Virtual Terminals

The syscons driver provides multiple virtual terminals which appear as if they were separate terminals. One virtual terminal is considered current and exclusively occupies the screen and the keyboard; the other virtual terminals are placed in the background.

In order to use virtual terminals, they must be individually marked ``on'' in /etc/ttys so that getty(8) will recognize them to be active and run login(1) to let the user log in to the system. By default, only the first eight virtual terminals are activated in /etc/ttys.

You press the Alt key and a switch key to switch between virtual terminals. The following table summarizes the correspondence between the switch key and the virtual terminal.

Alt-F1   ttyv0      Alt-F7   ttyv6      Shift-Alt-F1   ttyva
Alt-F2   ttyv1      Alt-F8   ttyv7      Shift-Alt-F2   ttyvb
Alt-F3   ttyv2      Alt-F9   ttyv8      Shift-Alt-F3   ttyvc
Alt-F4   ttyv3      Alt-F10  ttyv9      Shift-Alt-F4   ttyvd
Alt-F5   ttyv4      Alt-F11  ttyva      Shift-Alt-F5   ttyve
Alt-F6   ttyv5      Alt-F12  ttyvb      Shift-Alt-F6   ttyvf

You can also use the ``nscr'' key (usually the PrintScreen key on the AT Enhanced keyboard) to cycle available virtual terminals.

The default number of available virtual terminals is 16. This can be changed with the kernel configuration option MAXCONS (see below).

Note that the X server usually requires a virtual terminal for display purposes, so at least one terminal must be left unused by getty(8) so that it can be used by the X server.

Key Definitions and Function Key Strings

The syscons driver, in conjunction with the keyboard driver, allows the user to change key definitions and function key strings. The kbdcontrol(1) command will load a key definition file (known as ``keymap'' file), dump the current keymap, and assign a string to a function key. See keyboard(4) and kbdmap(5) for the keymap file.

You may want to set the keymap variable in /etc/rc.conf.local to the desired keymap file so that it will be automatically loaded when the system starts up.

Software Font

For most modern video cards, e.g., VGA, the syscons driver and the video card driver allow the user to change the font used on the screen. The vidcontrol(1) command can be used to load a font file from /usr/share/syscons/fonts.

The font comes in various sizes: 8x8, 8x14 and 8x16. The 8x16 font is typically used for the VGA card in the 80-column-by-25-line mode. Other video modes may require different font sizes. It is better to always load all three sizes of the same font.

You may set font8x8, font8x14 and font8x16 variables in /etc/rc.conf to the desired font files so that they will be automatically loaded when the system starts up.

Optionally you can specify a particular font file as the default. See the SC_DFLT_FONT option below.

Screen Map

If your video card does not support software fonts, you may still be able to achieve a similar effect by re-mapping the font built into your video card. Use vidcontrol(1) to load a screen map file which defines the mapping between character codes.

Mouse Support and Copy-and-Paste

You can use your mouse to copy text on the screen and paste it as if it was typed by hand. You must be running the mouse daemon moused(8) and enable the mouse cursor in the virtual terminal via vidcontrol(1).

Pressing mouse button 1 (usually the left button) will start selection. Releasing button 1 will end the selection process. The selected text will be marked by inverting foreground and background colors. You can press button 3 (usually the right button) to extend the selected region. The selected text is placed in the copy buffer and can be pasted at the cursor position by pressing button 2 (usually the middle button) as many times as you like.

If your mouse has only two buttons, you may want to use the SC_TWOBUTTON_MOUSE option below to make the right button to paste the text. Alternatively you can make the mouse daemon emulate the middle button. See the man page for moused(8) for more details.

Back Scrolling

The syscons driver allows the user to browse the output which has ``scrolled off'' the top of the screen.

Press the ``slock'' key (usually ScrllLock / Scroll Lock or Pause on many keyboards) and the terminal is in the ``scrollback'' mode. It is indicated by the Scroll Lock LED. Use the arrow keys, the Page Up/Down keys and the Home/End keys to scroll buffered terminal output. Press the ``slock'' key again to get back to the normal terminal mode.

The size of the scrollback buffer can be set by the SC_HISTORY_SIZE option described below.

Screen Saver

The syscons driver can be made to put up the screen saver if the current virtual terminal is idle, that is, the user is not typing on the keyboard nor moving the mouse. See splash(4) and vidcontrol(1) for more details.

Kernel Configuration Options

The following kernel configuration options control the syscons driver.

MAXCONS=N

This option sets the number of virtual terminals to N. The default value is 16.

SC_ALT_MOUSE_IMAGE

This option selects the alternative way of displaying the mouse cursor in the virtual terminal. It may be expensive for some video cards to draw the arrow-shaped cursor, and you may want to try this option. However, the appearance of the alternative mouse cursor may not be very appealing. Note that if you use the SC_NO_FONT_LOADING option then you must also use this option if you wish to be able to use the mouse.

