̾??

traceroute - ?ѥ??åȤ??ͥåȥ?????Υۥ??ȤޤǤˤ??ɤ???ϩ??ɽ??????

????

traceroute [ -dFISdnrvx ] [ -f first_ttl ] [ -g gateway ]
[ -i iface ] [ -M first_ttl ]
[ -m max_ttl ] [ -P proto ] [ -p port ]
[ -q nqueries ] [ -s src_addr ] [ -t tos ]
[ -w waittime ] [ -z pausemsecs ]
host [ packetlen ]

????

???󥿡??ͥåȤϥͥåȥ???????ε?????ʣ???ʽ????Τǡ? ?????ȥ??????ˤ??äƸߤ?????³?????Ƥ??ޤ??? ?ѥ??åȤ?ή???????פ??뤳?? (???뤤?ϥѥ??åȤ??˴????밭?? ?????ȥ??????򸫤Ĥ??뤳??) ???????񤷤??Ż??ˤʤ????ޤ??? traceroute ?? IP ?ץ??ȥ????? `time to live' ?ե??????ɤ????Ѥ??ơ? ?????ۥ??ȤޤǤη?ϩ???????ƤΥ????ȥ????????? ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED ?쥹?ݥ󥹤??????Ф????Ȼ??ߤޤ???

ͣ????ɬ?ܥѥ??᡼??????Ū?ϤΥۥ???̾ (IP ???ɥ쥹?Ǥ???) ?Ǥ??? ?ץ????֥ѥ??åȤ?Ĺ???ϥǥե????Ȥ? 40 ?Х??ȤǤ????? ??Ū?Υۥ???̾?θ??˥ѥ??åȥ??????? (?Х???ñ?̤?) ???ꤹ?뤳?Ȥˤ??ä? ?礭?????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

????¾?Υ??ץ????????ʲ??????????ޤ???

