GSP
Quick Navigator

Search Site

Unix VPS
A - Starter
B - Basic
C - Preferred
D - Commercial
MPS - Dedicated
Previous VPSs
* Sign Up! *

Support
Contact Us
Online Help
Handbooks
Domain Status
Man Pages

FAQ
Virtual Servers
Pricing
Billing
Technical

Network
Facilities
Connectivity
Topology Map

Miscellaneous
Server Agreement
Year 2038
Credits
 

USA Flag

 

 

Man Pages
Class(3) User Contributed Perl Documentation Class(3)

Socket::Class - A class to communicate with sockets

  use Socket::Class;

Socket::Class provides a simple, fast and efficient way to communicate with sockets. It operates outside of Perl IO and socket layer. It can be used as a replacement to IO::Socket. Little parts of Bluetooth technology has been integrated. Please see below.

The standard build includes Bluetooth protocols for RFCOMM (stream) and L2CAP (datagram). Bluetooth adapters on a MS-Windows operation system must be compatible with the Windows Bluetooth API to get it working. More specific Bluetooth support could be added in the future.

Main Functions
accept, bind, close, connect, free, new, listen, reconnect, shutdown

Sending and Receiving

print, printf, read, read_packet, readline, recv, recvfrom, say, send, sendto, write, writeline

Address Functions

get_hostaddr, get_hostname, getaddrinfo, getnameinfo, local_addr, local_path, local_port, pack_addr, remote_addr, remote_path, remote_port, unpack_addr

Socket Options

get_blocking, get_broadcast, get_option, get_rcvbuf_size, get_reuseaddr, get_sndbuf_size, get_timeout, get_tcp_nodelay, set_blocking, set_broadcast, set_option, set_rcvbuf_size, set_reuseaddr, set_sndbuf_size, set_timeout, set_tcp_nodelay

Miscellaneous Functions

available, fileno, handle, is_readable, is_writable, select, sleep, state, to_string, wait

Error Handling

errno, error, is_error

  use Socket::Class qw(SOMAXCONN);
  
  # create a new socket on port 9999 and listen for clients 
  $server = Socket::Class->new(
       'local_port' => 9999,
       'listen' => SOMAXCONN,
  ) or die Socket::Class->error;
  
  # wait for clients
  while( $client = $server->accept() ) {
      # somebody connected to us (we are local, client's address is remote)
      print 'Incoming connection from '
          . $client->remote_addr . ' port ' . $client->remote_port . "\n";
      # do something with the client
      $client->say( 'hello client' );
      ...
      $client->wait( 100 );
      # close the client connection and free its resources
      $client->free();
  }

  use Socket::Class;
  
  # create a new socket and connect to the server at localhost on port 9999
  $client = Socket::Class->new(
       'remote_addr' => 'localhost',
       'remote_port' => 9999,
  ) or die Socket::Class->error;
  
  # do something with the socket
  $str = $client->readline();  
  print $str, "\n";
  
  # close the client connection and free its resources
  $client->free();

  use Socket::Class;
  
  # create a new socket and connect to www.perl.org
  $sock = Socket::Class->new(
       'remote_addr' => 'www.perl.org',
       'remote_port' => 'http',
  ) or die Socket::Class->error;
  
  # request the main site
  $sock->write(
      "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n" .
      "User-Agent: Not Mozilla\r\n" .
      "Host: www.perl.org\r\n" .
      "Connection: Close\r\n" .
      "\r\n"
  ) or die $sock->error;
  
  # read the response (1MB max)
  $sock->read( $buf, 1048576 )
      or die $sock->error;
  
  # do something with the response
  print $buf;
  
  # close the socket an free its resources
  $sock->free();

  use Socket::Class;
  
  # create a new socket and connect to a bluetooth device 
  $sock = Socket::Class->new(
      'domain' => 'bluetooth',
      'type' => 'stream',
      'proto' => 'rfcomm',
      'remote_addr' => '00:16:20:66:F2:6C',
      'remote_port' => 1, # channel
  ) or die Socket::Class->error;
  
  # do something with the socket
  $sock->send( "bluetooth works" );
  
  ...
  