SC_CUT_SEPCHARS=_characters_

This options specifies characters that will be looked for when the driver searches for words boundaries when doing cut operation. By default, its value is "\x20" — a space character.

SC_CUT_SPACES2TABS

This options instructs the driver to convert leading spaces into tabs when copying data into cut buffer. This might be useful to preserve indentation when copying tab-indented text.

SC_DFLT_TERM=_name_

This option specifies the name of the preferred terminal emulator.

SC_DISABLE_KDBKEY

This option disables the ``debug'' key combination (by default, it is Alt-Esc, or Ctl-PrintScreen). It will prevent users from entering the kernel debugger (KDB) by pressing the key combination. KDB will still be invoked when the kernel panics or hits a break point if it is included in the kernel. If this option is not defined, this behavior may be controlled at runtime by the sysctl(8) variable hw.syscons.kbd_debug.

SC_DISABLE_REBOOT

This option disables the ``reboot'' key (by default, it is Ctl-Alt-Del), so that the casual user may not accidentally reboot the system. If this option is not defined, this behavior may be controlled at runtime by the sysctl(8) variable hw.syscons.kbd_reboot.

SC_HISTORY_SIZE=N

Sets the size of back scroll buffer to N lines. The default value is 100.

SC_MOUSE_CHAR=C

Unless the SC_ALT_MOUSE_IMAGE option above is specified, the syscons driver reserves four consecutive character codes in order to display the mouse cursor in the virtual terminals in some systems. This option specifies the first character code to C to be used for this purpose. The default value is 0xd0. A good candidate is 0x03.

SC_PIXEL_MODE

Adds support for pixel (raster) mode console. This mode is useful on some laptop computers, but less so on most other systems, and it adds substantial amount of code to syscons. If this option is NOT defined, you can reduce the kernel size a lot. See the VESAMODE flag below.

SC_TWOBUTTON_MOUSE

If you have a two button mouse, you may want to add this option to use the right button of the mouse to paste text. See Mouse Support and Copy-and-Paste above.

SC_NORM_ATTR=_attribute_

 

SC_NORM_REV_ATTR=_attribute_

 

SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTR=_attribute_

 

SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTRS=_attributes_

 

SC_KERNEL_CONS_REV_ATTR=_attribute_

These options will set the default colors. Available colors are defined in <machine/pc/display.h>. See EXAMPLES below. SC_KERNEL_CONS_ATTRS is a character string giving a sequence of attributes in binary format. The sequence will be repeated up to the number of CPUs. Beware that the string must not be null, since the kernel divides by its length.

SC_DFLT_FONT

This option will specify the default font. Available fonts are: iso, iso2, koi8-r, koi8-u, cp437, cp850, cp865, cp866 and cp866u. 16-line, 14-line and 8-line font data will be compiled in. Without this option, the syscons driver will use whatever font is already loaded in the video card, unless you explicitly load a software font at startup. See EXAMPLES below.

SC_NO_SUSPEND_VTYSWITCH

This option, which is also available as loader(8) tunable and sysctl(8) variable hw.syscons.sc_no_suspend_vtswitch, disables switching between virtual terminals (graphics <-> text) during suspend/resume (ACPI and APM). Use this option if your system is freezing when you are running X and trying to suspend.

The following options will remove some features from the syscons driver and save kernel memory.

SC_NO_CUTPASTE

This option disables ``copy and paste'' operation in virtual terminals.

SC_NO_FONT_LOADING

The syscons driver can load software fonts on some video cards. This option removes this feature. Note that if you still wish to use the mouse with this option then you must also use the SC_ALT_MOUSE_IMAGE option.

SC_NO_HISTORY

This option disables back-scrolling in virtual terminals.

SC_NO_SYSMOUSE

This option removes mouse support in the syscons driver. The mouse daemon moused(8) will fail if this option is defined. This option implies the SC_NO_CUTPASTE option too.

SC_NO_TERM_DUMB

 

SC_NO_TERM_SC

 

SC_NO_TERM_SCTEKEN

These options remove the "dumb", "sc", and "scteken" terminal emulators, respectively.

Driver Flags

The following driver flags can be used to control the syscons driver. Driver flags can be set with the hint.sc.0.flags tunable, either in /boot/device.hints, or else at the loader prompt (see loader(8)).

0x0080 (VESAMODE)

This option puts the video card in the VESA mode specified by /boot/device.hints variable vesa_mode during kernel initialization. Note that in order for this flag to work, the kernel must be compiled with the SC_PIXEL_MODE option explained above. A list of the available mode can be obtained via vidcontrol(1).

0x0100 (AUTODETECT_KBD)

This option instructs the syscons driver to periodically scan for a keyboard device if it is not currently attached to one. Otherwise, the driver only probes for a keyboard once during bootup.

Loader Tunables

These settings can be entered at the loader(8) prompt or in loader.conf(5).

kern.vty

When both syscons and vt(4) have been compiled into the kernel, the one to use for the system console can be selected by setting this variable to ‘sc’ or ‘vt’. The GENERIC kernel uses vt(4) when this value is not set.