-f: ?ǽ??????Ф????ץ????֥ѥ??åȤν?????ͭ?????? (time-to-live) ?????ꤷ?ޤ???
-F: ?֥ե饰???????Ե??ġץӥåȤ򥻥åȤ??ޤ???
-d: ?ѥ??åȥ??٥??ǥХå???ͭ???ˤ??ޤ???
-g: ?Ƥ??????????롼?ƥ??󥰤Τ????Υ????ȥ??????????ꤷ?ޤ??? ???? 8 ?Ļ????Ǥ??ޤ???
-i: ???Ф????ץ????֥ѥ??åȤ˻??Ѥ??뤿???Ρ? ???? IP ???ɥ쥹???????????ͥåȥ?????󥿥ե??????????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?̾?ޥ????ۡ????ۥ??ȤǤΤ?ͭ?ѤǤ? (Ʊ?????Ȥ??Ԥ?¾????ˡ?ˤĤ??Ƥ? -s ?򻲾Ȥ??Ƥ???????)??
-I: UDP ?ǡ????????????????? ICMP ECHO ?????Ѥ??ޤ? ("-P icmp" ??Ʊ???Ǥ?)??
-M: ???Ф??????ץ????֥ѥ??åȤ? time-to-live ?ν????ͤ????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?ǥե????Ȥ? 1 ?Ǥ??ꡢ?ǽ??Υۥåפ??鳫?Ϥ??뤳?Ȥ???̣???ޤ???
-m: ???Ф??????ץ????֥ѥ??åȤκ??? time-to-live (?????ۥå׿?) ?򥻥åȤ??ޤ??? ?ǥե????Ȥ? net.inet.ip.ttl ?ۥå? (TCP ??Ʊ???ǥե???????) ?Ǥ???
-n: ?????ȥ??????Υ??ɥ쥹???ۥ???̾?? IP ???ɥ쥹?ǤϤʤ? IP ???ɥ쥹??????ɽ?????ޤ? (?͡??ॵ???Фؤ? IP ???ɥ쥹?????ۥ???̾?ؤ??Ѵ??䤤???碌???ʤ??ޤ?)??
-P: ???ꤷ?? IP ?ץ??ȥ????Υѥ??åȤ????Ф??ޤ??? ???ߥ??ݡ??Ȥ????Ƥ????ץ??ȥ????? UDP, TCP, GRE, ICMP ?Ǥ??? ¾?Υץ??ȥ????? (̾???ޤ??Ͽ??ͤ?) ??????ǽ?Ǥ????? traceroute ?Ϥ??????Υѥ??åȥե????ޥåȤ˴ؤ??????̤??μ??ϼ??????Ƥ??ޤ????? ??ϩ???ΤɤΥ롼???? IP ?ץ??ȥ????ֹ??˽??äƥ֥??å????Ƥ??뤫?? Ƚ?ꤹ?????硢???Υ??ץ???????ͭ?ѤǤ??? ???ҤΥХ??򻲾Ȥ??Ƥ?????????
-p: ?ץ????֤˻??Ѥ??? UDP ?ݡ????ֹ? (?ǥե????Ȥ? 33434) ?? ?????? (base) ?????ꤷ?ޤ??? traceroute ????Ū?Υۥ??Ȥˤ????ơ? base ???? base+nhops-1 ?ޤǤ? UDP ?ݡ??Ȥ? listen ???Ƥ??ʤ????Ȥ????Ԥ??ޤ? (?????? ICMP PORT_UNREACHABLE ???å?????????ϩ???פ???λ?????뤿?????֤ä????ޤ?)?? ?ǥե????Ȥ??ϰϤΥݡ??Ȥ? listen ?????Ƥ??????Τ??????????ϡ? ???Υ??ץ????????Ѥ??ƻ??Ѥ????Ƥ??ʤ??ϰϤΥݡ??Ȥ? ???Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???
-q: ?ۥå????Υץ????ֲ????????ꤷ?ޤ? (?ǥե????Ȥ? 3 ???Ǥ?)??
-r: ?̾??Υ롼?ƥ??󥰥ơ??֥??????Ѥ??ޤ????? ?ץ????֥ѥ??åȤ???³?????Ƥ????ͥåȥ?????Υۥ??Ȥ?ľ?????Ф??ޤ??? ???Υۥ??Ȥ?ľ????³???줿?ͥåȥ?????ˤʤ??????ˤ? ???顼???֤??ޤ??? ???Υ??ץ??????ϡ? ??ϩ???????ʤ????󥿥ե????????𤷤ƥ????????ۥ??Ȥ? ping ???????? (???Ȥ??С? routed(8C) ?ˤ??äƥ??󥿥ե????????ä??줿??) ?˻??Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???
-s: ???Ф??????ץ????֥ѥ??åȤΥ????????ɥ쥹 (???Ф??륢?ɥ쥹) ?Ȥ??ơ? ?????? IP ???ɥ쥹 (?̾?ۥ???̾?ǤϤʤ????????ǻ??ꤷ?ޤ?) ???Ѥ??ޤ??? ?ޥ????ۡ????ۥ??? (ʣ?? IP ???ɥ쥹?????ĥۥ???) ?ǡ? ?ץ????֥ѥ??åȤ??̤Υ????????ɥ쥹?? ?????????Τ˻??Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ??? ???ꤷ?? IP ???ɥ쥹???????Υۥ??ȤΥ??󥿥ե??????Υ??ɥ쥹?Τ????? 1 ?ĤǤʤ????硢???顼???֤??첿?????Ф????ޤ??? (Ʊ?????Ȥ??Ԥ?¾????ˡ?ˤĤ??Ƥ? -i ?򻲾Ȥ??Ƥ???????)??
-S: ?ƥۥåפ??Ф??????ĤΥץ????֤??Ф?????????̵???ä????ΤޤȤ???ɽ?????ޤ???
-t: ?ץ????֥ѥ??åȤ? type-of-service ?˰??????? (?ǥե????Ȥ? 0) ?????ꤷ?ޤ??? ?ͤ? 0 ???? 255 ?ޤǤν??ʿ??Ǥ??? type-of-service ???ͤˤ??äơ???ϩ???ۤʤ??Τ??򸫤뤿???ˡ? ???Υ??ץ??????????Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ? (telnet ?? ftp ?Τ褦???̾??Υͥåȥ???????ӥ??ϡ? TOS ?????椹?뤳?ȤϤǤ??ʤ??Τǡ? 4.4bsd ?ʹߤΥ????ƥ??Ǥʤ????С????Υ??ץ??????μº?Ū?ʰ?̣?Ϥ????ޤ???)?? ???Ƥ? TOS ???ͤ˰?̣???????櫓?ǤϤ????ޤ????? ?????ˤĤ??Ƥ? IP ?ξܺ٤򻲾Ȥ??Ƥ????????? ?????餯?? `-t 16' (low delay) ?? `-t 8' (high throughput) ??ͭ?פ??ͤǤ??礦??
-v: ??Ĺ?⡼?ɤǤ??? TIME_EXCEEDED ?? UNREACHABLE ?ʳ??μ??????? ICMP ?ѥ??åȤ?ɽ?????ޤ???
-w: ?ץ????֥ѥ??åȤα??????? (?ǥե????Ȥ? 5 ??) ?? (??ñ?̤?) ???ꤷ?ޤ???
-x: IP ?????å????????ڤ??ؤ??ޤ??? ?̾盧???ϡ?traceroute ?ˤ??? IP ?????å??????η׻????޻ߤ??ޤ??? ???ڥ졼?ƥ??󥰥????ƥब???ϥѥ??åȤΰ??????񤭴????뤳?Ȥ??????ޤ????? ?????å????????Ʒ׻????ޤ??? (???Τ????ǥե????Ȥ??????å????????׻????ʤ????ȤˤʤäƤ??ơ? -x ?????Ѥ??뤳?Ȥˤ????????å??????׻???ͭ???ˤʤ????礬?????ޤ?)?? ICMP ECHO ?ץ????ֻ??ѻ? (-I) ?ˤϡ??ǽ??ۥåפǤ??̾??????å????बɬ?פʤ??Ȥ????դ??Ƥ????????? ???Τ??ᡢICMP ???ѻ??ˤϾ??˥????å????ब?׻??????ޤ???
-z: ?ץ????ִ֤εٻ߻??? (?ߥ???ñ??) ?????ꤷ?ޤ? (?ǥե????Ȥ? 0)?? ?㤨?? Solaris ?Τ褦?ʥ????ƥ??? Cisco ?Τ褦?ʥ롼???Ǥϡ? ICMP ???å??????????٤????¤򤫤??Ƥ??ޤ??? ?????ͤˤ? 500 (1/2 ??) ?????ꤹ?????ɤ??Ǥ??礦??

