NAME

blacklistd — block and release ports on demand to avoid DoS abuse

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

blacklistd is a daemon similar to syslogd(8) that listens to sockets at paths specified in the sockpathsfile for notifications from other daemons about successful or failed connection attempts. If no such file is specified, then it only listens to the socket path specified by sockspath or if that is not specified to /var/run/blacklistd.sock. Each notification contains an (action, port, protocol, address, owner) tuple that identifies the remote connection and the action. This tuple is consulted against entries in configfile with syntax specified in blacklistd.conf(5). If an entry is matched, a state entry is created for that tuple. Each entry contains a number of tries limit and a duration.

The way blacklistd does configuration entry matching is by having the client side pass the file descriptor associated with the connection the client wants to blacklist as well as passing socket credentials.

The file descriptor is used to retrieve information (address and port) about the remote side with getpeername(2) and the local side with getsockname(2).

By examining the port of the local side, blacklistd can determine if the client program “owns” the port. By examining the optional address portion on the local side, it can match interfaces. By examining the remote address, it can match specific allow or deny rules.

Finally blacklistd can examine the socket credentials to match the user in the configuration file.

While this works well for TCP sockets, it cannot be relied on for unbound UDP sockets. It is also less meaningful when it comes to connections using non-privileged ports. On the other hand, if we receive a request that has a local endpoint indicating a UDP privileged port, we can presume that the client was privileged to be able to acquire that port.

Once an entry is matched blacklistd can perform various actions. If the action is “add” and the number of tries limit is reached, then a control script controlprog is invoked with arguments:

control add <rulename> <proto> <address> <mask> <port>

and should invoke a packet filter command to block the connection specified by the arguments. The rulename argument can be set from the command line (default blacklistd). The script could print a numerical id to stdout as a handle for the rule that can be used later to remove that connection, but that is not required as all information to remove the rule is kept.

If the action is “rem” Then the same control script is invoked as:

control rem <rulename> <proto> <address> <mask> <port> <id>

where id is the number returned from the “add” action.

blacklistd maintains a database of known connections in dbfile. On startup it reads entries from that file, and updates its internal state.

blacklistd checks the list of active entries every timeout seconds (default 15) and removes entries and block rules using the control program as necessary.

The following options are available:

-C controlprog

Use controlprog to communicate with the packet filter, usually /usr/libexec/blacklistd-helper. The following arguments are passed to the control program:

action

The action to perform: add, rem, or flush to add, remove or flush a firewall rule.

name

The rule name.

protocol

The optional protocol name (can be empty): tcp, tcp6, udp, udp6.

address

The IPv4 or IPv6 numeric address to be blocked or released.

mask

The numeric mask to be applied to the blocked or released address

port

The optional numeric port to be blocked (can be empty).

id

For packet filters that support removal of rules by rule identifier, the identifier of the rule to be removed. The add command is expected to return the rule identifier string to stdout.

-c configuration

The name of the configuration file to read, usually /etc/blacklistd.conf.

-D dbfile

The Berkeley DB file where blacklistd stores its state, usually /var/db/blacklistd.db.

-d

Normally, blacklistd disassociates itself from the terminal unless the -d flag is specified, in which case it stays in the foreground.

-f

Truncate the state database and flush all the rules named rulename are deleted by invoking the control script as:

control flush <rulename>

-P sockspathsfile

A file containing a list of pathnames, one per line that blacklistd will create sockets to listen to. This is useful for chrooted environments.

-R rulename

Specify the default rule name for the packet filter rules, usually blacklistd.

-r

Re-read the firewall rules from the internal database, then remove and re-add them. This helps for packet filters that do not retain state across reboots.

-s sockpath

Add sockpath to the list of Unix sockets blacklistd listens to.

-t timeout

The interval in seconds blacklistd polls the state file to update the rules.

-v

Cause blacklistd to print diagnostic messages to stdout instead of syslogd(8).

SIGNAL HANDLING

blacklistd deals with the following signals:

HUP

Receipt of this signal causes blacklistd to re-read the configuration file.

INT, TERM & QUIT

These signals tell blacklistd to exit in an orderly fashion.

USR1

This signal tells blacklistd to increase the internal debugging level by 1.

USR2

This signal tells blacklistd to decrease the internal debugging level by 1.

FILES

/usr/libexec/blacklistd-helper

Shell script invoked to interface with the packet filter.

/etc/blacklistd.conf

Configuration file.

/var/db/blacklistd.db

Database of current connection entries.

/var/run/blacklistd.sock

Socket to receive connection notifications.

SEE ALSO

blacklistd.conf(5), blacklistctl(8), pfctl(8), syslogd(8)

HISTORY

blacklistd first appeared in NetBSD 7. FreeBSD support for blacklistd was implemented in FreeBSD 11.

AUTHORS

Christos Zoulas