  # close the connection and free its resources
  $sock->free();

new ( [%arg] )
Creates a Socket::Class object, which is a reference to a newly created socket handle. new() optionally takes arguments, these arguments must set as key-value pairs.

  remote_addr    Remote host address             <hostname> | <hostaddr>
  remote_port    Remote port or service          <service> | <number>
  remote_path    Remote path for unix sockets    "/tmp/mysql.sock"
  local_addr     Local host bind address         <hostname> | <hostaddr>
  local_port     Local host bind port            <service> | <number>
  local_path     Local path for unix sockets     "/tmp/myserver.sock"
  domain         Socket domain name (or number)  "inet" | "inet6" | ...
  proto          Protocol name (or number)       "tcp" | "udp" | ...
  type           Socket type name (or number)    "stream" | "dgram" | ...
  listen         Put socket into listen state with a specified maximal
                 number of connections in the queue
  broadcast      Set SO_BROADCAST before binding
  reuseaddr      Set SO_REUSEADDR before binding
  blocking       Enable or disable blocking mode; default is enabled
  timeout        Timeout value for various operations as floating point
                 number;
                 defaults to 15000 (15 seconds); currently used by connect
    

If local_addr, local_port or local_path is defined, then the socket will bind a local address. If listen is defined, then the socket will put into listen state. If remote_addr, remote_port or remote_path is defined then connect() is called.

Standard domain is AF_INET. Standard socket type is SOCK_STREAM. Standard proto is IPPROTO_TCP. If local_path or remote_path is defined, then the standard domain becomes AF_UNIX and the standard protocol becomes 0.

Examples

Create a nonblocking listening inet socket on a random local port

  $sock = Socket::Class->new(
      'listen' => 5,
      'blocking' => 0,
  ) or die Socket::Class->error;
  
  print "listen on local port ", $sock->local_port, "\n";
    

Create a listening unix socket

  $sock = Socket::Class->new(
      'domain' => 'unix',
      'local_path' => '/tmp/myserver.sock',
      'listen' => 5,
  ) or die Socket::Class->error;
    

Connect to smtp service (port 25) on localhost

  $sock = Socket::Class->new(
      'remote_addr' => 'localhost',
      'remote_port' => 'smtp',
  ) or die Socket::Class->error;
    

Create a broadcast socket

  $sock = Socket::Class->new(
      'remote_addr' => '255.255.255.255',
      'remote_port' => 9999,
      'proto' => 'udp',
      'local_addr' => 'localhost',
      'broadcast' => 1,
  ) or die Socket::Class->error;
    

Undefining all reference variables will free the socket and its resources.

You can also call free() to free the socket explicitly.

shutdown ( [$how] )
Disables sends and receives on the socket.

Parameters

$how

One of the following values that specifies the operation that will no longer be allowed. Default is SD_SEND.

  Num   Const         Description
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  0     SD_SEND       Disable sending on the socket.
  1     SD_RECEIVE    Disable receiving on the socket.
  2     SD_BOTH       Disable both sending and receiving on the socket.
    

Return Values

Returns a true value on sucess or undef on failure. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  use Socket::Class qw(SD_BOTH);
  
  $sock = Socket::Class->new( ... );
  
  ...
  
  $sock->shutdown( SD_BOTH );
  $sock->free();
    
close ()
Closes the socket without freeing internal resources.
free ()
Closes the socket and frees all internally allocated resources.

bind ( [$addr [, $port]] )
bind ( [$path] )
Binds the socket to a specified local address.

Parameters

$addr or $path

On 'inet' family sockets the $addr parameter can be an IP address in dotted-quad notation (e.g. 127.0.0.1) or a valid hostname.

On 'inet6' family sockets the $addr parameter can be an IPv6 address in hexadecimal notation (e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344) or a valid hostname.

On 'unix' family sockets the $path is the pathname of a Unix domain socket.

If $addr is not defined the address from last bind is used.

$port

The $port parameter designates the port or channel on the local host.

Return Values

Returns a true value on sucess or undef on failure. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  $sock->bind( '0.0.0.0', 9999 )
      or die "can't bind: " . $sock->error;
    
listen ( [$backlog] )
Listens for a connection on a socket.

Parameters

$backlog

A maximum of backlog incoming connections will be queued for processing. If a connection request arrives with the queue full the client may receive an error with an indication of ECONNREFUSED, or, if the underlying protocol supports retransmission, the request may be ignored so that retries may succeed.

Return Values

Returns a true value on sucess or undef on failure. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  use Socket::Class qw(SOMAXCONN);
  ...
  $sock->listen( SOMAXCONN )
      or die $sock->error;
    
accept ()
Accepts a connection on a bound socket. Once a successful connection is made, a new socket resource is returned, which may be used for communication. If there are multiple connections queued on the socket, the first will be used. If there are no pending connections, accept() will block until a connection becomes present. If socket has been made non-blocking using set_blocking(), 0 will be returned.