???Υץ????????ϡ?IP ?ѥ??åȤ? ?????ۥ??Ȥ???ã?????ޤǤˤ??ɤ???ϩ?????פ??????ΤǤ??? UDP ?ץ????֥ѥ??åȤ򾮤??? ttl (time to live) ?????Ф??? ?????ȥ????????? ICMP "time exceeded" ???֤äƤ????Τ??Ԥ??ޤ??? ?ޤ????ץ????֤? ttl 1 ?????Ϥᡢ(?ۥ??Ȥ???ã???????Ȥ???̣????) ICMP "port unreachable" ???????????ޤǡ? ???뤤?Ϻ??? (?ǥե????Ȥ? net.inet.ip.ttl ?Ǥ????? -m ?ե饰???ѹ??Ǥ??ޤ?) ?ˤʤ??ޤ? ttl ?? 1 ?Ť????䤷?ޤ??? ?? ttl ???Ф??ơ?3 ?? ( -q ?ե饰???ѹ???ǽ?Ǥ?) ?Υץ????֤????Ф??졢 ttl???????ȥ??????Υ??ɥ쥹???ƥץ????֤α??????֤? 1 ?Ԥ?ɽ?????ޤ??? ?ۤʤ륲???ȥ??????????ץ????֤??֤äƤ????????ϡ? ???줾???Υ????ƥ??Υ??ɥ쥹??ɽ?????ޤ??? 5 ?? ( -w ?ե饰???ѹ????ޤ?) ??????ȿ?????ʤ??????ϡ? ?ƥץ????֤??Ф??? "*" ??ɽ?????ޤ???

??Ū?Υۥ??ȤΥݡ??Ȥ???Ŭ?????ͤ????ꤵ???Ƥ??뤿???ˡ? UDP ?ץ????֥ѥ??åȤ??????????Ƥ??ޤ????Ȥ??桹??˾?ߤޤ??? (??Ū?Υۥ??Ȥ??????ͤ????Ѥ??Ƥ??????硢 -p ?ե饰?? ?ѹ????뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ?)??

