̾??

ypserv — NIS ?ǡ????١?????????

????

ypserv [-n] [-d] [-p path]

????

NIS ??ʣ???? UNIX ?١????Υޥ????֤? ???̤??????ե??????ν???????ͭ???뤿???? RPC ?١????Υ????ӥ??Ǥ??? NIS ?Ǥϡ? /etc/hosts, /etc/passwd, /etc/group ?Ȥ??ä????ۤȤ??ɤδĶ??????ˤ˹??????????ե???????ʣ???Υ??ԡ??? ?????ƥ??????Ԥ?????????ɬ?פ?̵???? ?׻????Υ??롼?פǰ??ս??ǹ?????ǽ?? 1 ?ȤΥǡ???????ͭ???뤳?Ȥ??Ǥ??ޤ???

ypserv ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??? NIS ?ɥᥤ?? ???Υ??饤?????ȥ????ƥ??? NIS ?ǡ????١????????ۤ??륵???ФǤ??? NIS ?ɥᥤ?????Υ??饤?????Ȥ? domainname(1) ???ޥ??ɤ????Ѥ??? ypserv ???????ӥ????Ƥ????ɥᥤ??̾?????ꤷ?ʤ????Фʤ??ޤ????? ?ޤ???ñ?? NIS ?ɥᥤ??????ʣ???Υ????Ф?¸?ߤ????뤿?ᡢ ???饤?????Ȥϡ? ypbind(8) ???¹Ԥ??????????Υ????Ф???³????ɬ?פ⤢???ޤ???

ypserv ?ˤ??ä????ۤ??????ǡ????١????? /var/yp/[domainname] ?˳?Ǽ?????ޤ??? ?????? domainname ?ϥ????ӥ??????????ɥᥤ??̾?Ǥ??? ?????ͤʥǥ??쥯?ȥ????͡??ʥɥᥤ??̾?ˤ?ʣ??¸?߲?ǽ?Ǥ????? ñ???? ypserv ?ǡ??????ˤ????ƽ?????ǽ?Ǥ???

?ǡ????١??? (?⤷???Ϥ??Ф??? ?ޥå? ?ȸƤФ??ޤ?)?ϡ??͡??ʥ????ƥ??ե??????򥽡????Ȥ??? /var/yp/Makefile ?ˤ??äƺ????????ޤ??? ?ǡ????١????ե??????? db(3) ?ե????ޥåȤǤ??ꡢ?쥳???ɿ???¿???Ȥ???®?˸?????ǽ?Ǥ??? FreeBSD ?Ǥϡ??????????ƥ??Τ??ᡢ?ޥåפ??ɤ߽񤭤? root ?Τ߲?ǽ?Ǥ??? ????Ū?ˤϡ????Τ褦?????¤ϥѥ???ɥޥåפˤΤ?ɬ?פǤ????? ¾?Υޥåפ????Ƥ?ï?⤬?ɤ???¾?Υե??????˽񤤤Ƥ????ޤ??Τǡ? ?????ͤ??????ϳ??ǤϤʤ???????Ū?Ǥ????ȹͤ??????Ƥ??ޤ???

ypserv ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??? /etc/rc.conf ?ˤ?ͭ???ˤ????Ƥ????????? /etc/rc.d/ypserv ???鵯ư?????ޤ???

???̤ʻ???

FreeBSD ?Υѥ???ɥǡ????١????? NIS ?ˤ??ä????ۤ????????ˤ????Ĥ??????꤬?????ޤ??? FreeBSD ???̾?Ź沽?????ѥ???ɤ???root ?Τ??ɤ߽񤭲?ǽ?? /etc/master.passwd ?ˤΤ߳?Ǽ???ޤ??? ???Υե??????? NIS ?ޥåפˤ????ȡ??????????ƥ??????????ˤ??Ƥ??ޤ??ޤ???

???????н褹?뤿???ˡ? FreeBSD ?? ypserv ?? master.passwd.byname ?? master.passwd.byuid ?Υޥåפ????̤???ˡ?ǰ????ޤ??? ?????Ф??????? 2 ?ĤΥޥåפؤΥ????????׵????????դ????ȡ? ?׵ḵ?? TCP ?ݡ??Ȥ??????å??????ݡ????ֹ椬 1023 ?????礭???????ˤ? ???顼???֤??ޤ??? ?????ѥ桼???Τ? 1024 ???꾮???? TCP ?ݡ??Ȥ˥Х????ɤ??????????????Ƥ??뤿?ᡢ ?????ФϤ????????Ѥ????ø??桼?????????׵ᤫ?ݤ???Ƚ???Ǥ??ޤ??? ???ø??桼???????????Ƥ??׵??ϵ??ݤ????ޤ???