Return Values

Returns a new socket class on sucess or 0 on non-blocking mode and no new connection becomes available or UNDEF on failure. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

Blocking mode (default)

  while( $client = $sock->accept() ) {
      # do something with the connection
      print "Incoming connection: ", $client->to_string, "\n";
      ...
      $client->free();
  }
    

Non blocking mode

  while( 1 ) {
      $client = $sock->accept();
      if( ! defined $client ) {
          # error
          die $sock->error;
      }
      elsif( ! $client ) {
          # no client, sleep for a while
          $sock->wait( 10 );
          next;
      }
      # do something with the connection
      print "Incoming connection: ", $client->to_string, "\n";
      ...
      $client->free();
  }
    

connect ( [$addr [, $port [, $timeout]]] )
connect ( [$path [,$timeout]] )
Initiates a connection.

Parameters

$addr or $path

On 'inet' family sockets the $addr parameter can be an IP address in dotted-quad notation (e.g. 127.0.0.1) or a valid hostname.

On 'inet6' family sockets the $addr parameter can be an IPv6 address in hexadecimal notation (e.g. 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344) or a valid hostname.

On 'unix' family sockets the $path is the pathname of a Unix domain socket.

If $addr is not defined the address from last connect is used.

$port

The $port parameter designates the port or service on the remote host to which a connection should be made.

$timeout

Optionally timeout in milliseconds as floating point number.

Return Values

Returns a TRUE value on sucess or UNDEF on failure. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  $sock->connect( 'www.perl.org', 'http' )
      or die "can't connect: " . $sock->error;
    
reconnect ( [$timeout] )
Closes the current connection, waits $timeout milliseconds and reconnects the socket to the connection previously made.

Return Values

Returns a true value on sucess or undef on failure. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  if( $sock->is_error ) {
  retry:
     print "socket error: ", $sock->error, "\n";
     # try to reconnect
     $r = $sock->reconnect( 1000 );
     if( ! $r ) {
         # can't connect
         goto retry;
     }
  }
    

send ( $buf [, $flags] )
Sends data to a connected socket.

Parameters

$buf

A buffer containing the data that will be sent to the remote host.

$flags

The value of $flags can be any combination of the following:

  Number  Constant         Description
  -------------------------------------------------------------
  0x1     MSG_OOB          Process OOB (out-of-band) data  
  0x2     MSG_PEEK         Peek at incoming message  
  0x4     MSG_DONTROUTE    Bypass routing, use direct interface  
  0x8     MSG_CTRUNC       Data completes record  
  0x100   MSG_WAITALL      Data completes transaction
    

Return Values

Returns the number of bytes sent or undef if an error occured. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  $r = $sock->send( "important message" );
  if( ! defined $r ) {
      # error
      die "can't sent: " . $sock->error;
  }
  print "sent $r bytes\n";
    

See Also

Socket::Class::Const

recv ( $buf, $len [, $flags] )
Receives data from a connected socket.

Parameters

$buf

A variable to write the received bytes into.

$len

The number of bytes to receive.

$flags

The value of $flags can be any combination of the following:

  Number  Constant         Description
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  0x01    MSG_OOB          Process OOB (out-of-band) data  
  0x02    MSG_PEEK         Peek at incoming message  
  0x04    MSG_DONTROUTE    Bypass routing, use direct interface  
  0x08    MSG_CTRUNC       Data completes record
  0x20    MSG_TRUNC        Return the real length of the packet, even
                           when it was longer than the passed buffer.
                           Only valid for packet sockets.
    

Return Values

Returns the number of bytes received or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

See Also

Socket::Class::Const

sendto ( $buf [, $to [, $flags]] )
Sends a message to a socket, whether it is connected or not.

Parameters

$buf

A buffer containing the data that will be sent to the remote host.

$to

Packed address of the remote host. (See pack_addr function)

$flags

The value of $flags can be any combination of the following:

  Number  Constant         Description
  -------------------------------------------------------------
  0x01    MSG_OOB          Process OOB (out-of-band) data  
  0x02    MSG_PEEK         Peek at incoming message  
  0x04    MSG_DONTROUTE    Bypass routing, use direct interface
    

Return Values

Returns the bytes sent to the remote host or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  $sock = Socket::Class->new( 'proto' => 'udp' );
  
  $paddr = $sock->pack_addr( 'localhost', 9999 );
  $sock->sendto( 'PING', $paddr );
    

OR

  $sock = Socket::Class->new(
      'proto' => 'udp',
      'remote_addr' => 'localhost',
      'remote_port' => 9999,
  );
  
  $sock->sento( 'PING' );
    

See Also

Socket::Class::Const

recvfrom ( $buf, $len [, $flags] )
Receives data from a socket whether or not it is connection-oriented

Parameters

$buf

The data received will be fetched to the variable specified with buf.

$len

Up to len bytes will be fetched from remote host.

$flags

The following table contains the different flags that can be set using the $flags parameter. Use the OR logic operator (|) to use more than one flag.

