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| NAMED(8) | BIND9 | NAMED(8) |
NAME
named - Internet domain name serverSYNOPSIS
named [[-4] | [-6]]
[-c config-file]
[-d debug-level] [
-D string] [
-E engine-name] [ -f] [-g]
[-L logfile]
[-M option] [ -m flag]
[ -n #cpus] [-p port]
[ -s] [-S #max-socks]
[-t directory]
[-U #listeners] [
-u user] [ -v] [-V]
[-X lock-file]
[-x cache-file]
DESCRIPTION
named is a Domain Name System (DNS) server, part of the BIND 9 distribution from ISC. For more information on the DNS, see RFCs 1033, 1034, and 1035. When invoked without arguments, named will read the default configuration file /etc/named.conf, read any initial data, and listen for queries.OPTIONS
-4Use IPv4 only even if the host machine is capable of
IPv6. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.
-6
Use IPv6 only even if the host machine is capable of
IPv4. -4 and -6 are mutually exclusive.
-c config-file
Use config-file as the configuration file instead
of the default, /etc/named.conf. To ensure that reloading the configuration
file continues to work after the server has changed its working directory due
to to a possible directory option in the configuration file,
config-file should be an absolute pathname.
-d debug-level
Set the daemon's debug level to debug-level.
Debugging traces from named become more verbose as the debug level
increases.
-D string
Specifies a string that is used to identify a instance of
named in a process listing. The contents of string are not
examined.
-E engine-name
When applicable, specifies the hardware to use for
cryptographic operations, such as a secure key store used for signing.
When BIND is built with OpenSSL PKCS#11 support, this defaults to the string
"pkcs11", which identifies an OpenSSL engine that can drive a
cryptographic accelerator or hardware service module. When BIND is built with
native PKCS#11 cryptography (--enable-native-pkcs11), it defaults to the path
of the PKCS#11 provider library specified via "--with-pkcs11".
-f
Run the server in the foreground (i.e. do not
daemonize).
-g
Run the server in the foreground and force all logging to
stderr.
-L logfile
Log to the file logfile by default instead of the
system log.
-M option
Sets the default memory context options. If set to
external, this causes the internal memory manager to be bypassed in
favor of system-provided memory allocation functions. If set to fill,
blocks of memory will be filled with tag values when allocated or freed, to
assist debugging of memory problems. ( nofill disables this behavior,
and is the default unless named has been compiled with developer
options.)
-m flag
Turn on memory usage debugging flags. Possible flags are
usage, trace, record, size, and mctx. These
correspond to the ISC_MEM_DEBUGXXXX flags described in
<isc/mem.h>.
-n #cpus
Create #cpus worker threads to take advantage of
multiple CPUs. If not specified, named will try to determine the number
of CPUs present and create one thread per CPU. If it is unable to determine
the number of CPUs, a single worker thread will be created.
-p port
Listen for queries on port port. If not specified,
the default is port 53.
-s
Write memory usage statistics to stdout on exit.
Note
This option is mainly of interest to BIND 9 developers and may be removed or
changed in a future release.
-S #max-socks
Allow named to use up to #max-socks
sockets. The default value is 4096 on systems built with default configuration
options, and 21000 on systems built with "configure
--with-tuning=large".
Warning
This option should be unnecessary for the vast majority of users. The use of
this option could even be harmful because the specified value may exceed the
limitation of the underlying system API. It is therefore set only when the
default configuration causes exhaustion of file descriptors and the
operational environment is known to support the specified number of sockets.
Note also that the actual maximum number is normally a little fewer than the
specified value because named reserves some file descriptors for its
internal use.
-t directory
Chroot to directory after processing the command
line arguments, but before reading the configuration file.
Warning
This option should be used in conjunction with the -u option, as
chrooting a process running as root doesn't enhance security on most systems;
the way chroot(2) is defined allows a process with root privileges to
escape a chroot jail.
-U #listeners
Use #listeners worker threads to listen for
incoming UDP packets on each address. If not specified, named will
calculate a default value based on the number of detected CPUs: 1 for 1 CPU,
and the number of detected CPUs minus one for machines with more than 1 CPU.
This cannot be increased to a value higher than the number of CPUs. If
-n has been set to a higher value than the number of detected CPUs,
then -U may be increased as high as that value, but no higher. On
Windows, the number of UDP listeners is hardwired to 1 and this option has no
effect.
-u user
Setuid to user after completing privileged
operations, such as creating sockets that listen on privileged ports.
Note
On Linux, named uses the kernel's capability mechanism to drop all root
privileges except the ability to bind(2) to a privileged port and set
process resource limits. Unfortunately, this means that the -u option
only works when named is run on kernel 2.2.18 or later, or kernel
2.3.99-pre3 or later, since previous kernels did not allow privileges to be
retained after setuid(2).
-v
Report the version number and exit.
-V
Report the version number and build options, and
exit.
-X lock-file
Acquire a lock on the specified file at runtime; this
helps to prevent duplicate named instances from running simultaneously.
Use of this option overrides the lock-file option in named.conf. If set
to none, the lock file check is disabled.
-x cache-file
Load data from cache-file into the cache of the
default view.
Warning
This option must not be used. It is only of interest to BIND 9 developers and
may be removed or changed in a future release.
SIGNALS
In routine operation, signals should not be used to control the nameserver; rndc should be used instead. SIGHUPForce a reload of the server.
SIGINT, SIGTERM
Shut down the server.
The result of sending any other signals to the server is undefined.
CONFIGURATION
The named configuration file is too complex to describe in detail here. A complete description is provided in the BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual. named inherits the umask (file creation mode mask) from the parent process. If files created by named, such as journal files, need to have custom permissions, the umask should be set explicitly in the script used to start the named process.FILES
/etc/named.confThe default configuration file.
/var/run/named/named.pid
The default process-id file.
SEE ALSO
RFC 1033, RFC 1034, RFC 1035, named-checkconf(8), named-checkzone(8), rndc(8), named.conf(5), BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual.AUTHOR
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2003-2009, 2011, 2013-2018 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")| 2014-02-19 | ISC |
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