?ޤ??? FreeBSD ??ɸ?? C ?饤?֥??????? getpwent(3) ?롼?????ϡ??????ѥ桼???????Ѥ????????ˤ? master.passwd.byname ?? master.passwd.byuid ?Υޥåפ????ǡ????????????ޤ??? ?̾??Υ桼???????????Υ롼?????򥳡??뤷???????ˤϡ?ɸ???? passwd.byname ?? passwd.byuid ?Υޥåפ˥??????????ޤ??????Ԥ? 2 ?ĤΥޥåפ? /var/yp/Makefile ?ˤ??ꡢ master.passwd ?ե????????ѡ????????ѥ???ɥե??????ɤ????????????ˤ????????????ޤ??Τǡ? ???ø??桼?????Ϥ??Ƥ??????Ǥ??? ???Τ褦?? master.passwd ?ǡ????١????Υ????ɥ??ѥ???ɵ????? NIS ?ˤ????Ƥ????????ޤ???

??

?ޥ????????Фȥ??졼?֥????Ф?????

ypinit(8) ???????ʥ??????ץȤǤ??ꡢ NIS ?Υޥ????????Ф????ӥ??졼?֥????Ф??????ν????ˤʤ??ޤ???

????

NIS ?Ķ??ˤƥ????ɥ??ѥ???ɤ????Ѥ??뤳?Ȥ˵??????????꤬ 2 ?Ĥ????ޤ??? ?桼???ϼ??Τ??Ȥ˵????Ĥ??ͤФʤ??ޤ?????

‘TCP ?ݡ??Ȥ? 1024 ???꾮????’ ?Ȥ????ƥ??Ȥ??????˴?ñ?Ǥ??뤿?ᡢ Ʊ???ͥåȥ?????Ρ?̵???¤Υ???????????ǽ?ʥޥ????????ĥ桼???? ???????ˤ???????ǽ?Ǥ? (UNIX ?١????ǤϤʤ????ڥ졼?ƥ??󥰥????ƥ????¹Ԥ????ޥ????Ǥ???ǽ?Ǥ?)??
FreeBSD ?????ƥ??򡢥????ɥ??ѥ???ɤ򥵥ݡ??Ȥ??ʤ??? FreeBSD ???饤?????? (?ۤȤ??ɤ??????Ǥ?) ???Ф??륵???Фˤ??褦?Ȥ??Ƥ????????ˤϡ? /var/yp/Makefile ?? UNSECURE=True ?????ȥ??Υ??????Ȥ򳰤??? ?????ɥ??ѥ???ɤ?̵???ˤ???ɬ?פ??????ޤ??? ?????ˤ??ꡢ passwd.byname ?? passwd.byuid ?Υޥåפˡ??? FreeBSD ???饤?????Ȥ? NIS ???̤??ƥ桼??ǧ?ڤ? ?Ԥ???????ɬ?פȤ??롢 ͭ???ʰŹ沽???줿?ѥ???ɥե??????ɤ??ޤޤ????褦?ˤʤ??ޤ???

?????????ƥ?

????Ū?ˡ????⡼?ȥ桼???ϡ??ɥᥤ??̾???ΤäƤ????????С?RPC ?? ypserv ??ȯ?Ԥ??? NIS ?ޥåפ????Ƥ???????ǽ?Ǥ??? ???Τ褦?ʸ??¤?̵???ȥ??󥶥??????????ɤ??????ˡ? ypserv ?ˤ? securenets ?ȸƤФ??롢?????ۥ??Ȥν????ˤΤߥ????????????¤??뵡ǽ???????ޤ??? ??ư???ˡ? ypserv ?? securenets ???????ե????? /var/yp/securenets ?????ɤ߹??ߤޤ? (???Ҥ????褦?ˡ????Υѥ??ϡ? -p ???ץ??????ˤ??äƻ??ꤹ???ѥ??ˤ??ä??Ѳ????뤳?Ȥ????դ??Ʋ?????)?? ???Υե??????ϡ??????ˤ??äƶ??ڤ??????ͥåȥ???ȥͥåȥ???ޥ????????ʤ? ?????ȥ???ʣ???ޤߤޤ??? “#” ?????Ϥޤ??Ԥϥ??????Ȥȸ??ʤ????ޤ??? securenets ?ե????????????ʲ??˼????ޤ?:

# allow connections from local host -- mandatory
127.0.0.1     255.255.255.255
# allow connections from any host
# on the 129.168.128.0 network
192.168.128.0 255.255.255.0
# allow connections from any host
# between 10.0.0.0 to 10.0.15.255
10.0.0.0      255.255.240.0

ypserv ?????????Υ롼????Ŭ?礹?륢?ɥ쥹???????׵??????????ä??????ˤϡ? ?̾??̤??׵??????????ޤ??? ???ɥ쥹???롼????Ŭ?礷?ʤ??????ˤϡ??׵???̵?뤵?졢?ٹ𤬥????????ޤ??? /var/yp/securenets ?ե????뤬¸?ߤ??ʤ??????ˤϡ? ypserv ?????ƤΥۥ??Ȥ???????³???????ޤ???

ypserv ?桼?ƥ????ƥ??ϡ?Wietse Venema ?? tcpwrapper ?ѥå??????򥵥ݡ??Ȥ??ޤ??? ?????ˤ??ꡢ?????????????Τ????ˡ? ?????ƥ??????Ԥ? tcpwrapper ???????ե????? (/etc/hosts.allow ?? /etc/hosts.deny) ?? /var/yp/securenets ?????????˻??ѤǤ??ޤ???

??: ?ɤ????Υ????????????⤽???ʤ??Υ????????ƥ????󶡤??ޤ????? ?ø??ݡ??ȥƥ??Ȥ?Ʊ?ͤ? “IP ???? (spoofing)” ?????ˤ?̵?ϤǤ??뤳?Ȥ? ???դ??Ʋ???????

NIS v1 ?ߴ???

???ΥС????????? ypserv ?? NIS v1 ???饤?????Ȥ??Ф??Ƥ??????٥????ӥ???ǽ?Ǥ??? FreeBSD ?? NIS ?????? NIS v2 ?ץ??ȥ????Τߤ????Ѥ??ޤ????? ¾?μ????ǤϸŤ??????ƥ??ȤΥХå???ɥ????ѥ??ӥ??ƥ??Τ????? v1 ?ץ??ȥ????⥵?ݡ??Ȥ??Ƥ??ޤ??? ???Τ褦?ʥ????ƥ????󶡤????Ƥ??? ypbind(8) ?ǡ??????ϡ??ºݤˤϤ????餯???פʤΤǤ????? NIS v1 ?????Ф˥Х????ɤ??褦?Ȥ??ޤ? (?????ơ?v2 ?????Ф????????????????ä??Ȥ??Ƥ⥵???Ф?õ???????? ?֥????ɥ??㥹?Ȥ?³???ޤ?)?? ???ΥС????????? ypserv ?Ǥ??̾??Υ??饤?????ȤθƤӽФ??ϥ??ݡ??Ȥ????Ƥ??ޤ????? v1 ?ޥå?ž???׵??ϰ????ޤ????? ???ʤ??????Ť? NIS ?????ФȤȤ??ˡ??ޥ????⤷???ϥ??졼?֤Ȥ??ƻ??Ѥ??뤳?ȤϤǤ??ޤ????? ?????ʤ??Ȥˡ??????ǤϤ????ͤʥ????Ф?¸?ߤ??ʤ??Ǥ??礦??

NIS ???饤?????ȤǤ⤢?? NIS ??????

ʣ???Υ????Ф?¸?ߤ????ɥᥤ???ˤ????ơ? ?????Ф? NIS ???饤?????ȤǤ⤢???????ˤϡ? ypserv ?μ¹Ԥ????դ?ʧ??ɬ?פ??????ޤ??? ?Х??????׵????֥????ɥ??㥹?Ȥ????ƥ????д֤ǥХ????ɤ??????ΤǤϤʤ??? ?????Ф???ʬ???Ȥ˥Х????ɤ??뤳?Ȥϰ???Ū?ˤ??ɤ??ͤ??Ǥ??? ???륵???Ф??????󤷡?¾?Υ????Ф????Υ????Ф˰?¸???Ƥ????????ˤϡ? ??̯?ʾ㳲?????????ޤ? (???̤Ȥ??????ƤΥ??饤?????Ȥ??????ॢ???Ȥ??? ¾?Υ????Ф˥Х????ɤ??褦?Ȥ??ޤ??????ٱ???̵???Ǥ????? ?????ФϤޤ??ߤ??˥Х????ɤ??褦?Ȥ??ޤ??Τǡ??㳲?ϻĤ??ޤ?)??