  Number  Constant         Description
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  0x001   MSG_OOB          Process OOB (out-of-band) data  
  0x002   MSG_PEEK         Receive data from the beginning of the receive
                           queue without removing it from the queue.
  0x040   MSG_DONTWAIT     With this flag set, the function returns even
                           if it would normally have blocked. 
  0x100   MSG_WAITALL      Block until at least len are received. However,
                           if a signal is caught or the remote host
                           disconnects, the function may return less data.
    

Return Values

Returns a packed address of the sender or 0 on non-blocking mode and no data becomes available or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

Blocking mode (default)

  while( $paddr = $sock->recvfrom( $buf, 1024 ) ) {
      ($r_addr, $r_port) = $sock->unpack_addr( $paddr );
      print "Incoming message from $r_addr port $r_port\n";
  }
    

Non blocking mode

  while( 1 ) {
      $paddr = $sock->recvfrom( $buf, 1024 );
      if( ! defined $paddr ) {
          # error
          die $sock->error;
      }
      elsif( ! $paddr ) {
          # no data, sleep for a while
          $sock->wait( 10 );
          next;
      }
      ($r_addr, $r_port) = $sock->unpack_addr( $paddr );
      print "Incoming message from $r_addr port $r_port\n";
  }
    

See Also

Socket::Class::Const

write ( $buffer [, $start [, $length ]] )
Writes to the socket from the given buffer.

Parameters

$buffer

The buffer to be written.

$start

The optional parameter $start can specify an alternate offset in the buffer.

$length

The optional parameter $length can specify an alternate length of bytes written to the socket. If this length is greater then the buffer length, it is silently truncated to the length of the buffer.

Return Values

Returns the number of bytes successfully written to the socket or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Notes

Note: write () does not necessarily write all bytes from the given buffer. It's valid that, depending on the network buffers etc., only a certain amount of data, even one byte, is written though your buffer is greater. You have to watch out so you don't unintentionally forget to transmit the rest of your data.

Examples

  # generate 1mb of data
  $data = '#' x 1048576;
  # send the data out
  $start = 0;
  $size = length( $data );
  while( !$sock->is_error && $start < $size ) {
      if( $sock->is_writable( 100 ) ) {
          $start += $sock->write( $data, $start );
      }
  }
    
read ( $buffer, $length )
Reads a maximum of length bytes from a socket.

Parameters

$buffer

A variable to write the read bytes into.

$length

The maximum number of bytes read is specified by the length parameter.

Return Values

Returns number of bytes read, or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  # read from socket until error
  $data = '';
  while( !$sock->is_error ) {
      if( $sock->is_readable( 100 ) ) {
          $sock->read( $buffer, 4096 )
              or last;
          $data .= $buffer;
      }
  }
  printf "received %d bytes\n", length( $data );
    
print ( ... )
Writes to the socket from the given parameters. print maps to write

Return Values

Returns the number of bytes successfully written to the socket, or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  $sock->print( 'hello client', "\n" );
    
printf ( $fmt, ... )
Writes formated string to the socket.

Parameters

$fmt

Defines the format of the string. See Perl printf and sprintf for more details

Return Values

Returns the number of bytes successfully written to the socket or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  # round number to 3 digits after decimal point and send it
  $sock->printf( "%.3f", $number );
  
  # does the same like above
  $sock->write( sprintf( "%.3f", $number ) );
    
writeline ( ... )
say ( ... )
Writes to the socket from the given string plus a carriage return and a newline char (\r\n). say is a synonym for writeline.

Return Values

Returns the number of bytes successfully written to the socket, or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  $sock->say( 'hello client' );
    
readline ( [$separator [, $maxsize]] )
Reads characters from the socket and stops at \r\n, \n\r, \n, \r or \0 if no $separator has been specified.

Parameters

$separator

Alternative line separator string.

$maxsize

Stop reading at $maxsize bytes. Default is 0 for unlimited size.

Return Values

Returns a string value, or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

read_packet ( $separator [, $maxsize] )
Reads characters from the socket and stops at $separator.

Parameters

$separator

Packet separator string.

$maxsize

Stop reading at $maxsize bytes. Default is 0 for unlimited size.

Return Values

Returns a string value, or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

set_blocking ( [$int] )
Changes the blocking mode of the socket.

Parameters

$int

  1 - blocking mode
  0 - non-blocking mode
    

Return Values

Returns a true value on success, or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

get_blocking ()
Returns the current blocking state.

Return Values

Returns TRUE value on blocking mode, or FALSE on non-blocking mode, or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

set_reuseaddr ( [$int] )
Sets the SO_REUSEADDR socket option.

