?ξ??????ͳ???ڤ??ؤ??뤳?Ȥ???ǽ?Ǥ??? vi ?⡼?ɤ? vi ??Ʊ?ͤǤ??ꡢ ⟨ESC⟩ ???? ?ˤ??ꥳ?ޥ??ɥ⡼?ɤ˰ܹԤ??????ޥ??ɥ⡼?ɤ? ⟨return⟩ ??????á?????Ȥǡ? ?Ԥ????Ƥ??????????Ϥ????ޤ???

Ʊ?ͤˡ????ޥ??? “set -o emacs” ?ˤ??? emacs ???Υ??ޥ??ɹ??Խ???ǽ?? ???֥??åȤ??Ȥ????Ȥ??Ǥ????褦?ˤʤ??ޤ???