???ѤȽ??Ϥ??? :

[yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net.
traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 64 hops max, 38 byte packet


 1  helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1)  19 ms  19 ms  0 ms


 2  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  39 ms  19 ms


 3  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  39 ms  19 ms


 4  ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23)  39 ms  40 ms  39 ms


 5  ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22)  39 ms  39 ms  39 ms


 6  128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4)  40 ms  59 ms  59 ms


 7  131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5)  59 ms  59 ms  59 ms


 8  129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13)  99 ms  99 ms  80 ms


 9  129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6)  139 ms  239 ms  319 ms
10  129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7)  220 ms  199 ms  199 ms
11  nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48)  239 ms  239 ms  239 ms

2 ???ܤ? 3 ???ܤ?Ʊ???Ǥ??뤳?Ȥ????դ??Ʋ??????? ?????ϡ?2???ܤΥ????ƥ? - lbl-csam.arpa - ???? ttl 0 ?Υѥ??åȤ?ž???????Ȥ??? (4.3BSD ?˴ޤޤ???) ?Х??? ???ä??????ͥ??Ǥ??뤳?Ȥˤ??????ΤǤ??? ?ޤ???NSFNet (129.140) ?ϥ??ɥ쥹???ۥ???̾???Ѵ????Ƥ????ʤ??Τǡ? ?ѥ??åȤ??ɤη?ϩ?򤿤ɤä??Τ??? ??¬????ɬ?פ????뤳?Ȥ????դ??Ʋ???????

???äȶ?̣?????? :

[yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu.
traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 64 hops max


 1  helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1)  0 ms  0 ms  0 ms


 2  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  19 ms  19 ms  19 ms


 3  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  19 ms  19 ms


 4  ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23)  19 ms  39 ms  39 ms


 5  ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22)  20 ms  39 ms  39 ms


 6  128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4)  59 ms  119 ms  39 ms


 7  131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5)  59 ms  59 ms  39 ms


 8  129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13)  80 ms  79 ms  99 ms


 9  129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6)  139 ms  139 ms  159 ms
10  129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7)  199 ms  180 ms  300 ms
11  129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17)  300 ms  239 ms  239 ms
12  * * *
13  128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72)  259 ms  499 ms  279 ms
14  * * *
15  * * *
16  * * *
17  * * *
18  ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115)  339 ms  279 ms  279 ms

l2, 14, 15, 16, 17 ???ܤΥ????ȥ??????? ICMP "time exceeded" ???å??????????Ф??Ƥ??ʤ????? ???뤤?????Ф??줿 ICMP "time exceeded" ???å??????? ttl ?????????????ˡ? ??????????ã???ʤ??ΤǤ??礦?? 14 ???? 17 ???ܤΥۥ??ȤǤϡ?"time exceeded" ?????Ф??ʤ? MIT C Gateway ?????ɤ???ư???Ƥ??ޤ??? 12 ???ܤǲ????????äƤ????Τ??ϡ????Τߤ??Τ??Ȥ????Ǥ???

?嵭?? 12 ???ܤΥ????ȥ???????ȿ?????ʤ??Τϡ?4.[23] BSD ?ͥåȥ???????? (???????????ץ???????) ?ΥХ??Τ????Ǥ??礦?? 4.x (x <= 3) ?Ǥϡ????Υǡ??????????˻ĤäƤ??? ttl ???ɤ????ͤǤ??äƤ⡢ ???????Ѥ??? unreachable ???å??????????Ф??ޤ??? ???äơ??????ȥ????????Ф??ƻĤäƤ??? ttl?? 0 ?ʤΤǡ? ICMP "time exceeded" ?????äƤ??ʤ????Ȥ??ݾڤ????ޤ??? ???ΥХ?????Ū?Υ????ƥ????Ǥ??????줿???硢 ?????ˤ⤦??????̣???????ΤȤʤ??ޤ???



 1  helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1)  0 ms  0 ms  0 ms


 2  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  39 ms  19 ms  39 ms


 3  lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1)  19 ms  39 ms  19 ms


 4  ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23)  39 ms  40 ms  19 ms


 5  ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35)  39 ms  39 ms  39 ms


 6  csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254)  39 ms  59 ms  39 ms


 7  * * *


 8  * * *


 9  * * *
10  * * *
11  * * *
12  * * *
13  rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22)  59 ms !  39 ms !  39 ms !