Parameters

$int

  1 - enable reuseaddr
  0 - disable reuseaddr
    

Return Values

Returns a TRUE value on sucess or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

get_reuseaddr ()
Returns the current value of SO_REUSEADDR.

Return Values

Returns the value of SO_REUSEADDR or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

set_broadcast ( [$int] )
Sets the SO_BROADCAST socket option.

Parameters

$int

  1 - set SO_BROADCAST 
  0 - unset SO_BROADCAST
    

Return Values

Returns a TRUE value on sucess or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

get_broadcast ()
Returns the current value of SO_BROADCAST.

Return Values

Returns the value of SO_BROADCAST or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

set_rcvbuf_size ( [$size] )
Sets the SO_RCVBUF socket option.

Parameters

$size

The size of the receive buffer.

Return Values

Returns a TRUE value on sucess or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

get_rcvbuf_size ()
Returns the current value of SO_RCVBUF.

Return Values

Returns the value of SO_RCVBUF or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

set_sndbuf_size ( [$size] )
Sets the SO_SNDBUF socket option.

Parameters

$size

The size of the send buffer.

Return Values

Returns a TRUE value on sucess or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

get_sndbuf_size ()
Returns the current value of SO_SNDBUF.

Return Values

Returns the value of SO_SNDBUF or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

set_timeout ( [$ms] )
Sets the timeout for various operations.

Parameters

$ms

The timeout in milliseconds as floating point number.

Return Values

Returns a TRUE value on sucess or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

get_timeout ()
Returns the current timeout.

Return Values

Returns the timeout in milliseconds or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

set_tcp_nodelay ( [$int] )
Sets the TCP_NODELAY socket option.

Parameters

$int

On 1 disable the naggle algorithm, on 0 enable it.

Return Values

Returns a TRUE value on sucess or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

get_tcp_nodelay ()
Returns the current value of TCP_NODELAY.

Return Values

Returns the value of TCP_NODELAY or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

set_option ( $level, $optname, $optval, ... )
Sets socket options for the socket.

Parameters

$level

The level parameter specifies the protocol level at which the option resides. For example, to retrieve options at the socket level, a level parameter of SOL_SOCKET would be used. Other levels, such as TCP, can be used by specifying the protocol number of that level.

$optname

A valid socket option.

$optval ...

The value in packed or unpacked format. If $optval is an integer value it will be packed as int. For SO_LINGER, SO_RCVTIMEO and SO_SNDTIMEO one or two values are accepted. Please see examples below.

Return Values

Returns a TRUE value on sucess or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  use Socket::Class qw(SOL_SOCKET SO_LINGER SO_RCVTIMEO);
  
  $sock = Socket::Class->new( ... );
  
  # disable linger
  $sock->set_option( SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, 0, 0 );
  # same like
  $sock->set_option( SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER, pack( 'S!S!', 0, 0 ) );
  
  # set rcv timeout to 0sec + 100000usec
  $sock->set_option( SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, 0, 100000 );
  # or in milliseconds
  $sock->set_option( SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, 100 );
    

See Also

Socket::Class::Const

get_option ( $level, $optname )
Gets socket options for the socket.

Parameters

$level

The level parameter specifies the protocol level at which the option resides. For example, to retrieve options at the socket level, a level parameter of SOL_SOCKET would be used. Other levels, such as TCP, can be used by specifying the protocol number of that level.

$optname

A valid socket option.

  Option             Description
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------
  SO_DEBUG           Reports whether debugging information is being
                     recorded.  
  SO_ACCEPTCONN      Reports whether socket listening is enabled.  
  SO_BROADCAST       Reports whether transmission of broadcast messages
                     is supported.  
  SO_REUSEADDR       Reports whether local addresses can be reused.  
  SO_KEEPALIVE       Reports whether connections are kept active with
                     periodic transmission of messages. If the connected
                     socket fails to respond to these messages, the
                     connection is broken and processes writing to that
                     socket are notified with a SIGPIPE signal.  
  SO_LINGER          Reports whether the socket lingers on close()
                     if data is present.  
  SO_OOBINLINE       Reports whether the socket leaves out-of-band data
                     inline.  
  SO_SNDBUF          Reports send buffer size information.  
  SO_RCVBUF          Reports recieve buffer size information.  
  SO_ERROR           Reports information about error status and clears it.  
  SO_TYPE            Reports the socket type.  
  SO_DONTROUTE       Reports whether outgoing messages bypass the standard
                     routing facilities.  
  SO_RCVLOWAT        Reports the minimum number of bytes to process for
                     socket input operations. ( Defaults to 1 )  
  SO_RCVTIMEO        Reports the timeout value for input operations.  
  SO_SNDLOWAT        Reports the minimum number of bytes to process for
                     socket output operations.  
  SO_SNDTIMEO        Reports the timeout value specifying the amount of
                     time that an output function blocks because flow
                     control prevents data from being sent.
    