?????Υ????Ф˶???Ū?˥Х????ɤ????뤿???ξܺ٤? ypbind(8) ?ޥ˥奢???ڡ????򻲾Ȥ??Ʋ???????

???ץ?????

?ʲ??Υ??ץ??????? ypserv ?ˤƥ??ݡ??Ȥ????Ƥ??ޤ???

-n: ???Υ??ץ??????? ypserv ?? hosts.byname ?? hosts.byaddress ?Υޥåפ??Ф??? yp_match ?׵??򰷤???ˡ??????ޤ??? ?ǥե????ȤǤϡ? ypserv ??Ϳ?????줿?ۥ??ȤΥ????ȥ????ۥ??ȥޥå????˸??դ??????ʤ??ä??????ˤϡ? ???顼???֤??????ʾ??ν??????Ԥ??ޤ????? -n ?ե饰?????ꤹ???ȡ? ypserv ?Ϥ????ʤ????????Ԥ??ޤ??? ?????ˤ??????᤺?ˡ??ۥ???̾?⤷???ϥ??ɥ쥹?? DNS ?͡??ॵ???Ф??䤤???碌?? ???褷?褦?Ȥ??ޤ??? ?䤤???碌???????????ȡ? ypserv ?ϵ??Υǡ????١????쥳???ɤ??????????????򥯥饤?????Ȥ??֤??ޤ??Τǡ? ???饤?????Ȥ? yp_match ?׵????????????褦?˸????ޤ???
???λ??ͤ? SunOS 4.1.x ?Ȥθߴ????Τ??????Ѱդ????Ƥ??ޤ??? ???Υ????ƥ???ɸ?? C ?饤?֥????Ǥϥ꥾???Ф????äƤ??ꡢ ?ۥ???̾?ȥ??ɥ쥹?β????Τ????? NIS ?˰?¸???Ƥ??ޤ????? FreeBSD ?Υ꥾???Ф? DNS ?ؤ??䤤???碌??ľ?ܹԤ??ޤ??Τǡ? FreeBSD ?Ǥ??? NIS ???饤?????Ȥ??Ф??ƤΤߥ????ӥ??????????ϡ? ???Υ??ץ???????ͭ???ˤ???ɬ?פϤ????ޤ?????
-d: ?????Ф??ǥХå??⡼?ɤǼ¹Ԥ??ޤ??? ?̾? ypserv ?ϰ۾????Υ??顼 (??????????ȿ???ե????륢??????????) ?Τߤ? syslog(3) ??ǽ?????Ѥ??????𤷤ޤ??? ?ǥХå??⡼?ɤǤϡ??????Фϼ??Ȥ??Хå????饦???ɤǤϼ¹Ԥ????? ?ꥯ?????Ȥ??????뤿?Ӥˡ? ???֤?ɽ???ɲäΥ??å???????ɸ?२?顼???Ϥ?ɽ?????ޤ??? ?ޤ????ǥХå??⡼?ɤǼ¹Ԥ??Ƥ????֤ϡ??̾??Ȥϰۤʤꡢ yp_all ?׵????????? DNS ???????????? ypserv ???֥ץ??????????????ޤ??? (???????ν?????¿???ξ??細λ?ޤǤ˻??֤??????뤿???? ???֥ץ??????ˤ??????????졢 ?ƤǤ??륵???Ф??̤??׵????????Ǥ????褦?ˤʤäƤ??ޤ?)?? ?????ˤ????ǥХå??ġ????ˤ??륵???ФΥȥ졼?????ưפˤʤ??ޤ???
-p path: ?̾? ypserv ?? NIS ?ޥåפ? /var/yp ?ʲ??ˤ??????Τ????ꤷ?ޤ??? -p ?ե饰?????Ѥ????̤? NIS ?롼?ȥѥ????????Ǥ??ޤ??Τǡ? ?????ƥ??????Ԥϥե????륷???ƥ??????̤ξ????˥ޥåץե?????????ư?Ǥ??ޤ???

??Ϣ?ե?????

/var/yp/[domainname]/[maps]: NIS ?ޥå?
/etc/nsswitch.conf: ̾???ڤ??ؤ??????ե?????
/var/yp/securenets: ?ۥ??ȥ????????????ե?????

??Ϣ????

ypcat(1), db(3), hosts_access(5), rpc.yppasswdd(8), yp(8), ypbind(8), ypinit(8), yppush(8), ypxfr(8)

????

Bill Paul ⟨wpaul@ctr.columbia.edu⟩

????

???ΥС????????? ypserv ???ǽ????о줷???Τ? FreeBSD 2.2 ?Ǥ???