12 ?Υ????ȥ????? (13 ???ܤϺǽ???Ū?Υۥ??ȤǤ?) ?????ꡢ ???礦??Ⱦʬ?Υ????ȥ??????????Ԥ??Ƥ??ޤ??? ?????ϡ?rip (Sun OS3.5 ?β?Ư???Ƥ??? Sun-3) ???? ???夷???ǡ??????????? ttl ?? ICMP ?????? ttl ?Ȥ??Ƥ??Τޤ޻??Ѥ??뤳?? ?ˤ??????ΤǤ??? ??ϩ??Ĺ???ξ??ʤ??Ȥ? 2 ?ܤ? ttl ?Υץ????֤????Ф??????ޤǡ?( ICMP ???Ф??? ICMP ?????Ф????ʤ??Τǡ?ï?ˤⵤ?դ??줺??) ?????η?ϩ???Ǳ??????????ॢ???Ȥ??ޤ??? ???ʤ??????ºݤˤ? rip ?ޤǤ? 7 ?ۥåפ????????ޤ????? ttl?? 1 ?α????ϡ??????????λ????ˤʤ??ޤ??? ttl?? 1 ?ʲ??ξ??硢 traceroute ?ϻ??֤θ??? "!" ??ɽ?????ޤ??? ?٥????ϵ켰?? (DEC ?? Ultrix??Sun 3.x) ???뤤??ɸ???Ǥʤ? (HPUX) ???եȥ???????¿?????Ѥ??Ƥ????Τǡ? ???Ф??Ф??????꤬?????뤳?Ȥ????Τ??ơ? ?ץ????֤???ɸ?Υۥ??Ȥ????դ????????Ǥ?????????

???֤θ????դ?????¾???????ˤϡ? !H, !N, !P (?ۥ??ȡ??ͥåȥ?????ץ??ȥ???????ã??ǽ) ?䡢 !S (???????롼?ƥ??󥰤˼???) ?䡢 !F-<pmtu> (?ե饰?????ơ?????????ɬ?? - RFC1191 Path MTU Discovery ?ͤ?ɽ??) ?䡢 !X (?????塢?̿????ػߤ????Ƥ???) ?䡢 !V (?ۥ??Ƚ?????ȿ) ?䡢 !C (???????åȥ??դ??ʤ??줿), ?䡢 !<num> (ICMP ?? ?????? num ?Ǥ???ã?Ǥ??ʤ?) ???????ޤ??? ???????? RFC1812 (RFC1716 ?˼??ä??????ޤ???) ???????????Ƥ??ޤ??? ?ۤȤ??????ƤΥץ????֤???ã??ǽ?Ǥ????С? traceroute ?????Ф??ߤὪλ???ޤ???

???Υ??ޥ??ɤϥͥåȥ???θ?????¬?ꡢ?????Τ????˻??Ѥ??????ΤǤ??? ?????ϼ?ư?Ǿ㳲???ڤ?Υ???????˻??Ѥ??????٤????ΤǤ??? ?ͥåȥ???ˤ????????٤??礭???Τǡ? traceroute ???̾????????伫ưŪ?ʥ??????ץȤǻ??Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ϶򤫤ʤ??ȤǤ???

??Ϣ????

pathchar(8), netstat(1), ping(8)

????

Steve Deering ?????Ƥ˴??Ť? Van Jacobson ?ˤ??äƼ????????ޤ????? ?ǥХå??ϲ??????ο͡????ä? C.Philip Wood?? Tim Seaver ?? Ken Adelman ?ˤ????????ϤΤ??????ƤȽ????ˤ??äƹԤʤ????ޤ?????

???ߤΥС?????????ƿ̾ ftp ???Ȥäưʲ??ΤȤ????????????Ǥ??ޤ???

ftp://ftp.ee.lbl.gov/traceroute.tar.gz

?Х?

UDP ?ʳ??Υץ??ȥ????????Ѥ??????硢??ǽ?????¤????ޤ??? ?äˡ??Ǹ??Υѥ??åȤ????Ф??м????줿?褦?˸????ޤ??? ?ʤ??ʤ顢?Ǹ??Υѥ??åȤ??????ۥ??Ȥ???ã?????Ȥ??Ƥ⡢ ICMP ???å????????????֤????ʤ????ᡢ ???????Τ???ˡ??̵???????Ǥ??? TCP ?ξ??硢 traceroute ?ϰ????ۥ??? (?ޤ??ϥѥ??åȤ??ե??륿???Ƥ??????֥롼??) ?????? RST ?򸫤??٤??Ǥ??????ޤ??????????Ƥ??ޤ?????

?Х????ݡ??Ȥϡ?traceroute@ee.lbl.gov ?????äƤ?????????