Return Values

Returns the value of the given option, or UNDEF on error. If the size of the value equals the size of int the value will be unpacked into integer. For SO_LINGER, SO_RCVTIMEO and SO_SNDTIMEO the value is unpacked, too. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  use Socket::Class qw(SOL_SOCKET SO_LINGER SO_RCVTIMEO);
  
  $sock = Socket::Class->new( ... );
  
  # get linger
  ($l_onoff, $l_linger) =
      $sock->get_option( SOL_SOCKET, SO_LINGER );
  
  # get rcv timeout
  ($tv_sec, $tv_usec) =
      $sock->get_option( SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO );
  # or in milliseconds
  $ms = $sock->get_option( SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO );
    

See Also

Socket::Class::Const

local_addr ()
Returns the local address of the socket
local_port ()
Returns the local port of the socket
local_path ()
Returns the local path of 'unix' family sockets
remote_addr ()
Returns the remote address of the socket
remote_port ()
Returns the remote port of the socket
remote_path ()
Returns the remote path of 'unix' family sockets
pack_addr ( $addr [, $port] )
Packs a given address and returns it.

Parameters

$addr

IP address on 'inet' family sockets or a unix path on 'unix' family sockets.

$port

Port number of the address.

Return Values

Returns the packed address.

Examples

  $paddr = $sock->pack_addr( 'localhost', 9999 );
  ($addr, $port) = $sock->unpack_addr( $paddr );
    
unpack_addr ( $paddr )
Unpacks a given address and returns it.

Parameters

$paddr

A packed address.

Return Values

Returns the unpacked address.

Examples

  $paddr = $sock->pack_addr( 'localhost', 9999 );
  ($addr, $port) = $sock->unpack_addr( $paddr );
  # in scalar context only the address part will return
  $addr = $sock->unpack_addr( $paddr );
    
get_hostname ()
get_hostname ( $addr )
remote_name ()
Resolves the name of a given host address. remote_name is a synonym for get_hostname.

Parameters

$addr

The host address in plain (e.g. '192.168.0.1') or packed format. If no address is specified the remote address of the socket is used.

Return Values

Returns the first hostname found, or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  $str = $sock->get_hostname( '127.0.0.1' );
  
  # -or-
  
  $paddr = $sock->pack_addr( '127.0.0.1', 9999 );
  $str = $sock->get_hostname( $paddr );
  
  # -or-
  
  $sock->connect( 'www.perl.org', 'http' )
      or die $sock->error;
  print "conntected to ", $sock->remote_name || $sock->remote_addr, "\n";
    
get_hostaddr ( $name )
Resolves the address of a given host name.

Parameters

$name

The host name as a string.

Return Values

Returns the host address, or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

  $host = 'www.perl.org';
  $addr = $sock->get_hostaddr( $host );
  print "address of $host is $addr\n";
    
getaddrinfo ( $node [, $service [, $family [, $proto [, $type [, $flags]]]]] )
The getaddrinfo function provides protocol-independent translation of host names to an address. The function can be exported.

Parameters

$node

A string that contains a host (node) name or a numeric host address string. For the internet protocol, the numeric host address string is a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or an IPv6 hex address.

$service

A service name or port number, or undef to get all services.

$family

The address family as name or number, or undef to get all families.

$proto

The protocol type as name or number, or undef to get all protocols.

$type

The socket type as name or number, or undef to get all socket types.

$flags

Flags that indicate options used. See getaddrinfo() flags in the Socket::Class::Const module

Return Values

Returns an array of hashes with address information, or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Address information structure:

  'family'         => address family as number
  'socktype'       => socket type as number
  'protocol'       => protocol type as number
  'paddr'          => address in packed format
  'canonname'      => [opt] canonical name for the host
  'familyname'     => [opt] name of address family (eg. 'INET')
  'sockname'       => [opt] name of socket type (eg. 'STREAM')
  'protocolname'   => [opt] name of protocol type (eg. 'TCP')
  'addr'           => [opt] readable version of IP v4/6 address
  'port'           => [opt] readable version of IP v4/6 port
    

Examples

getaddrinfo() as global function

  @list = Socket::Class->getaddrinfo( 'localhost' )
      or die Socket::Class->error;
    

getaddrinfo() with an object

  $sock = Socket::Class->new();
  @list = $sock->getaddrinfo( 'localhost' )
      or die $sock->error;
    

getaddrinfo() exported

  use Socket::Class qw/getaddrinfo/;
  
  @list = getaddrinfo( 'localhost' ) or die $@;
    
getnameinfo ( $addr [, $service [, $flags]] )
getnameinfo ( $paddr [, $flags] )
The getnameinfo function provides protocol-independent name resolution from an address to a host name and from a port number to the service name. The function can be exported.

