NAME

std::ios_base::iword - std::ios_base::iword

Synopsis

long& iword( int index );

First, allocates or resizes the private storage (dynamic array of long or another
indexable data structure) sufficiently to make index a valid index, then returns a
reference to the long element of the private storage with the index index.

The reference may be invalidated by any operation on this ios_base object, including
another call to iword(), but the stored values are retained, so that reading from
iword(index) with the same index later will produce the same value (until the next
call to std::basic_ios::copyfmt()). The value can be used for any purpose. The index
of the element must be obtained by a previous call to xalloc(), otherwise the
behavior is undefined. New elements are initialized to 0.

If allocation fails, calls std::basic_ios<>::setstate(badbit) which may throw
std::ios_base::failure

Notes

Typical use of iword storage is to pass information (e.g. custom formatting flags)
from user-defined I/O manipulators to user-defined operator<< and operator>> or to
user-defined formatting facets imbued into standard streams.

Parameters

index - index value of the element

Return value

A reference to the element.

Exceptions

May throw std::ios_base::failure when setting the badbit.

Example

// Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

struct Foo {
static int foo_xalloc;
std::string data;
Foo(const std::string& s) : data(s) {}
};

// allocates the iword storage for use with Foo objects
int Foo::foo_xalloc = std::ios_base::xalloc();

// This user-defined operator<< prints the string in reverse if the iword holds 1
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Foo& f)
{
if(os.iword(Foo::foo_xalloc) == 1)
return os << std::string(f.data.rbegin(), f.data.rend());
else
return os << f.data;
}

// This I/O manipulator flips the number stored in iword between 0 and 1
std::ios_base& rev(std::ios_base& os)
{
os.iword(Foo::foo_xalloc) = !os.iword(Foo::foo_xalloc);
return os;
}

int main()
{
Foo f("example");
std::cout << f << '\n' << rev << f << '\n' << rev << f << '\n';
}

Output:

example
elpmaxe
example