Parameters

$addr

The host address in plain (e.g. '192.168.0.1') format.

$service

A service name or port number.

$paddr

A packed host address. See also pack_addr(), getaddrinfo()

$flags

A value used to customize processing of the getnameinfo function. See getnameinfo() flags in the Socket::Class::Const module

Return Values

Returns the hostname in scalar context, or hostname and service in array context, or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Examples

getnameinfo() as global function

  ($host, $service) = Socket::Class->getnameinfo( '127.0.0.1', 80 )
      or die Socket::Class->error;
  print "host: $host, service: $service\n";
    

getnameinfo() with an object

  $sock = Socket::Class->new();
  ($host, $service) = $sock->getnameinfo( '127.0.0.1', 80 )
      or die $sock->error;
  print "host: $host, service: $service\n";
    

getnameinfo() exported

  use Socket::Class qw/getnameinfo/;
  
  ($host, $service) = getnameinfo( '127.0.0.1', 80 ) or die $@;
  print "host: $host, service: $service\n";
    

available ()
Gets the amount of data that is available to be read.

Return Values

Returns the number of bytes that is available to be read, or undef on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Remarks

On blocking sockets the function can block infinitely. In this case you should call is_readable() before running the function.

Examples

  while( ! $sock->is_error ) {
      if( $sock->is_readable( 1000 ) ) {
          $size = $sock->available
              or die $sock->error;
          print "bytes to read: $size\n";
          $got = $sock->read( $buf, $size );
              or die $sock->error;
      }
  }
    
is_readable ( [$timeout] )
Checks the socket for readability.

Parameters

$timeout

The timeout in milliseconds as a floating point value. If $timeout is initialized to 0, is_readable will return immediately; this is used to poll the readability of the socket. If the value is undef (no timeout), is_readable() can block indefinitely.

Return Values

Returns TRUE if the socket is readable, or FALSE if it is not, or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

is_writable ( [$timeout] )
Checks the socket for writability.

Parameters

$timeout

The timeout in milliseconds as a floating point value. If $timeout is initialized to 0, is_writable will return immediately; this is used to poll the writability of the socket. If the value is undef (no timeout), is_writable() can block indefinitely.

Return Values

Returns TRUE if the socket is writable, or FALSE if it is not, or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

select ( [$read [, $write [, $except [, $timeout]]]] )
Runs the select() system call on the socket with a specified timeout.

Parameters

$read - [in/out]

If the $read parameter is set, the socket will be watched to see if characters become available for reading. Out: Indicates the state of readability.

$write - [in/out]

If the $write parameter is set, the socket will be watched to see if a write will not block. Out: Indicates the state of writability.

$except - [in/out]

If the $except parameter is set, the socket will be watched for exceptions. Out: Indicates a socket exception.

$timeout

The timeout in milliseconds as a floating point value. If $timeout is initialized to 0, select will return immediately; this is used to poll the state of the socket. If the value is undef (no timeout), select() can block indefinitely.

Return Values

Returns a number between 0 to 3 which indicates the parameters set to TRUE, or UNDEF on error. Use errno() and error() to retrieve the error code and message.

Remarks

In summary, the socket will be identified in a particular set when select returns if:

read:

  • If listen has been called and a connection is pending, accept will succeed.
  • Data is available for reading (includes OOB data if SO_OOBINLINE is enabled).
  • Connection has been closed/reset/terminated.

write:

  • If processing a connect call (nonblocking), connection has succeeded.
  • Data can be sent.

except:

  • If processing a connect call (nonblocking), connection attempt failed.
  • OOB data is available for reading (only if SO_OOBINLINE is disabled).

Examples

  use Socket::Class qw(SOL_SOCKET SO_ERROR);
  
  ...
  
  # watch all states and return within 1000 milliseconds
  $v = $sock->select( $r = 1, $w = 1, $e = 1, 1000 );
  unless( defined $v ) {
      die "select failed: " . $sock->error;
  }
  if( $e ) {
      # socket error
      $e = $sock->get_option( SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR );
      die $sock->error( $e );
  }
  if( $r ) {
      # socket is readable
      ...
  }
  if( $w ) {
      # socket is writable
      ...
  }
state ()
Returns the state of the socket.

Return Values

  Number   Constant             Description
  ---------------------------------------------------
  0        SC_STATE_INIT        Socket is created
  1        SC_STATE_BOUND       Socket is bound
  2        SC_STATE_LISTEN      Socket is listening
  3        SC_STATE_CONNECTED   Socket is connected
  4        SC_STATE_CLOSED      Socket is closed
  99       SC_STATE_ERROR       Socket got an error on last send or receive
    
to_string ()
Returns a readable version of the socket.
handle ()
fileno ()
Returns the internal socket handle. fileno is a synonym for handle.
wait ( $ms )
sleep ( $ms )
Sleeps the given number of milliseconds. sleep is a synonym for wait.

Parameters

$ms

The number of milliseconds to sleep as floating point number.

is_error ()
Indicates a socket error. Returns TRUE on socket state SC_STATE_ERROR, or FALSE value on other state.
errno ()
Returns the last error code.
error ( [code] )
Returns the error message for the error code provided by the $code parameter, or for the last error occurred.

  use threads;
  use threads::shared;
  
  use Socket::Class;
  
  our $RUNNING : shared = 1;
  
  our $Server = Socket::Class->new(
      'local_addr' => '0.0.0.0',
      'local_port' => 9999,
      'listen' => 30,
      'blocking' => 0,
      'reuseaddr' => 1,
  ) or die Socket::Class->error;
  
  # catch interrupt signals for a clean shutdown
  $SIG{'INT'} = \&quit;
  #$SIG{'TERM'} = \&quit;
  
  # create the server thread
  threads->create( \&server_thread, $Server );
  
  while( $RUNNING ) {
      # do other things here
      # ...
      # sleep for a while
      $Server->wait( 100 );
  }
  
  1;
  
  sub quit {
      my( $thread );
      $RUNNING = 0;
      foreach $thread( threads->list ) {
          eval {
              $thread->join();
          };
      }
      $Server->free();
      exit( 0 );
  }
  
  sub server_thread {
      my( $server ) = @_;
      my( $client );
      print 'Server running at ' . $server->local_addr .
          ' port ' . $server->local_port . "\n";
      while( $RUNNING ) {
          $client = $server->accept();
          if( ! defined $client ) {
              # server is closed
              last;
          }
          elsif( ! $client ) {
              # no connection available, sleep for a while
              $server->wait( 10 );
              next;
          }
          threads->create( \&client_thread, $client );
      }
      return 1;
  }
  
  sub client_thread {
      my( $client ) = @_;
      my( $buf, $got );
      print 'Connection from ' . $client->remote_addr .
          ' port ' . $client->remote_port . "\n";
      # do something with the client
      $client->set_blocking( 0 );
      while( $RUNNING ) {
          $got = $client->read( $buf, 4096 );
          if( ! defined $got ) {
              # error
              warn $client->error;
              last;
          }
          elsif( ! $got ) {
              # no data available, sleep for a while
              $client->wait( 10 );
              next;
          }
          print "Got $got bytes from client\n";
          $client->write( 'thank you!' );
      }
      # close the client and free allocated resources
      $client->wait( 50 );
      $client->free();
      # detach thread
      threads->self->detach() if $RUNNING;
      return 1;
  }

The module provides a C interface for extension writers.

Example XS

  #include <mod_sc.h>
  
  /* global pointer to the socket class interface */
  mod_sc_t *g_mod_sc;
  
  MODULE = MyModule             PACKAGE = MyModule
  
  BOOT:
  {
      SV **psv;
      psv = hv_fetch(PL_modglobal, "Socket::Class", 13, 0);
      if (psv == NULL)
          croak("Socket::Class 2.0 or higher required");
      g_mod_sc = INT2PTR(mod_sc_t *, SvIV(*psv));
  }
  
  void
  test()
  PREINIT:
      sc_t *socket;
      char *args[4];
      int r;
      SV *sv;
  PPCODE:
      args[0] = "local_port";
      args[1] = "8080";
      args[2] = "listen";
      args[3] = "10";
      r = g_mod_sc->sc_create(args, 4, &socket);
      if (r != SC_OK)
          croak(g_mod_sc->sc_get_error(NULL));
      g_mod_sc->sc_create_class(socket, NULL, &sv);
      ST(0) = sv_2mortal(sv);
      XSRETURN(1);

See mod_sc.h for the definition and the source code of Class.xs for an implementation.

Use Socket::Class::include_path() to get the path to mod_sc.h.

Christian Mueller, <http://www.alien-heads.org/>

The Socket::Class module is free software. You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public License or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file.
2012-01-20 perl v5.32.1

Search for    or go to Top of page |  Section 3 |  Main Index

Powered by GSP Visit the GSP FreeBSD Man Page Interface.
Output converted with ManDoc.